I-farmstead Zakharovo. Umlando we-museum. Izithombe nokubuyekezwa kwezivakashi

Indawo yeZakharovo yindawo yomlando lapho umbongi waseRussia u-A. Pushkin esebenzisa ubuntwana bakhe. Itholakala esiteshini segama elifanayo esifundeni sase-Odintsovo.

Umlando omncane

Ifa likaZakharovo (eMoscow) lachazwe okokuqala ezincwadini ze-XVII leminyaka. Ngokwale mibhalo, u-Dorofei (Bogdan) u-Ivanovich Kamynin, owayekhonza njengeViv noSolikamsk, unelungelo lomhlaba. Kamuva, wathuthela enkonzweni yomkopishi u-Mozhaisk, uVereya noBorovsk. Indodana yakhe, u-Ivan, yavuka esikhwameni somgcinimafa esisezingeni elilula-nefayili, esithole isithunzi esihle, futhi yafa engenamntwana ekuqaleni kweminyaka engamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye.

Ngemva kokushona komyeni, umninimzi waba ngumfelokazi wakhe, futhi kamuva udadewabo u-Avdotya Ivanovna, owashada no-I.I.Urusov. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, le ndawo yayise-Urusovs kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-1757. U-Alexander Yakovlevich - indodana yase-Urusovs, wayithengisa kumlingani wakhe uDP Savelov, owayeka umhlalaphansi wabe eseqala ukwakha kabusha umhlaba.

Ngo-1781, indawo ehloniphekile yaseZakharovo idlulela endaweni engumeluleki wenkantolo I. Ya. Tinkov. Ngomnikazi omusha, indlu yendlu emibili yakhiwa kule ndawo, insimu yezithelo zokunethezeka kanye nepaki elincane kodwa elihle kakhulu elinama-maple alleys liphukile.

Indlu kaM. A. Hannibal

Ngemva kokufa kuka-I. Ya. Tinkov (1804), le ndawo yazuza nguMa. A. Hannibal. Umfazi we-aura kaPeter Omkhulu, wayengowomndeni wabafana wasendulo. Ugogo wasekusasa waseRussia njalo ehlobo wayenendodakazi yakhe u-IO Pushkin nabantwana bakhe. Kamuva, lapho u-Alexander Sergeyevich ekhula futhi efunda eLyceum, ugogo wakhe wathengisa lo dade udumo. I-Zakharovo Manor (Isifunda sase-Odintsovo) sekuyisikhathi eside isiyindawo edumile yaseRussia, lapho imikhosi yabantu enezingoma nezingoma zaziqhutshwa njalo. Konke lokhu kwakusungulwa imbongi yesikhathi esizayo. Emisebenzini yakhe eminingi wathi uZakharovo. Impahla yasePushkin kulezi zikhathi ezikude yayinezibhunjana ezincane ebhange elakhulayo umuthi waseLinden wasendulo. Eduzane naye kwakukhona ibhentshi. Kulo Pushkin encane kwakuthanda ukuchitha sonke isikhathi sakhe samahhala. Manje isikhumbuzo sombongi sakhiwa kule sayithi.

Indlu yasendlini yaseZakharovo yayincane, nephiko elincane kakhulu eceleni kwalo. Isiqephu sendlu sasibheka ipaki elimnandi elihle. Emgwaqeni omkhulu, ekugcineni kwawo kwakukhona i- gazebo enziwe ngokhuni, ungaya echibini.

Ngemva kokuthengisa le ndawo i-Pushkin yayivame ukufika lapho, isivele isivezi esidumile. Wayevame ukuvakashela umzana waseVyazemy oseduze. Lapha wangcwatshwa umfowabo uNicholas, owashona esemncane kakhulu. Isikhathi sokugcina imbongi yayisendlini ngo-1831, ngaphambi komshado. Abacwaningi bakhumbula ukuthi wayecasuliwe kakhulu ngokuchithwa kanye nezindawo.

Zakharovo ekhulwini le-XIX

Izikhathi eziningana kwi-XIX leminyaka lefa elihle leZakharovo lithengiswa. Abanikazi bayo babengama Kozlovs, Orlovs, Nechayevs. Kwakuhlelwe ukuhlenga impahla ku-ubunikazi bombuso ukuze kulungiselelwe isikhumbuzo lapho, kodwa imali ayinayo imali yalokhu.

Indlu entsha yavela ngo-1900. Kwaba khona ngo-1993. Unyaka ngamunye kusukela ngo-1976 indawo yeZakharovo iba indawo yamaholide ePushkin. Ngo-1993, indlu eyinhloko ye manor yashiswa ngesikhathi somlilo, futhi ngo-1999, kuze kube sekupheleni kweminyaka engu-200 yombongi, kwakhiwa entsha.

I-Museum-Estate yaseZakharovo

Ukwakhiwa kwezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi kunalokho kunesidingo. I-USSR Academy of Sciences ngo-1949 ifake i-obelisk eduze nesikole eZakharovo, ngokukhumbula ukuvakashelwa kuka-Alexander Sergeevich kuZakharovo. I-Obelisk yabizwa ngokuthi yisikhumbuzo semasiko nomlando wokubaluleka kombuso. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, izikhulu zesinqumo "bakhohliwe" mayelana nefa ngokwalo, ngakho-ke phakathi neminyaka elandelayo kwakungeyona isikhumbuzo, ngakho-ke akuvikelwe. I-Obelisk yayilondolozwe ngokucophelela, yayihlotshiswe ngezimbali, futhi epaki elifa, lapho iPushkin ikhula khona, idla izinkomo.

Ngo-1987 kuphela, ngesisekelo seSinqumo seMkhandlu weNgqongqoshe we-RSFSR, i-museum-reserve ka-Alexander Pushkin yadalwa ngesisekelo sezindawo ezingakhunjulwa ezigodini zaseBolshye Vyazemy naseZakharovo, esifundeni sase-Odintsovo.

Ochwepheshe abaningi banesizathu sokucabangela ukuthi izwe lembongi yombongi omkhulu wefa likaZakharovo noVyazem - ebuntwaneni bakhe badlula lapha. Kwakukhona emhlabeni lapha ukuthi waqala ukubonga ubuhle bemvelo yaseRussia, waphawula amadansa asezidlaleni, ezwa izingoma zomculo, wabona ukuphila kwesifundazwe nesicebile. Lapha isimo sakhe esibalulekile nesibambisene nombuso sakha, lapha izinkondlo zakhe zokuqala zavela. Lapha u-Alexander Pushkin weza lapho kwakunzima kuye.

Namuhla, ensimini yezindawo ezimbili, kukhona iminyuziyamu yomlando nombhalo-okugcinwa ngu-Alexander Pushkin. Bonke abafika kulezi zindawo abakwazi ukuhamba kuphela ezindleleni zamapaki amadala, kodwa futhi bathinte izifakazi ezibuthakathaka zobuntwana bendawo yobuciko - izikhumbuzo zokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezihlanganisiwe esigodlweni esisodwa kanye nasepaki.

Zakharovo Park

Ngaphandle kwesango lemyuziyamu kukhona intaba enkulu, lapho ipaki enhle ihamba khona. Ngakwesokudla kukhona isikhumbuzo sikaM.A. Hannibal nenkondlo encane, kanti indawo encane ibonakala indlu yendlu, ibuyiselwe ngokwendlela yokwakha abakhiqizi V.V. Zubarev neN.V. Kartashova.

Indlu enkulu yomasipala

Isimo esivela kule ndlu siyinto ejwayelekile kumuntu waleso sikhathi. Ifenisha yama-mahogany, izihlalo zokugqoka zaseMorocco, izibuko nezethusi. Ngaphandle, kokubili indlu nezakhayo zazibukeka ziphansi kakhulu. Ngeshwa, cishe akunakwenzeka ukubuyisela ukubukeka kweqiniso kwangempela kwesakhiwo lapho umndeni kaHannibal noPushkin uhlala khona. Kwakungekho ubufakazi obumbhalo bokubonakala kwakhe. Ukuphela kobufakazi bokuthi uhlobo lwe-manor lwaluyizinkondlo zikaPushkin.

Indlu yasendlini iyisakhiwo sezitezi ezimbili. Indlu yesibili - i-mezzanine, ephansi, isevisi, futhi eyokuqala - kukhona ukuboniswa kwemyuziyamu. Emahholo ayisishiyagalolunye emnyuziyamu, ingaphakathi lwakhiwa kabusha, lapho imbongi enkulu eyakhula khona.

Ehholo lokuqala ungajwayela iphrojekthi yokubuyiselwa kwendlu. Lapha okutholakele okungatholakali okutholakala kuleli zwe kuboniswe - amathayili e-ceramic, amabhulokhi avela kumawindi, izinkinobho, izinsalela zezitsha. Nayi ikhophi yesenzo sokuthenga sikaZakharovo M. A. Hannibal.

Kusuka ehholo lokuqala ungaya enkundleni yangaphambili, ehlotshiswe ngomoya waleso sikhathi. Yonke ifenisha nezinye iziboniso zivela ekhulwini le-XIX. Lapha ungabona izithombe zomndeni zabazali bakaMay Hannibal: A. Yu Pushkin no S. Yu Rzhevskaya, indodakazi kaNadezhda Osipovna, umyeni wakhe uSergei Lvovich, nomfowabo uVasily Lvovich.

Ukuqhubeka nomhlahlandlela kuzokuthatha ekamelweni lomnikazi wefa - MA Hannibal. Lapha uzobona ihhovisi lekhulu le-XVIII, elenziwe yi-serf masters, indlu yangasese enezibuko "psyche", umbhede, imisebenzi yezandla, izincwadi zokugcinwa kwezindlu nokulima, okwakushicilelwa ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XVIII.

Igumbi lokudlela

Ukuziqhenya kwefa iZakharovo (eMoscow) yindawo yokudlela enkulu. Liyindawo evulekile ephethe itafula le-oval, elinikezwa izitsha zekhulu le-XVIII. Yonke ifenisha isendlini yama-mahogany. Nge-pantry ne-corridor, ungaya ekhishini, lapho u-Arina Rodionovna noNikita Kozlov bebebusa khona. Kukhona abathintekayo kanye nama-samovars, amathumbu namabhakethi nezinye izinto, ezaziseZakharov ngesikhatsi sikaPushkin.

I-Orchard

Eduze kwendlu kukhona insimu yezithelo ezibuyiselwe . Ngemuva kokuhamba phansi komgwaqo ngaphansi kwe-Pushkin, uzofika ogwini lolwandle oluhle kakhulu ngebhuloho. Ngo-1815 wadunyiswa ngu-A.S. I-Pushkin "E-Epistle eya eJudin."

Kule ndawo uhlelwe ukubuyisela izihlahla ezihlotshisiwe ze-birch grove lapho, ngokusho kobufakazi bukaNashchekin, uPushkin omncane wayehamba, ecabanga ukuthi uyindoda enhle kakhulu.

Ngokusho komsebenzi wokubuyiselwa, indawo kaZakharovo kufanele ihlwanyelwe umfula i-Pushkin, lapho namuhla kunombhede owomile kuphela, futhi ibhuloho lwanamuhla lokukhonkolo kufanele lithathwe indawo yebhuloho lezinkuni, elaziwa kusukela ekuqoqweni kwe-Pushkin Museum.

Ama-Excursions

I-museum inezinkambo ezithakazelisayo, imibukiso yeminyuzi kanye nemibukiso ehlala njalo. NgeSonto kusukela ngoSeptemba kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Ephreli, amakhonsathi nomusi womculo zigcinwe egumbini lomlilo lomlilo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-museum inomsebenzi omuhle nezingane - kuhlelwe ukuvula isikole se-pathfinder encane nomqondisi.

I-Zaharovo Manor: kanjani ukufika lapho?

Kulula kakhulu ukwenza lokhu. Kusiteshini sesitimela saseBelorussky (eMoscow) isitimela sikagesi seZvenigorod sizokuyisa esiteshini saseZakharovo. Okulandelayo, thatha inombolo yebhasi engu-22 ukumisa "uZakharovo".

Ngemoto, ushayela i-44 km eduze nomgwaqo omkhulu waseMohaiskoye, bese ubuyela eZvenigorod, futhi emva kwe-2 km uzoba khona.

Izibuyekezo zabavakashi

Izivakashi eziningi kule sayithi yomlando zihlala zaneliseke kakhulu ngohambo lwabo. Baqaphela ukuthi insimu ihlelwe kahle, izimbali, emnyuziyamu kunemibukiso eminingi ethakazelisayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abasebenzi abasebenza emnyuziyamu bafanelwe amazwi anomusa, okusho amaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo avela emlandweni wefa.