Isiqhingi Shumshu: incazelo. Fight esiqhingini Shumshu

Kwasukasukela eningizimu yonke iNhlonhlo eKamchatka, e sifinyelela engezansi lase-Amur, Sakhalin kanye Kuril Islands Ainu wahlala abantu basendulo. Lezi abomdabu owakhiwe siqhingi futhi Shumshu. Ngo-1711, kulesi Northerly iningi Kuril Islands bavakashela isihambi eSiberia Ivan Kozyrevsky. Lamabutho ka Cossacks, eliholwa kuye futhi Danilo Antsyferova, siwela Shumshu ngenhloso yentuthuko kanye eziningi ukubusa Russian kuya Kuril Islands. Ukuze kuhlonishwe Ivana Kozyrevskogo ku Shumshu okuthiwa bay futhi izimpawulo. Futhi behlonipha Antsyferova olandelayo sifundo esiqhingini Paramushir, ngokuthi le ntaba-mlilo, isimo entabeni futhi Cape. Ngaphezu kwalokho, igama lakhe wanikwa omunye 56 we-Kuril Islands.

isiqhingi ownerless

Ngo 1787, 21 lesi siqhingi sasibizwa ngokusemthethweni lebhalwe uMbuso isiRashiya, kuhlanganise esiqhingini Shumshu. Ekuqaleni, izwe laqala ukuhlola Russian. Futhi uma khumbula, ukuthi ngisho bangaphambi izinkulumo 1792. Hokkaido kwakungeyona insimu Japanese, kanye Kuril Islands ngokuvamile akuyona eyakhe, kuba inzalo ngempela kuyaqondakala abantu ibhizinisi Russian lokulungisiswa kunoma ubani azisetshenziswa izindawo. Kodwa bonke Romanovs, eziqala uCatherine II, akazange abonise kuye eMpumalanga Ekude kungekho isithakazelo, futhi lo kuqinisekiswa ukudayiswa Alaska.

Imigomo iziqhingi elahlekile

Ngemva kokunqotshwa Russia ngesiRashiya-Japanese War of 1904-1905, i-Kuril Islands naseningizimu Sakhalin suka eJapane, futhi wamanje Sakhalin esifundeni ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezimbili. Ngo-1945, e-US nase-UK baye baphendukela eSoviet Union isicelo entry lwalo impi yokulwa Japan. EU.SSR Wethembisa ukukwenza Ngemva kwezinyanga ncamashi amathathu esenana ukubuya South Sakhalin kanye Kuril Islands. Izwe lethu uye wasigcina isithembiso salo.

Yaduma

Bese enkundleni zomlando iza Shumshu zingezona ezibonakalayo ngaphambilini ehlukanisiwe eKamchatka 1st Kuril Strait whose banzi kuleliphuzu 11 amakhilomitha. Kusukela engumakhelwane Paramushiro Shumshu ehlukanisa 2nd Strait eponymous, whose banzi - 2 kuphela km.

Incazelo esiqhingini ungaqala nge Ubukhulu bayo. Ubude bayo 30 km, ububanzi - 20. Kuyinto phansi kwabo bonke iziqhingi 56. It has a esincane fresh imizimba amanzi, enkulu kunazo zonke okungase ngokuthi Big Lake. Lake futhi Majachnaja - kwemifula emibili egeleza ngokusebenzisa insimu yalo, endaweni elilingana 388 square metres. km. Iphuzu esiphezulu siqhingi antante 189 amamitha ngaphezu kolwandle, futhi iyaqhubeka ibizwa ngokuthi Intaba okuphezulu. igama Plain futhi ezilula Russian. Kuyini yena adumile? amabutho aseSoviet kokufika ukusebenza eyenziwa lapha ngenyanga ka-Agasti.

Isigaba sokugcina kweSoviet-Japanese War

Kulesi siqhingi, kwaqubuka impi yokugcina kweMpi Yezwe II, lapho amathangi wathatha ingxenye futhi inenhliziyo embi. Fight siqhingi Shumshu wangena Kuril kokwehla operation, okwaqala ngo-18 kuya ku-September 1st. Inhloso yalo msebenzi - ukuthunjwa lo Kuril Islands. Wachitha amabutho 2nd Far Eastern Front, elaliholwa Jikelele weZempi M. A. Purkaev futhi Pacific Fleet, eliholwa Admiral I. S. Yumashev. Sekuvele bafeza umsebenzi kuphumelele e Manchuria, elabhujiswa ngokuphelele , le Kwantung Army. Qedela kukhululwa kwebantfu baseNingizimu Sakhalin yaphela i okuhlaselayo kulolo hlangothi. Lezi kwentuthuko wakhe i izimo ezikahle kakhulu sokuvunyelwa Kuril Islands-Japanese.

I militarization seziqhingi

Esiqhingini esisenyakatho ye Shumshu kwaba base ngobukhulu lezindiza ku Japan Kataoka, okuyinto wathumela yempi Japanese ukuze uthwebule Pearl Harbor. Ingabe lapha airfield zezindiza okuye kwalondolozwa ukuze izinsuku zethu, ngisho ngo-90s kwekhulu elidlule lapho babefikela wahlukana Elizovo (eKamchatka) ezindizeni L-410 - isihlalo-19 iwele-injini aviamashiny for izindiza basekhaya.

amabutho aseSoviet wancika ukumangala kuhlasela, inhloso okwakunzima Shumshu isiqhingi - emakhono kubo, kanye nekusungulwa kuyinto zithuthukisa okwengeziwe inkositini Paramushiro, Onekotanom nezinye iziqhingi, ngamunye okwakukhona amasosha Japanese. Kwakuthinta bagxila amabutho ayizinkulungwane 80, ezakhiwe 9 airfields ukuthi singamelana nalobo mayelana 600 izindiza.

inqaba engenakuphikiswa

Ngqo kulesi siqhingi Shumshu kwaba amathangi 60, 11 okuqondene Panzer eshalofini okulima 100, nezinkulungwane Garrison olunezinombolo 8.5. Man. Manje lesi siqhingi a omkhulu ovikelekile uhlelo olulodwa ukuzivikela. Emafektri, izibhedlela, izimboni zikagesi kanye nezokuxhumana izikhungo bafihlwe a ka 50-70 amamitha ukujula. Iningi izibhamu endaweni efihlekile, futhi umyalo wamaSoviet wawungafuni uneminye bengazi ngakho, kodwa namanje kukhona izinto eziningi zamanga. bunkers kuphela ukhonkolo esiqhingini Yakhiwa amayunithi 300, anti-sisemoyeni izakhiwo ukuzivikela ezakhiwa ngasogwini kuya 3-4 km maphakathi nezwe.

Ukuzuma kuhlasela kwakudingekile ngoba ngalesi sikhathi eSoviet Union noma ifinyelele isivumelwano United States phezu ukubuya egcwele Kuril Islands naseningizimu Sakhalin, kodwa ukubambezeleka kancane zokukhuthaza ukuqashwa kwabantu iyiphi siqhingi amabutho aseMelika afika. Ikakhulukazi ukuthi Hirohito, umbusi Japanese, namanje Agasti 15 yayala impi ukuba balungiselele umaluju ikakhulukazi baseMelika. Ukuzuma kuhlasela, setha at inhliziyo nokusebenza amabutho aseSoviet, ngokuvamile, ulungile, ngaphandle, futhi, amasosha aseSoviet babulawa ngesikhathi ukuthunjwa Esiqhingini esisenyakatho.

Uphiko we amabutho aseSoviet

Ngesikhathi lokubikezela, eyayizoba umbelesele siqhingi Shumshu, ifake cishe konke possessed endaweni ukuzivikela zaseKamchatka. iqembu Sheer lalinabashumayeli ayizinkulungwane 8.3. kwaqhuma Military futhi izigqulo bebefanele e isamba amayunithi 118, ukukhanya esindayo umshini zibhamu izingcezu mayelana 500. iqembu abahlala kokubili emanzini nangaphandle ngokwayo ihlukaniswa phakathi vanguard futhi izigaba ezimbili zamabutho main. Ngaphezu kwalokho, 64 elingaphansi emkhunjini umkhumbi, ezazihlanganisa izishanyeli, izingqimba okwami, ibhethri elintantayo, izitsha ezokuthutha, patrol izikebhe kanye nemikhumbi, torpedo izikebhe kanye kokwehla izikebhe, kwakumelwe asekele kuhlasela. Lokhu armada lase futhi ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye 4 - ihlukane wezikhali ukwesekwa, iqembu ezokuthutha ezindaweni eziqhelelene ukuphila kokubili emanzini nasezweni trawling futhi wokugada. Asekelwe eSoviet okuhlaselayo okuxubile emoyeni division of 78 izindiza kanye 130-mm ibhethri ugu esisogwini Cape Lopatka. Shumshu Isiqhingi (kumephu, kukhonjisiwe ngezansi, bubonakala ngokucacile) liseduze kakhulu iphuzu m. Lokwela.

Ama-Marine ngokumelene amathangi

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi amasosha wayengazange usexoshiwe futhi bengahlanganyelanga impi, futhi amabutho kusukela ngaphambili entshonalanga hhayi endleleni ebheke ngenxa esiqinile imisebenzi zobumfihlo. Force kwakunganele, futhi ngosuku lokuqala iqembu womkhumbi elahlekile imikhumbi eziyisishiyagalolunye, futhi 8 balimala. Noma kunjalo, i-party kusengaphambili ehlanganisa 1.3 ayizinkulungwane. Indoda, wakwazi umhlaba futhi bathole ukusizakala khona. Imisakazo 22 ngebhange kwakunebandla elilodwa kuphela. Wathatha itilosi wakhe GV Musorin wangena phansi emanzini, ubambe mpahla eyigugu ngaphezu kwamanzi olwandle. Ngokuvamile, njengoba ngaso sonke isikhathi, amasosha Russian kanye amatilosi ukuboniswa izimangaliso isibindi - bobabili waphinda feat A. Matrosov. Empeleni, vanguard ukuthi kancane kuphela ehlome ngokumelene amathangi Japanese. Sturm Shumshu baba umcimbi juqu phakathi wonke ukusebenza lokubikezela, nenkathi yoshintsho kunqunywa ukunqoba juqu we amabutho aseSoviet, kwaba kahle iphuzu esiphezulu lesi siqhingi - Intaba okuphezulu. Futhi Russian iwine.

Imiphumela imisebenzi

Ngo-August 20 imikhumbi Soviet ziye zaya Kataoka ukwamukela sokunikela, kodwa zanakekelwa ngomlilo. Njengoba siqhubekela kokufika umyalo Japanese isikhathi ngasinye bavumelana sokunikela, kodwa wadonsa olwisana ukusayina langempela. Agasti 22 Fusako Tsutsumi, owayala amabutho Japanese, wathatha yonke imigomo umaluju, futhi mina siboshwa umaluju 20,000 lempi Japanese: 12 - esiqhingini Shumshu futhi 8 - ku Paramushir. Vele esenyakatho iziqhingi isiboshwa umaluju ayizinkulungwane 30 abantu.

imiphumela edabukisayo lo msebenzi baye sisale wahlupheka ohlangothini Soviet. lost abantu 1567 abangu, ka ebulale - 416, ilahlekile (mhlawumbe waminza) - 123 kwalimala - 1028. Japanese esiqhingini isikaniso elahlekile abantu 1018 abafa kwakunezingane 300.

isiqhingi sethu

Ukuze izwe lethu ekupheleni kwempi wathutha bonke ngokuphelele Kurile Islands, kanye kabusha Sakhalin esifundeni wathatha nabo ubulungu bayo. Japan ziyaqhubeka South Kuril Islands, ebabizela Northern Territories.

Izingxoxo ku ubunikazi kuzo zonke lezi ziqhingi, lapho rising sun izwe ayinakho amalungelo yokwelula kuze kube manje. Japan, lokhu kufiseleka kakhulu, futhi ngokwenza kanjalo, kuyasiza US yokunika esingenantengo ocebile, kuhlanganise asanda kuvulwa izinsimbi rhenium Wik Kuril Islands. Japan neRussia at ukuziphatha engafanele intando lokuqala zingenzeki nhlobo uyavuma.