Isikhundla ezindawo ka Nizhny Novgorod. Ibanga kuya eMoscow Lower Novgorod

Nizhny Novgorod - idolobha original kakhulu, nge siqu isendleleni ekhethekile sokuphila esiyingqayizivele Nokho, ngezindlela eziningi esifana nezinye ezinkulu iVolga edolobheni. Kanti-ke nje ungomunye walabo ukuthi ukuziqhenya ngokwabo eRussia.

Nizhny Novgorod: indawo, isimo

Leli dolobha eYurophu eyayiyingxenye yezwe, lapho Oka futhi iVolga uhlangane. Kuyinto isikhungo sokuqondisa Nizhny Novgorod esifundeni, inhloko-dolobha eVolga Federal District. Kusukela ngo-1932 kuya ku-1990, wayaziwa njengomuntu Gorky. Population -. Izinkulungwane zabantu 1280 (ngokuvumelana 2009 idatha, zibalwa 5th ku Russian Federation). Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke izimboni, ezokuthutha, isikhungo yezesayensi nasezinzuzweni kwamasiko yezwe.

Isikhundla ezindawo ka Nizhny Novgorod

Labo abathanda indlela yokuthola Nizhny Novgorod kumephu yeRussia, kufanele wazi ukuthi lo muzi ikhona kokubili loMfula eMfuleni Oka. Umfula uhlukanisa ibe izingxenye. Umlomo wakhe liyisikhungo weJiyomethri aseMpumalanga European Plain. On ekuyi-latitude efanayo njengoba Nizhny Novgorod kukhona emadolobheni anjenge eBratsk, Sergiev Posad, Krasnoyarsk, Ekaterinburg, Rzhev. amadolobha aseduze yilezi: Bogorodsk, Dzerzhinsk, eBor, Kstovo. endaweni engezansi 410 sq. m. On ibhange kwesokudla Oka ukusakaza Dyatlova izintaba abadumile. Omunye izingxenye ezithile zedolobha, isendaweni ibhange kwesokudla, ebizwa ngokuthi iNtshumayelo. ukuphakama kwalo ngaphezu kolwandle - 100-200 m ukuphakama ngebhange kwesokunxele -. Zarechny - 70-80 m, ke ayijulile ngaphezulu.

Nizhny Novgorod kushiwo ngokufanele ngokuthi "umuzi emachibini noma emifuleni." Ngaphezu iVolga kanye Oka insimu yalo ewela ngumuntu emifuleni kweshumi nemifula encane. Edolobheni kukhona kuze kube amathathu amachibi, ayisizwe esikhulu okuyinto Mesherskoye (Kanavinsky wesifunda). isikhathi eMoscow isetshenziswa lapha. Zonke zone idolobha: UTC + 3 ehlobo: UTC + 4. Ikhodi Lower Ukudayela: +7 831 Car: 52-152

Umlando: Isisekelo edolobheni

Theme: "Isikhundla ezindawo ka Nizhny Novgorod" kuhlangene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa umbuzo esidlule yayo yomlando. Usuku edolobheni - e 1221. Umsunguli wawo - Prince Yuri Vsevolodovich. Ngenxa indawo ezansi emzini Novgorod Elikhulu owayemuhle wayebizwa ngokuthi Nizhny Novgorod. Ekuqaleni wayephikisa iphuzu okunamandla kuvikela uVladimir ubukhulu ekuhlaselweni isitha.

Ngo 1341, waba inhloko-dolobha yesizwe Suzdal-Nizhny Novgorod ubukhulu. Nizhny Novgorod kumephu Russia in a Atlas zomlando, khomba imingcele yamazwe Russian ngalezo zikhathi, ihlanganisa indawo ephakathi koMfula. Sura empumalanga, eningizimu-mpumalanga nangaseningizimu - k. Drunk and p. Sergei. Ngecala lasentshonalanga it has a umngcele wemvelo Oka. Umngcele esenyakatho ubukhulu babe Kerzhenets emfuleni, futhi Vetluga Unzha. Izinsalela wezinqaba ezindaweni (wakhonza lokuvikeleka kwezifiso ezisemqoka kwemingcele ubukhulu) futhi isiyatholakala lokubuyekeza izivakashi.

Ngo ngekhulu nanhlanu, ezweni yinye phakathi Russia, Nizhny Novgorod ukuthi lebhalwe ubukhulu eMoscow. Ukubaluleka edolobheni sibe ngumqaphi eliqaphile imingcele esisempumalanga ubukhulu eMoscow lwalulukhulu kakhulu. Ekulungiseleleni imikhankaso kule Lower ngesikhathi ukuze abuthele kwezinhloko zamaviyo. Ukuze uqinise amandla ukuvikela i-Kremlin lokhuni zase zimile. Esikhundleni salo lamiswao itshe, okuyinto waba uphawu lokuhlala Nizhny Novgorod.

"Isikhathi Nezinkinga"

Le nkathi kubhekwa ingqophamlando emlandweni umuzi omkhulu, futhi wenze izinguquko zakho e sendawo of Nizhny Novgorod. Esikhathini Isikhathi Nezinkinga maphakathi Nizhny Novgorod abezempi elalihlelwe ephethwe Nizhny Novgorod Kuzma Minin futhi Dmitry Pozharsky. abezempi Ngenxa eMoscow yakhululwa abahlaseli Polish, ngubani ashaqe enhlokodolobha.

Ekhulwini le-17, wavelela ngumuntu Uqhekeko isonto, eduze Nizhny Novgorod, osebeni lomfula, nabanye ixazululwe Kerzhenets emthethweni. Ngesikhathi Nizhny Novgorod esifundeni azalelwa abaholi abaqavile isonto ngaleso sikhathi - UMbhishobhi Omkhulu Nikon futhi avvakum ezathatha uqhekeko izikhundla ezahlukene.

Ngo 1719, ngesikhathi ekuguquleni uPetru mina, Nizhny Novgorod lithole isimo idolobha yesifundazwe.

ekhulwini XIX: ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha umnotho kanye ukuhweba

I evumayo isikhundla ezindawo ka Nizhny Novgorod kwaba isizathu ukuthi ekhulwini XIX ke uqala ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha umnotho kanye ukuhweba. Lihlobene nokubhekana ubuso yokuthi kule nkathi kaMakarios e Nizhny Novgorod babhekana inzuzo enkulu e fair zayo ezidumile. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, leli dolobha yase yaziwa ngokuthi "ephaketheni laseRussia." Emaphandleni, kwenyunyana Nizhny Novgorod, Kanavino futhi Sormovo, kamuva elaba ingxenye yedolobha, ukuthuthukiswa esebenzayo ye umkhakha lithole. Ekhulwini le-19 (iminyaka engu-60) ujantshi owawuse lapha. Ngo-1896 yabonakala imoto yokuqala.

ukuthuthukiswa Active komnotho sabonakala inani imiphetho sabantu. Isibalo izakhamuzi Nizhny Novgorod ikhuphuke kakhulu kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19 (14 eziyinkulungwane.) Ukuze 1913 (111 ayizinkulungwane.).

okumunyu

amandla Soviet esifundazweni abangu uyekwa. Enkabeni yedolobha lalenziwa Nizhegorodschiny. Ngo-1932, i-Nizhny Novgorod yokudumisa abadumile umbhali-Countryman M. Gorky wathola igama lakhe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ke iqala umsebenzi wayo Gaz imoto plant, okuyinto manje izinkampani ezinkulu kuleli dolobha. Esikhathini 30s embonini ekhulwini lama-20 ekuthuthukiseni ikakhulukazi ngokushesha. Ngu 1941 (ekuqaleni ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe), Gorky laba isikhungo ngobukhulu yezimboni eSoviet Union. Ekupheleni kuka-30 zaleli dolobha liye landa ayizinkulungwane 643. Abantu.

impi

Phakathi nempi e Gorky ukhiqiza eliningi omkhulu kanye nezinhlamvu nezempi. I Gaz abadumile isibe enye yezindawo ezinkulu kakhulu umkhakha ukuzivikela izindawo.

Ngo ngemva kwempi yonke le minyaka, Gorky yaba yesayensi, ezimbonini, amasiko kanye ezokuthutha isikhungo.

aphansi namuhla

Ekuqaleni kwawo-90 sika labantu kulo muzi lafinyelela abantu 1.435.000. (4 th indawo Russian Federation). Ngo-1990, Nizhny Novgorod igama zomlando esebuyile. Lesi kwakuyisiqalo kwesikhathi yakamuva nomlando wayo.

Namuhla, Nizhny Novgorod iyisikhungo enkulu umkhakha yelwati, zemfundo nesayensi. Umuzi izivakashi eziningi ngoba izikhumbuzo zamasiko, zomlando yezakhiwo yayo. Ngu isinqumo we-UNESCO, Nizhny Novgorod wajoyina uhlu elihloniphekile emadolobheni eziyikhulu emhlabeni nge ezinkulukazi ukubaluleka zomlando namasiko.

division yokuqondisa

Oka Nizhny Novgorod ihlukane izingxenye 2. Ngokusemthethweni bebizwa Nagorno Zarechnoye nezifunda zokuphatha. Modern isakhiwo sokuphatha Nizhny Novgorod ekugcineni kwakhiwa 1970. Nanamuhla idolobha ihlukaniswe 8 nezifunda. Sezintaba District siqukethe ezindaweni ezintathu: eSoviet, Nizhny Novgorod futhi Prioksky. Ngo Zarechny kuhlanganisa Sormovskiy, Kanavinsky, Leninsky, Avtozavodskaya nesifunda eMoscow.

Nizhny Novgorod, lahlukaniswa Oka, unezinye iziqu bendabuko. It liqukethe izingxenye ezimbili, ngokusho izakhamuzi zakhona - the "engenhla" (aka - "umuzi") futhi "phansi". Ngakho ngolimi Nizhny Novgorod ngokuthi ogwini ezimbili edolobheni.

Isakhiwo lezi zindawo zazihlanganisa nemizana nantathu: Eduze edolobhaneni Konstantinovo, Beshentsevo, Kuznechikha, Mordvintseva, Lyakhov, Olgino, New, Novopokrovskiy, ukulungiswa kabusha (Sloboda); nemizana: Ray Birch futhi kwimfunda, "Suburban" (Uchkhoz), Green City (iholidi isigodi).

Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke ezindaweni kuyinto Avtozavodskii kanye kulencane ngobukhulu futhi elinabantu abaningi lapho - endaweni Leninsky.

isikhungo

Ummeleli evamile wesifunda yilona Nizhny Novgorod esifundeni. Cishe yonke indawo isifunda isikhungo esingokomlando zaleli dolobha. Nizhniy Novgorod bangaziqhayisa zalo ezikhangayo. Phakathi kwabo kukhona ezinye ezidinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile.

Sekuyisikhathi eside isikhungo (Nizhny Novgorod izihambi umema izivakashi lapha) inezingxenye eziningana:

• Ezibiyele (esisogwini entabeni Zonke).
• Posad engenhla (eningizimu eseduze ezibiyele).
• Lower Posad (esisogwini loMfula Oka futhi iVolga nemifula).
• Zapochaine (okuphambene engenhla Posada Pochaina ogwini lomfula).
• I-scallop (ku Yarilin entabeni).
• New Ukwakhiwa (Southern Omkhulu-Burg).
• Sloboda: Panskaya, Annunciation, Soldier, Akulinina.

Ethandwa kakhulu phakathi izivakashi endaweni lokuqala, Nizhny Novgorod ezibiyele, ifakwe ticongotekulindza eziningi. indawo yaso UMikayeli Ingelosi Eyinhloko Cathedral, wakha phakathi nawo ngekhulu le-16. Central sikwele - sq. Minin futhi Pozharsky - kuthatha Dmitrovskaya umbhoshongo, "emnyango main" kuya Kremlin. iqala emgwaqweni oseduze. Pokrovskaya, kuyinto ozithandayo ukuhamba endaweni yezivakashi kanye nezakhamuzi Nizhny Novgorod ngokwabo.

Imigwaqo ephakathi ye Nizhny Novgorod esifundeni, indawo Minin, Pokrovskaya, yashayisa unqenqema Fyodorovsky futhi Upper iVolga akugcini nje iso, kodwa bakwazi ukutshela okuningi ngomlando edolobheni. Akwaziwa lonke elaseRussia Nizhny Novgorod ezibiyele, Chkalov ezitebhisini, Comedy Theatre, Opera and Theatre Ballet, Drama Theatre kuyingxenye ezikhangayo nsuku zonke izivakashi eziningi.

Nizhny Novgorod esifundeni - isayithi esiyinhloko ukwakhiwa okunethezeka izindlu. Kudos endaweni kanye nezindleko zayo eziphakeme zingezezimbuzi yokuthi izindleko izindlu lapha isesikhathini ayizinkulungwane 130. Hlikihla. ngamunye imitha square. Lokhu ingaphezu kwe-asesilinganisweni edolobheni sikhiqize inani eliphindwe kabili. Leli bhokisi eqolo kuyinto isikhungo esingokomlando. It is zazikujabulela Elingenhla iVolga yashayisa unqenqema: kusukela amafasitela endlu yakhe inikeza umbono omangalisayo we iVolga. Endaweni kukhona izakhiwo ifakwe ukuxhumana ezihlakaniphile ukuphathwa uhlelo, e-pass uhlelo, video ukubhekwa, penthouses, ukulawula isimo sezulu, nokunye.

Emigwaqweni, kancane xaxa ibanga kusuka isikhungo, ungathola izinga kodwa izindlu ethengekayo. Inani ngalinye imitha square esicini esithile izindlu zomphakathi - ruble 38 000.

Sormovo

Isakhiwo wengxenye nengezansi yedolobha okwenzeka kamuva. Zonke izindawo uvele lapha kabusha emhlabeni izikhungo yezimboni - izimboni. Ingxenye engezansi - ke wadalwa eyisidalwa "ukusebenza" Nizhny Novgorod. Sormovo wesifunda, ezazidume ngokutshala zabasebenzi yayo amakhosi, nabanye, kufakwe Zarechny isifunda esiphethe, zakhiwa wakha ukuqinisekisa ekusebenzeni amabhizinisi. Izakhamuzi endaweni kwenziwe kutholakale zonke izinzuzo ezidingekayo: izindlu kanye egalaji co-op, evulekile izitolo kweminyango, amachibi okubhukuda, njll ayehlelwe ku ..

Isizukulwane esidala, kwezakhamuzi zokuqala we Sormovo wesifunda, okubizwa ngokuthi sormovchane okuphila kusukela ebusheni bakhe, futhi grey izinwele inikezwe ukusebenza amabhizinisi, khumbula ukuthi njalo ekuseni ngiphaphama imboni endaweni izingcingo, nedlelo kakhulu izitshalo uqale ukuya emsebenzini.

Kwakuba nezikhathi lapho ukunciphisa isidingo sabantu ukunyakaza phakathi izifunda, kuhlanganise phakathi ezingwini okuphambene imifula. Namuhla motorization jikelele ukuqinisekisa ukunyakaza abushelelezi notshwala womuntu kusukela esigabeni engenhla engezansi, noHezekeli.

Sormovo wesifunda baba ingxenye Nizhny Novgorod ngo-1928. Ngaphambi kwalokho, waphatha endaweni Balakhninskye, ngaphezu, okwesikhathi esithile lahlala isimo emzini ezizimele. endaweni Centre shipbuilding giant - ifektri "Red Sormovo". Kuyinto inkampani esikhulu kunazo zonke eRussia, oveza ngwenya, abathwali ngobuningi, futhi ngesikhathi sempi - amathangi.

Ngo Sormovo yilezi: epaki, umtapo, cinema, eziyinxanxathela, ezokuthutha impambano ezinhle. Isici kwendawo wukuthi eduze kwesitolo agqamile izakhiwo nge yesimanje eziyinxanxathela komakhelwane ngokushesha kukhona ezimbili storey lokhuni "emabhalekisini abasebenzi 'kwekhulu le-19. Izinhlaka eziyisisekelo kukhona 5- futhi 9 storey izakhiwo esakhiwe phakathi nekhulu lama-20. Le ndawo ithuba ikakhulukazi ezikhangayo ukuthenga indlu, okuyinto ezingabizi kakhulu kuleli dolobha.

Ngokusho abahlaziyi, emigwaqweni Nizhny Novgorod, lapho kukhona indlu nge amafulethi ezishibhile kakhulu (kusuka 28 000 deda. Per sq. M), atholakala Sormovo. Lokhu st. Yemihlaba kanye Dubravnaya. Kodwa kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi zingabantu ngalo kanye emaphethelweni omuzi. Indawo lapha izinga kuhle abampofu. Kuyadingeka ukuba acabangele yokuthi eziseduze ujantshi. Ukuthola lapha, uzodinga njalo ekuseni ukuma esiminyaminyeni sezimoto phezu yokuwela.

endaweni eMoscow

On lasenyakatho ngasemfuleni Sormovo wesifunda, eningizimu - kanye Kanavinskaya elisemngceleni nesifunda eMoscow. Nizhny Novgorod othambekele uyaziqhenya yomlando wawo okhazimulayo nobuqhawe. Ayikho indima kancane okhazimulayo ebalulekile endaweni udlala zokuphila kwanamuhla komuzi.

Sangena indlela yokwakheka yakubo Birch kwimfunda kakhulu side usuke entshonalanga uye empumalanga imingcele wesifunda. Enyakatho-mpumalanga insimu yalo inomngcele ngaseMfuleni iVolga. Isibalo izakhamizi lapha - abantu abangaphezu kuka-12 eziyinkulungwane (ngokuvumelana 2012) .. endaweni Square 3 amahektha, ukwanda kwabantu :. 1 ha - abantu mayelana 46. Igama wesifunda etholakele endleleni eMoscow, mgwaqo, oyingxenye emendweni sikahulumeni.

I engavamile esifundeni laseMoscow kuyinto lokuhlushwa abalulekile umsebenzi ungaphazanyiswa wamabhizinisi kuyisayensi nakwezezimboni ezikhiqiza nemishini ngwenya, izindiza, njll otshalayo: Mechanical Engineering, Aviation ( "Ukhozi"), ehamba phambili inhlangano Russian womklamo amandla enuzi ubunjiniyela - OKBM .. Afrikantov nabanye. Kukhona axazulule abenza lezi amabhizinisi, kanye nalabo abadinga indawo yokuhlala engabizi endaweni sasivumela nokunokuthula ngokuzinikela ingqalasizinda asethuthukile.

Ukuze sizijabulise esifundeni Moscow kukhona ukuzilibazisa epaki, le nkundla "Flight" zoo "Limpopo", enkulu kunazo zonke kuleli dolobha, okuyinto edonsela imindeni enezingane.

Indawo lapha umelwe ngekwehlukahlukana kwalo, kodwa namanje ubuswa Khrushchev abadumile. amakhaya okusha Kwakhiwa akuyona matasa. Izindleko kwezindlu endaweni - kusukela ama-ruble ayizigidi 38.

Emkhakheni athuthukile ukuhweba, ingqalasizinda kanye zokuhamba, amasiko nezemfundo.

amagama emigwaqo

Imigwaqo Nizhny Novgorod eziningi iziqu egcinwe kumemori zomlando. Ngokwesibonelo, igama lomgwaqo. Talus (Piskunov lamanje) livela egameni "talus" (indunduma) futhi uyakhumbula nezivikelo eyakhelwe lapha. Iningi, Small futhi 3rd Yamskaya Yamskaya yaqanjwa umzana Sekuyisikhathi eside abashayeli wahlala. amagama Street Kovaliha, Kuznechikha, Isipina, intambo, yezokuhwebelana kanye nabanye. Evolved kusukela izifundo zakhona. Ngesikhathi enhliziyweni amagama womgwaqo. Netikhulu sika (Okthoba) kanye Meshchanskaya (Brothers Matusow) itholakala ezigodlweni isimo. amagama Street banikwa ngokuhambisana amagama etholakala eduze amathempeli Orthodox: .. Alexander iNeva, Ukuvikelwa (Lesibanti Amancane) Tikhonovskaya, Varvarskaya Alekseevskaya, Christmas, njll Eminyakeni Soviet emgwaqweni ogama lakhe behlonipha wamavukelambuso: Sverdlov Figner Volodarsky Dzerzhinsky et al.

amakhodi we-zip

Indices of Nizhny Novgorod zingatholakala ngokuhlwaya emithombolwazini imeyili abasebenzi noma ngokuvula "uhlu Uniform amakhodi eposi edolobheni" kuwebhusayithi. Lapha ungafunda hhayi kuphela idatha nobe emigwacweni yase dolobheni. Bheka "Nizhny Novgorod Izinkomba" kutawuniketa lwati ingxenye kwasezindaweni edolobheni. Abasebenzisi kufanele bazi ukuthi uhlu lokuqala zitholakala indices zasemizaneni naphakathi, bese - ezitaladini ne izinombolo amagama ezitaladini futhi wahlela ngama-alfabethi.

Ibanga kuya eMoscow

Abantu abaningi bayazibuza ukuthi yini ibanga phakathi eMoscow Nizhny Novgorod. Eminye imithombo ukunikeza izimpendulo eziphikisanayo. Ngakho, enye phambili idatha ngemoto emgwaqweni, ibanga kusuka eMoscow kuya Wehlisa Novgorod kuyinto 421 km, ngendlela iqonde indlela obuphelele kungaba mfushane (402 km). Ukuze unqobe ingxenye indlela phakathi Lower Novgorod futhi eMoscow ngemoto amahora 6 21 imiz. Emazweni lapho bamukela uhlelo non-imethrikhi wezinyathelo (ibanga ulinganiswa amamayela) - 262 amamayela. Abanye abaye babike ukuthi lokhu ibanga ukuze Idrayivu 419 km. Izikhangibavakashi Isikhathi - 5 h 42 imiz. umoya endleleni Ubude km 400. Isikhathi - 40 imizuzu. Abanye balinganisela ukuthi indlela emfushane kusukela phansi kuya eMoscow - 413 km. Le ndlela ligijima edolobheni laseVladimir. On imoto yakhe okungase kunqotshwe ngayo amahora 6 futhi imizuzu engu-15. Kodwa uma uVladimir dlula, lokhu ibanga kuyoba isikhathi eside kunaleso 3 km. Kuzoba 416 km, kanye nesikhathi sokuhamba kuyehla mayelana 25 imizuzu.

Ibanga kuya Petersburg

Hhayi ezingabalulekile kangako kuba mbuzo, uyini ibanga kusuka Nizhny Novgorod ukuze Petersburg. Ibanga ukusuka Nizhny Novgorod ukuba Petersburg, njengoba siqinisekiswa by abahambi eziningi: endleleni - 1 126 km emgceni locondzile - 896 km. Isikhathi unqobe lo ibanga emshinini - 16 h 01 imiz. Ngokusho kohlelo non-imethrikhi yokukala indlela obuphelele kusukela Petersburg ukuba Nizhny Novgorod - amamayela 700.