Isakhiwo leukocyte womuntu. Izici isakhiwo kwamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi

Igazi ngokuqhubekayo ukhiphela uhlelo isitsha igazi. Yena wenza emzimbeni kuba imisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu: ukuphefumula, ezokuthutha, ukuphepha kanye zokulawula, ukuhlinzeka njalo imvelo zomzimba zangaphakathi.

Igazi - ingenye ezicutshini, esakhiwa lomcebo intercellular ketshezi kokuba Ukwakheka kuyinkimbinkimbi. Kuhlanganisa plasma bese amaseli okwesikhashana therein noma okuthiwa egazi: leukocyte, erythrocyte nama-platelet. Kuyaziwa ukuthi 1 mm ³ wegazi leukocyte ivela 5 izinkulungwane 8 RBCs - 4.5 kuya 5 million, nama-platelet -. 200 kuya ayizinkulungwane 400.

Inani igazi emzimbeni Umuntu ophilile udinga mayelana 4.5 kuya 5 amalitha. 55-60% of ivolumu elalihlala plasma, futhi izakhi ukwakha kuyinto 40-45% wezindleko. A-plasma - uketshezi ayevumela aphuzi, ngaphakathi kwalo kukhona amanzi (90%), izinto eziphilayo futhi wezinto ezingaphili, amavithamini, amino acid, ama-hormone, metabolites.

Isakhiwo amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi

White egazi - kuyinto amaseli weengazi, okuyizinto cytoplasm kungekho nto enemibala emihle. Bona ingatholakala plasma yegazi kanye lymph. Ngokuvamile benjalo amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, banayo i-nucleus, kodwa abanayo umumo njalo. Lona izici isakhi amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi. La mangqamuzana akhiwa ubende, izindlala zamanzi, umnkantsha. Izici isakhiwo kwamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi ukunquma ubude bokuphila kwabo, kuba 2 kuya ku-4 izinsuku. Ngemva kwalokho, bachotshozwe e ubende.

Amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi: lokuphatselene nesakhiwo nemsebenti

Uma sicabangela izici tekusebentisa morphological amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, kungashiwo ukuthi zingabantu amangqamuzana avamile aqukethe i-nucleus futhi protoplasm. Umsebenzi wawo oyinhloko ukuvikela umzimba kusuka izinto eziyingozi. leukocyte isakhiwo ebavumela ukuba abhubhise eziphilayo bezinye izizwe sezifakiwe umzimba, basuke nabo babehileleke kakhulu izinqubo ezihlukahlukene sokugembula kuvamise kubuhlungu futhi ezihlukahlukene (isib, ukuvuvukala ukuphendula). Kodwa isakhiwo se-leukocyte womuntu ahlukahlukene. Abanye babo baye isakhiwo luyimbudumbudu ka protoplasm (granulocytes), kwabanye akukho okusanhlamvu (agranulocytes). Cabangela lezi zinhlobo amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi kabanzi.

Ukwehlukahluka kwezimangaliso leukocyte

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi zihlukile, futhi zingahlukaniswa ngokubukeka, lokuphatselene nesakhiwo nemsebenti. Lona izici isakhi leukocyte womuntu.

Ngakho, ubheke granulocytes:

• basophils;
• neutrophil;
• eosinophils.

Agranulocytes emelelwa lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo amaseli:

• lymphocyte;
• monocytes.

basophils

Lona okungenani eziningi cell uhlobo egazini ezingeqi kwezingu-1% inani eliphelele amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi. Ukwakheka leukocyte (basophils futhi ngokuqondile) elula. Ziyakwazi oyindilinga, abe core ihlukene noma agwaze. I cytoplasm iqukethe ezahlukene umumo kanye nosayizi elimbudumbudu kokuba umbala omnyama onsomi, ukubukeka ziyafana caviar. Lezi elimbudumbudu abizwa ngokuthi stippling basophilic. Ziqukethe molecule zokulawula, ama-enzyme, amaprotheni.

Basophils esuka umnkantsha, amaseli lisuselwa myeloblasts basophilic. Ngemva ukhule ngokugcwele, bangena igazi, isikhathi ekubeni khona kwabo kungekho izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezimbili. Ngemva amaseli angene ezicutshini zomzimba, kodwa kwenzekani ngemva kwalokho ayaziwa kubo.

Ngaphandle kokuba yingxenye ukusabela ukuvuvukala, basophils kungehlisa igazi ekunqandeni futhi ukuthi bazimbandakanye phakathi ukushaqeka anaphylactic.

neutrophil

Neutrophil egazini kufika ku-70% azo zonke leukocyte. cytoplasm yabo iqukethe elimbudumbudu violet ansundu umbala, benesimo okusanhlamvu okuhle, okungase ezinemibala nge udayi kokungathathi hlangothi ukuphendula.

Neutrophil - amaseli amhlophe egazi, isakhiwo iseli okuyinto engavamile. Basuke laphetha, kodwa ekujuleni kwenhliziyo kufana Wand (amaseli "abasha") noma 3-5 izingxenye, okuyinto axhunyiwe ngu imicu mncane (kulapho "abavuthiwe 'cell).

Zonke neutrophil akhiqizwa umnkantsha ithambo kusukela myeloblasts neutrophil. iseli Mature uhlala amaviki 2 kuphela, khona-ke libhujiswa ngo ubende noma isibindi.

Neutrophil e cytoplasm yabo ine kuze 250 izinhlobo granules. Bonke aqukethe bactericides, ama-enzyme, amangqamuzana omoya zokulawula ezisiza neutrophil ukugcwalisa imisebenzi yayo. Zivikela umzimba esebenzisa phagocytosis (inqubo lapho neutrophil efanelekayo amagciwane noma igciwane, ithumba ihamba wangaphakathi enzyme zithutha ebhubhisa ejenti pathogenic). Ngokwesibonelo, omunye cell neutrophil singadambisa afika kwangu-7 amagciwane. It is zihilelekile ukuvuvukala.

eosinophils

leukocyte isakhiwo esifana nomunye. Eosinophil Ubuye ukuma oyindilinga kanye segmental noma i-nucleus induku emise. Ngo le cytoplasm kukhona elimbudumbudu enkulu nesimo esifanayo kanye nosayizi, umbala owolintshi, okusikhumbuza caviar. Ngo ngezithako zawo inamaprotheni, phospholipids kanye enzyme.

Eosinophil kwakheka umnkantsha ka myeloblast eosinophilic. Kukhona-ke isuka kuzinsuku 8 kuya ku-15, bese uya ku-nezicubu kukhona nabo imvelo bangaphandle.

Eosinophil futhi fagozitozu onekhono, kodwa kwenye indawo (amathumbu, ngomgudu womchamo, ipheshana zokuphefumula nolwelwesi lwamafinyila). Ubuye ukwenzani ukuvela nokuthuthukiswa komzimba nezinto.

lymphocyte

Ama-lymphocyte abe ukuma oyindilinga kanye lobehlukene, kanye nokubuya nucleus ezinkulu. Babonakala umnkantsha we lymphoblasts. Lymphocyte sihamba inqubo ekhethekile ukukhula kusukela lokhu seholide. Umzimba womuntu ungakwazi ukuhlinzeka zonke ezihlukahlukene izimpendulo mzimba, ukudala amasosha omzimba.

Ama-lymphocyte, okuyinto ekugcineni wavuthwa e thymus - T-lymphocyte e ubende noma lymph node - indiza iB-lymphocyte. Iseli yokuqala lincane. Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezihlukene lymphocyte has isilinganiso 80%: 20% ngokulandelana. Wonke amaseli ukuphila cishe 90 izinsuku.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko - kuyisivikelo zazo Kwenziwa ngokubamba iqhaza eyingozi mzimba. T lymphocyte bekwi phagocytosis nezimpendulo mzimba ababiziweyo ukumelana non-ethize (ngokumelene wonke amagciwane abangela izifo, la mangqamuzana ziyafana). Kodwa ama-B cell uyakwazi kokukhiqiza amasosha omzimba (ama-molecule ethize) enqubeni icala lokubhidliza amagciwane. Ngalunye oluphilayo zakwazi webhaktheriya kuzala izinto ezikhethekile ongabhubhisa kuphela laba basebenzi elimazayo. B cell unikeze ukumelana athize iqondiswa ikakhulukazi ngokumelene amagciwane, kodwa hhayi ama-virus.

monocyte

Kuseli, monocyte kungekho graininess. Lena cell ukuma kahle esikhulu esingunxantathu kokuba core ezinkulu, okungaba emabhontjisi-okwenyanga, nxazonke, induku, lomshini bese ifomu ihlukene.

It kuvela kusukela monocyte monoblasta umnkantsha. Esikhathini igazi, ukuphila kwakhe kwesikhathi sokuphila kubalulekile amahora angu-48 kuya ku-96. Ngemva kwalokho, ingxenye monocytes uyabhujiswa, kanti enye ingxenye yaba iya ezicutshini lapho "ukuvuthwa", avele ama-macrophage. Monocytes kukhona amaseli ngobukhulu igazi kokuba round noma i-nucleus okusaqanda yakha cytoplasm blue ne inombolo enkulu voids (vacuoles), ukuthi sinike ukubukeka foamy.

Ama-macrophage emisipheni yomzimba bangaphila izinyanga eziningana, lapho iphuma ingena noma umhlali amaseli (uhlale kule ndawo).

Monocyte akwazi molecule zokulawula ezahlukene kanye enzyme ukuthi bayakwazi ukuthuthukisa impendulo ukuvuvukala, noma okuphambene nalokho, ukuze walaphula. Basiza ukusheshisa le nqubo zokuphulukisa. Ukukhuthaza ukukhula ithambo izicubu kanye nokubuyiselwa yezinzwa. Macrophage e nezicubu umsebenzi zokuzivikela. It kuvimbela ukuphindwaphindwa amagciwane.

erythrocyte

Ekhona erythrocyte igazi leukocyte. Ukwakheka kwazo ngokwama nemisebenzi zihlukile komunye nomunye. Ingqamuzana elibomvu legazi kuyinto kuseli has ukuma disk biconcave. It ayiqukethe nje nengaphakathi futhi iningi cytoplasm usesikhundleni amaprotheni, okuthiwa i-hemoglobin. Siqukethe yensimbi namaprotheni part-athomu, it has a isakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi. I-hemoglobin ithwala umoya-mpilo emzimbeni.

Amangqamuzana abomvu egazi avele umnkantsha amaseli erythroblasts. Iningi abomvu egazi biconcave ukuma, kanye nezinye zingahluka. Ngokwesibonelo, ngezinye izikhathi ingaba umthombo eyindilinga, okusaqanda, ulunywe yisilwane, nezitsha, njll D. It is ezingase ukuma amaseli iphazamiseke ngenxa yezifo ezihlukahlukene ezaziwayo. Ingqamuzana ngalinye elibomvu legazi atholakala igazi kuzinsuku ezingu-90 120, futhi ngemva kwalokho uyafa. Hemolysis - erythrocyte ekubhujisweni lomkhuba wokuthi kwenzeka ikakhulukazi ubende nezitsha isibindi igazi.

platelet

Isakhiwo leukocyte nama-platelet ubuye ezahlukene. Ama-platelet I awanayo i-nucleus, amaseli letiyindilinga encane noma kobujamo obusaqanda. Uma lezi amaseli esebenzayo, bese akha amaqhubu, ziyafana inkanyezi. Ama-platelet I zenzeka umnkantsha ka megakaryoblasts. "Sebenza" konke abangu-8 kuya 11 izinsuku, bese befa esibindini, ubende noma emaphashini.

Platelet umsebenzi kubaluleke kakhulu. Bayakwazi ukugcina ubuqotho odongeni semithambo, uyibuyisele uma umonakalo. Ama-platelet I akha thrombus futhi ngaleyo ndlela ukopha.