Intelligence Israeli: igama, isiqubulo. Njengoba okukhulunywe amalungu intelligence Israeli?

Okuhle bezobunhloli bezilokhu isiqinisekiso lekusimama isimo. Enye yezinhlangano onegunya kunabo kuwukuhlakanipha Israeli. Izenzakalo zenzeka emhlabeni ukuba khona kwezinceku uMbuso Wakwa-Israyeli, bamxosha ukwakha inethiwekhi eqinile ejenti. Ake sizwe ukuthi yini igama intelligence Israeli, ukubheka umlando walo imigomo esungulwe phambi kwakhe.

Isendlalelo ukudalwa bezobunhloli

intelligence Israeli ngomqondo othile yayikhona eside ngaphambi ukuvela uMbuso Wakwa-Israyeli. Emuva ngo-1929 kwaba khona inhlangano ekhethekile, eyayizoba ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha amaJuda ahlala Palestine, ukuhlasela ama-Arabhu, futhi ukunikeza imihubhe ukuthuthela emthethweni Israyeli. It ngokuthi isevisi "Shay." Ubethula zihilelekile wekuhlanganisa ejenti phakathi ama-Arabhu.

Ngemva ukuthola wekuba sive Israeli ngo-1948, kwakunabamemezeli enjalo injongo inhlangano ekhethekile njengoba Aman kanye "Shabak" owalalela wezokuvikela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Ministry of Foreign Affairs, kwakukhona inhlangano yangasese Ohlakaniphile imisebenzi - nokubusa zezombusazwe.

Nokho, inhlangano yonke minyango ayiyinhle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bancintisane, Wayevame ukubenzela bayishaye ukuthi umonakalo inflict. Khona-ke uhulumeni Israeli baqala ukucabanga mayelana nokudala isevisi olulodwa zezobunhloli imodeli American.

Elivela kuzo "Mossad"

Modern intelligence Israeli ubizwa ngokuthi "Mossad". Izimo ngenhla ziye zabangela lasungulwa. intelligence Israeli, "Mossad" lahlelwa ngo-April 1951. Phakathi indalo yayo wathatha ingxenye oqondile, uNdunankulu Israeli David Ben-Gurion.

"Mossad" lenzeka nokuhlanganiswa we "Central Institute for Intelligence nokuphepha" futhi "emaphakathi yekuchumanisa isikhungo." Umqondisi lokuqala le nhlangano entsha baba Reuven aseShilowa ageleza, wethiwa uMnu Intelligence, okuyinto ngqo ongaphansi uBheni-Gurion.

Iminyaka yokuqala khona

Yiqiniso, hhayi nje intelligence Israeli "Mossad" usezuze yesiphathimandla emhlabeni, hhayi nje kuye ekugcineni lokho kwaletha. Ngokushesha nje lapho iminyaka bakwazi ujike le nhlangano ibe indlela kahle zokusebenza. Ekuqaleni, "Mossad" wayengekho ngisho ukuphila emisebenzini yalo nasesibonelweni, Ngakho-ke, kuze kube sasidinga ukuba ejenti kusuka kwamanye wevikeleko wakwa-Israyeli ngo-1957.

Ngo-1952, Reuven aseShilowa ageleza, ngoba siqaphela ukuthi umsebenzi kakhulu ngaye, basula. I-Israeli inkonzo intelligence lithole inhloko entsha - Isser Harel. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wayengesona ophethe nezinye izinhlangano injongo ekhethekile. Ukuthi empeleni udumo ekudalweni kwendoda nowesifazane "Mossad" intelligence okusezingeni eliphezulu isakhiwo. Akumangalisi ukuthi uDavide uBheni-Gurion wanika Harel Memune isidlaliso ukuthi uhumusha kusuka isiHeberu ngokuthi "wemfanelo." Futhi ngempela Isser Harel afaneleke inhlangano imisebenzi amasevisi yengqondo isibopho esiphelele. Nguye ngokuyinhloko ukweleta ukuvela yayo intelligence Israeli. Igama ngenkathi Harel wema oshayelayo lwezokuphepha, kuzwakala kwenkathi Memune.

ukuhlelwa kabusha inkathi

Isser Harel sidalwe intelligence yesimanje Israeli, kodwa ekuqaleni kwawo-60-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu elidlule babexabene sína UNdunankulu uDavid Ben-Gurion, omehlo kumasevisi imfihlo owayebizwa Old Man. Ngenxa yalokhu ukungqubuzana Memune basula. Inhloko entsha "Mossad" kwaba umphathi wangaphambili intelligence lempi, Meir Amit, ngaleso sikhathi, ukuba elisezingeni uMajor General.

Isser Harel kudale ngempumelelo intelligence isakhiwo, kodwa izitayela ezintsha safuna kabusha kuwo. Ikakhulukazi, enye yezinselele ezinkulu kwaba ukwethulwa computerization kanye nokwenza kahle abasebenzi "Mossad". Lezi izinkinga ukuba ixazululwe Meir Amit, futhi babhekana nazo imisebenzi. Okokuqala, Amit ngaphambilini ukuze uchithe labo abasebenzi abangafuni nezimfuneko zawo. Yena uye wazakhela indlela entsha ukuhlela amasu kanye kuqalwe kusetshenziswe ama-eziphambili Imininingwane ubuchwepheshe.

Merit "Mossad" kwaba iqiniso lokuthi ngaphambi eziyisithupha neMpi Day, uhulumeni Israeli yaziwa lonke ulwazi olufanele mayelana isitha, futhi ngenxa yalokho, kulula ukuthi iwine Arab sokusebenzisana amabutho okusetshenziswe Israyeli.

Kodwa konke akukwazi bushelelezi futhi i-Israeli inkonzo intelligence iyathinteka. Sekube eziningi ukwehluleka futhi amahlazo, edume kakhulu owenzeka ngo-1965, lapho e-Paris "Mossad" wathunjwa wabulawa esinye sezikhulu zezombangazwe Moroccan Ben Barka. Lo mcimbi okubangelwa intukuthelo umongameli French yomfowabo kaCharles de Gaulle. Nehlazo wakhonza njengephayona uNdunankulu wakwa-Israyeli Levi Eshkol ibhaxa okuhlelekileko ukuxoshwa Meir Amit ngo-1968. Lapho empeleni isizathu sangempela kwaba isifiso ukubona Eshkol oshayelayo lomuntu amasevisi ekhethekile, ayekwazi ukuphatha.

Umlando okwalandela "Mossad"

Inhloko entsha "Mossad" kwaba Zvi Zamir. Uma ngaphambilini imisebenzi bezobunhloli yakwa-Israyeli ngokuyinhloko uthi ezinika ingozi lempi kuye, manje intelligence Israeli igxile ekulweni amaqembu amaphekula, ukuhlela kwamaphekula ngokumelene Israyeli. Lokufaneleka ikakhulukazi lolu daba usezuze ngemva kokuhlasela kwamaphekula e-Olympics Munich ngo-1972.

Lokhu focus ngokweqile phezu wokulwa nobuphekula kwaba isizathu ukuthi uhulumeni Israeli kwaba ukubhekana ekuqaleni Okthoba nempi umfelandawonye amazwe Arab 1973. Nakuba ekugcineni, Israyeli abehlula beyibiza kuye ukulahleka mikhulu wezisebenzi. Lokhu ukwehluleka kwaba isizathu esiyinhloko ushintsho lwekhanda "Mossad". umqondisi okusha esimisiwe Yitzhak Hofi. Ngokukhethekile wakhokha ukunqanda hlelo Iraq kwezikhali zenuzi ngawo ukuba babhekane ngokuphumelelayo. Kodwa Hofi waba nomqondo esindayo-kuhle, futhi ngo-1982 washiya isikhundla sakhe.

Eminyakeni engamashumi amabili ezayo, abaholi "Mossad" babemiswa Nahume Admoni, Shabtai Shavit, uDanny Yatom, Efraim Halevy. Ukusebenza ngempumelelo kakhulu nale nkathi 1988 kwaba ukuqedwa omunye wabaholi godu Fatah Abu Jyhad. Kodwa kule nkathi yesikhathi futhi kwadingeka nabaningi ukwehluleka. Lokhu kancane libukelwa phansi idumela ngaphambi cishe lihle "Mossad".

Isikhathi zanamuhla imisebenzi "Mossad"

Ngo-2002, inhloko yabangamashumi "Mossad" kwaba Meir Dogan. Wabamba izinguquko ezintsha kwenhlangano. Ngokusho kwakhe, "Mossad" kwadingeka ukuba afeze imisebenzi ezithile ezihlose ukulwa nobuphekula hhayi kuphindaphindeke umsebenzi wenye i-Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Ngaphansi kobuholi Dogan lwenziwe eziningi lisebenze ngempumelelo ukubhubhisa izinhloko izinhlangano amaphekula.

Ngo-2011, kusho uNdunankulu Netanyahu wanquma amabombo "Mossad" esikhundleni. Inhloko entsha kwenhlangano kwakuya Tamir Pardo. Nokho, uyaqhubeka "Mossad" emgqeni, ezakhiwe eyandulela wakhe, nakuba ngesikhathi Pardo ukuphathwa ziye zashintsha izisebenzi abalulekile.

Igama yisiqubulo "Mossad"

Abantu abaningi bayazibuza ukuthi kungani intelligence Israeli wabiza "Mossad". Akukhona emelela kanye isifinyezo we igama eliphelele, ngesiHebheru kuzwakala ha-Mossad le-Modiin e meyuhadim al-tafkidim, okuyinto uhumusha njengoba "intelligence imisebenzi ekhethekile neminyango". Ngakho, inguqulo yezwi nezwi yegama elithi "Mossad" - ". IHhovisi"

Sama-Israeli intelligence isevisi "Mossad" - ikhotheshini kusuka encwadini yezAga sikaSolomoni: "Lapho kungekho iseluleko, abantu bayawa, kepha nabeluleki abaningi." Lokhu isiqubulo kusho ukuthi ukuqaphela - isihluthulelo khona ngempumelelo isimo. Kuyinto umzamo yakamuva ukugcizelela ifa UMbuso wakwaIsrayeli wanamuhla ukuze umbuso wakwaJuda lasendulo.

Izinjongo kanye ohlakeni lwale nhlangano "Mossad"

Yezinjongo eziyinhloko "Mossad" kuyinto baqoqe phesheya ngokusebenzisa inethiwekhi ejenti, ukuhlaziya idatha eqoqwe nokuziphatha imisebenzi ekhethekile phesheya.

Inhloko yenhlangano "Mossad" engumqondisi ngubani ngqo ongaphansi izinhloko zeminyango eziyishumi, izinhloko izinkomba eyinhloko umsebenzi abophiko lwezokuphepha.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi, naphezu ngokucacile imisebenzi yayo, "Mossad" liyinhlangano civil kunokuba isakhiwo lempi. Ngakho-ke, ngo-service intelligence azikho isikhundla kwezempi. Nokho, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi inani eliphakeme kangaka labantu, kokubili kusuka abaphathi kanye kusukela isikhundla futhi ifayela amalungu "Mossad", kufanele anolwazi ibutho.

ukuhlinzwa Famous

Inhlangano ka "Mossad" emlandweni ukhona, aphethwe inqwaba imisebenzi ekhethekile ezahlukene.

Ukusebenza lokuqala, okuyinto wathola udumo emhlabeni wonke, kwaba ukuthumba 1960 empi amaNazi lobugebengu Adolfa Eyhmana wase-Argentina, asolwa kohlanga amaJuda phakathi neMpi Yezwe II. Yini eyayibangele lokho ngokushesha benecala Israyeli futhi isigwebo sokufa ngokungafanele. "Mossad" iye yaqinisekisa ngokusemthethweni ubuholi bayo yenqubo lungabanjwa.

ukusebenza Resonant kwaba 1962-1963 sika "Inkemba Damocles", ngokuyisisekelo owawungumnyaka ukuqedwa ngokomzimba lezifundiswa ekusungulweni yezikhali ezicitshwayo ballistic eGibhithe.

Ngemva kokuhlasela kwamaphekula e-Olympics Munich ngo-1972 no-1992, "Mossad" aphethwe uchungechunge lwezenzakalo ngaphansi kwegama ikhodi "Ulaka lukaNkulunkulu", inhloso zazo kwakuwukubabulala amalungu nhlangano amaphekula "Black Septhemba", Kuhlanganisani kokufa abasubathi Israeli.

Ngo-1973, i-brilliant "Operation Spring Youth", ngesikhathi lapho lachithwa ngamashumi ayisihlanu abameleli ezihlukahlukene izinhlangano ziyingozi Arab ekomkhulu PLO owaqhutshelwa e Beirut, Lebanon. Ukulahlekelwa bodwa ombutho Israeli kwaba abantu ababili kuphela.

I last operation ezinkulu lihlotshaniswa 'Mossad "iyona ukuqedwa ngo-2010 e-UAE omunye wabaholi leqembu ziyingozi Hamas Mahmuda Al-Mambhuha. Nokho, isiqinisekiso esemthethweni ukubandakanywa intelligence Israeli kumcimbi asilandelwanga.

Ezinye izinhlangano intelligence

Kodwa "Mossad" akukakabi inhlangano kuphela kwa-Israyeli, okuyinto bazibandakanya emsebenzini owodwa owenziwe ngobuhlakani. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ngo-1948 wasungula service imfihlo "Shabak", Injongo ogama main ukuze kuqinisekwe ukuthi yangaphakathi esiphikisayo yezobunhloli nezokuphepha ka-Israyeli. Le nhlangano ukhona esikhathini sethu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, hlale nezinye intelligence inhlangano namuhla, akhiwa elifanayo 1948. It Aman, injongo okuyinto intelligence ezempi. Ngakho, "Mossad", "Shabak" futhi Aman - ezintathu ezinkulu bezobunhloli kwa-Israyeli.

inkonzo Special "Nativ"

Esikhathini esiyiminyaka ephakathi 1937 no 1939 sidalwe isevisi imfihlo bavumelane isihloko "Mossad le-Aliya Bet." Inhloso Its main iwukuba ukukhuthaza kuleli ngokungemthetho ngo isizwe samaJuda ePalestina, ngaleso sikhathi, ngokuvumelana Yezizwe igunya, ke lalibuswa ekuphathweni British.

Kakade ngo-1951, ngemva kokwakhiwa nombuso wakwa-Israyeli, "le Mossad le-Aliya Bet" usuhlakazekile futhi iguqulwa ibe inhlangano entsha, ebizwa nge "Nativ". Wenza imisebenzi likubeka ngokucacile. intelligence Israeli "Nativ" ezikhethekile ukuqinisekisa ilungelo kuthutha yamaJuda eSoviet Union, ogama wezifiki ukuthi Israyeli iye sebehlushwa kakhulu. Ukuqala kokusetshenziswa kulolu hambo ukuthi kwenziwe kuhlanganise ngokusebenzisa kunengcindezi yezombusazwe ku kobuholi Union. Imisebentiluhlolo lwezokuphepha ' "Nativ" nazo ezifakwe ubudlelwane ukwesekwa nabantu abangamaJuda, abasala e-Soviet Union kwamanye amazwe we Bloc Soviet.

Ngemva kokuwa kweSoviet Union, ekwindla ka-umbuso zamaKhomanisi eqinisweni isidingo inhlangano enjalo eye yanyamalala. "Nativ" walahlekelwa isimo abophiko lwezokuphepha kanye okwamanje nje sokulondoloza namaJuda we CIS futhi aseBaltic. Ukusekela ke sesinciphe kakhulu. Abanye ochwepheshe ngisho ngithi ukuqedwa ephelele isidingo lenhlangano ngenxa lusizo yayo.

izitatimende resonance

Nakuba, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, "Nativ" njengoba inkonzo ukukhalipha, ngemva kokuwa kweSoviet Union futhi walahlekelwa ukubaluleka kwalo, kodwa nokho nazo ngaphambi ukusebenza kuwo, ukujabulela udumo okukhulu. Lokho umuntu onjalo iyona owayeyinhloko yezobunhloli Israeli Yakov Kedmi (owazalwa Yakov Kazakov), kusukela ngo-1992 kuya ku-1999 futhi wayephethe okuthunyelwe zekhanda kwenhlangano "Nativ". Okwamanje yena umhlalaphansi, kodwa uba uchwepheshe zezombusazwe kumabonakude Israeli.

Kakhulu izitatimende ephezulu iphrofayli le ndoda abangakwazi siziqhenye intelligence Israeli, mayelana Putin and Poroshenko. entwasahlobo Okuningi 2014 Kedmi wathi ukuthi nezinsolo lokuqala angenza noma yini ukuze ukwazi ukulawula Ukraine, njengoba ukubusa Ukraine ukuba NATO ngqo kusongela ukulondeka waseRussia. Ngandlela-thile kamuva, nowake waba yinhloko yezobunhloli wagxeka ngokucijile kohulumeni babo ukuthi usevumile ukuvakashelwa Poroshenko awasho kuma-Israyeli. Mayelana uMongameli Ukraine Emazwini akhe babe nakakhulu ngokucijile. Ngo uthethisa Petru Poroshenko Kedmi ubeka lokho uyanikela ukwakhiwa UStepan Bandera - umuntu elihlobene ne ekubulaleni abantu abaningi kumaJuda - erenki of hero kazwelonke e-Ukraine.

izici Jikelele intelligence Israeli

I-Israeli inkonzo intelligence has eside futhi kube kufanele, has isimo omunye professional kakhulu emhlabeni. Uma ngaphambilini kwathatha isampula nozakwabo waseBrithani nowaseMelika, manje ngabameli kwamanye amazwe ulandele isibonelo "Mossad", "Shabak" nezinye izinhlangano ezikhethekile kwa-Israyeli.

Kuhle amabutho ezikhethekile emhlabeni, njengoba bebizwa kanjalo namalungu intelligence Israeli, isithunzi ukubhekana nanoma yisiphi usongo esimweni sabo ngisho nalapho ayengakwazi ukuthola ukuma ahlukile. Kuyinto ngenxa amasevisi nokuhlakanipha Israyeli - lizwe empeleni kokuba ayezungezwe izitha - hhayi kuphela abayekanga ukhona, kodwa futhi Kugcwele yaqala ukuchuma kwezomnotho eMpumalanga Ephakathi.