Gustav Husak - sezombusazwe pragmatic noma umholi zokucindezela?

Indaba yokuphila ka-sezombusazwe eyayinabantu baseCzechoslovakia Gustav Husak ngempela uyafundisa. Ukubusa kwakhe kweminyaka eyaduma okuthiwa "ukuzinza", okusho nokuqedwa ngemiphumela yezinguquko ezinkulu "ePrague Spring." Gustav Husak kwaba Slovak ubuzwe futhi indodana abangasebenzi. Life is wamphakamisa ukuba esivelele amandla. Waba uMongameli we eCzechoslovakia sezenhlalo, umholi cishe ongenambangi LamaKhomanisi yezwe. Njengoba wezinguquko ebusheni bakhe, waqala cindezela le ukukhononda e sixties kwekhulu elidlule. Wasula lapho eqaphela ukuthi isikhathi sakhe phezu.

Umlando Sakudala Gustav Husak ebusheni bakhe

Okwazalelwa inqubomgomo eyayinabantu baseCzechoslovakia ensimini ka-Austria-Hungary, e Poshonihidegkute (manje Dubravka), January 10, 1913. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-16 yaba ilungu LamaKhomanisi iqembu lentsha. Kwakuphakathi izifundo zakhe esikoleni Bratislava. Futhi lapho engena uMthetho Faculty of Comenius University, sesiye ilungu leQembu LamaKhomanisi. Elapho ngokushesha wenza umsebenzi wakhe, ezihambayo isikhathi ngasinye ezingeni eliphezulu. Ngo-1938, iqembu wawuvinjelwe. Ngesikhathi kugqashuka iMpi Yezwe II, Gustav Husak, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokuvamile abathintekayo kulo izenzo eziphambana nomthetho wamaKhomanisi, okuyiwona wakhushulelwa eboshwa abamele uhulumeni undlovukayiphikiswa ka Jozef Tiso, futhi ngakolunye - kwaba abangane nge umholi kude kwesokudla Slovak Alexander Mach. Imithombo ethile ithi yingakho wadedelwa ngemva kwezinyanga eziningana ejele. Ngo-1944, waba ngomunye abaholi Slovak National Uprising ngokumelene amaNazi futhi ohulumeni bazo.

Gustav Husak ngemva kwempi

ngokushesha Usopolitiki abasha kuthembisa waqala umsebenzi wakhe njengoba isikhulu sikahulumeni kanye party umsebenzi. Kusukela ngo-1946 kuya ku-1950 empeleni abadlale indima kukaNdunankulu futhi, ngaleyo ndlela, ngo-1948, wahlanganyela ekuvalweni Democratic Party yase Slovakia, okuyinto okhethweni e amane nesithupha nyaka, inqobe ngo-62 wamavoti. Kodwa ngo-1950, waba isisulu ekuqothulweni kukaStalin futhi phakathi nokubusa Klement Gottwald waboshelwa ukubukwa ubuzwe futhi wagwetshwa udilikajele, wachitha iminyaka eyisithupha ebhadla ejele Leopoldov. Ukuba lamaKhomanisi uyaqiniseka Kunalokho, wacabangela yokucindezelwa ezifana maqondana ke ukungaqondi futhi njalo wabhala izincwadi izinyembezi mayelana ubuholi beqembu. Ngokuthakazelisayo, bese umholi LamaKhomanisi yeCzechoslovakia Aleksandr Novotný wenqaba ukusithethelela kuye, etshela ozakwabo zakhe ukuthi "wena abazi ukuthi yini angayenza, uma kwenzeka efika amandla."

Umholi isimo Umsebenzi

Phakathi uyeke Stalinization ka Gusak Gustav wayethethelela avuselelwe. Isigwebo sakhe sahoxiswa futhi wabuyisela kuleli qembu. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1963. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, umgomo oye waba isitha esikhulu Novotný futhi asekelwe Slovak wezinguquko Aleksandra Dubcheka. Ngo-1968, ngesikhathi "ePrague Spring", waba undunankulu eCzechoslovakia, obhekene ekufezeni kabusha. Lapho elaseSoviet Union uzwakalise ukunganeliseki obuqinile inqubomgomo ubuholi obusha, Gusak Gustav kwaba ngomunye wabokuqala owanibiza sokuqapha. Waqala ukukhuluma skeptical amathuba we "ePrague Spring", futhi phakathi ukungenela ezempi eCzechoslovakia ngo emazweni Warsaw Pact atheleka baba yingcenye ezingxoxweni eziphakathi Dubcek futhi uBrezhnev. Kungazelelwe Husak wahola ingxenye amalungu HRC, abaye obiza a "buyisela emuva" yezinguquko. Kwelinye izinkulumo zakhe, yena wabe esebuza umbuzo ongadinge mpendulo mayelana lapho kumelwe bahlangane khona Abasekeli Dubcek ufune abangane okuzosiza izwe wakwazi ukubhekana kangcono nale amasosha aseSoviet. Njengoba Husak ngokuthi sezombusazwe kokwenzekayo.

Umbusi eCzechoslovakia

Njengoba sisekelwa izinqubomgomo USSR ngokushesha esikhundleni Dubcek e umholi okuthunyelwe HRC. Akazange nje wasinqanda inqubo kabusha, kodwa futhi baxoshwa beqembu ovulekile ngokomqondo. Ngo-1975, Gusak Gustav wakhethwa uMongameli eCzechoslovakia. Phakathi engamashumi amabili wokubusa kwakhe, izwe uhlala omunye inqubomgomo zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa kweqiniso. Eminyakeni yokuqala ka nesikhathi sokubusa kwakhe Husak wazama ukudambisa abantu ukuba bathukuthele yezwe, nokuvusa kwezomnotho nenhlalakahle nokugwema yokucindezelwa okukhulu futhi evulekile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kwamalungelo wobuntu eCzechoslovakia ayemancane ezingaphezu kuka, isibonelo, eYugoslavia esikhathini Broz Tito futhi umgomo wakhe kwamasiko ungakwazi ngisho nalokho kwaba eRomania lapho uNicolae Ceauşescu. Ngaphansi iziqubulo ukuzinza amasevisi imfihlo yezwe njalo ezobopha eyamukelwayo, ezifana amalungu "Charter 77", kanye ukuhweba abaholi union, abaye bazama ukuhlela iziteleka.

Husak ngenkathi "yokwakha kabusha"

Omdala, olandelanayo abengeziwe baba Hsu Gusak Gustav (indondo wathola ngo-1983). Nokho, ngeminyaka yoma zenzeka ekhulwini lamashumi amabili, wabuyela phathi labo zaxoshwa ngemva "ePrague Spring", nakuba ziye zaphoqeleka ukuba baphenduke kuwonkewonke "iphutha." Esikhathini-yalolucwaningo 80. le Politburo, okuyinto wahola emzabalazweni ukuthi afeze kwekuhlela kabusha like "Gorbachev". Ukuze eyayinabantu baseCzechoslovakia "yokwakha kabusha" ubeke UNdunankulu lubomír štrougal. Husak futhi bengathathi hlangothi, kodwa ngo-Ephreli 1987, wamemezela uhlelo yezinguquko, okuyinto kwakufanele iqale ngo-1991.

Ukuphela umsebenzi

Ngo-1988, i-eyayinabantu baseCzechoslovakia amaKhomanisi waphoqelela ubhongoza wabo ukuba give up amandla ngayo esizukulwaneni esisha. Ukuba Obheka izinto njengoba zinjalo, Husak banquma ukungayisebenzisi nhlobo i eqise, futhi wavumelana ukuthi ashiye isikhundla sakhe, washiya isikhundla sakhe njengoba uMongameli eCzechoslovakia. Ngendlela efanayo wayenze phakathi "velvet yokuvukela" ngo-1989. Wavele ngaphambilini uMarian Chalfie ukusebenzisa uhulumeni "ithemba kazwelonke" wamnika amandla Disemba 10 ngawo lowo nyaka. Lokhu kwaba sekupheleni esisemthethweni umbuso zokuhlola ezasungulwa kubo. Emzamweni wakhe amashushu ukuthi avuselelwe, le eyayinabantu baseCzechoslovakia Communist Party axoshwe kuye nezinhlu yayo ngo-1990, kodwa akazange amsize okhethweni. UMengameli wezwe isibe ophikisana nenqubo kahulumeni Vaclav Havel. Gander yamaKatolika ngo-1991, cishe wonke ukhohliwe, ufile.

Kuze kube manje, izazi-mlando phikisana lokho benesibopho sale nqubomgomo e amabili namashumi eminyaka okubusa kwakhe eCzechoslovakia. Akathi ukulawula amalungiselelo isimo, noma zadalwa yithoyizi imicimbi kanye nabanye abantu? Ngo zokuphila kwakhe iminyaka yokugcina Husak sasifanele, ukuthi ayencamela ukuthambisa nemiphumela ongenakugwenywa ayehlasela Soviet yezwe futhi wazama ukuba simelane "oklebe" ngaphakathi iqembu lakhe. Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, empeleni njalo wafuna ukuhoxiswa amabutho aseSoviet baseCzechoslovakia. Mhlawumbe lokhu ukuthonywa umgomo wakhe ngoba njalo wazama ukwakha umbono wokuthi wonke "evamile."