Inkomba ivolumu ngokomzimba zokukhiqiza

Izinkomba okungase zingabalulekile kangako kokubili ngokoMthetho ekuhloleni isimo ibhizinisi ethize, futhi ukuthola Amathrendi Macro amakhodi ezahlukene - isibonelo, ivolumu ukukhiqizwa noma ukuthengiswa. Kanjani lezi zinto ibalwa? Lokhu kwakwenziwa ngayiphi injongo ingasetshenziswa?

Kuyini index ivolumu ngokomzimba?

Inkomba ivolumu ngokomzimba - efinqa ukuthi ngokuvamile likhombisa inani ezivezwa ibhizinisi imikhiqizo noma amasevisi. Uyena isihlobo, futhi ibonisa indlela nenqwaba okukhipha ingashintshiwe lapho eqhathanisa ukusebenza 2 izinkathi ezahlukene.

Inkomba Okubukwe kusekelwe ngokuyinhloko wasebenzisa ulwazi mayelana okubakhona izinkomba ezahlukene ngokomzimba ngaphakathi kohlaka ukukhiqizwa at uhlu fixed imikhiqizo. Kuye umsebenzi umcwaningi kungenzeka sibalo uzimisele ukuba ibhizinisi esithile noma inkomba jikelele ivolumu ngokomzimba - noma inzuzo, isibonelo, ukukhiqizwa yezimboni. Esimeni sesibili, isakhiwo se-index kungase kufakwe izimpahla namasevisi e anhlobonhlobo. Kulolu hlu kusivumela ukulinganisa eziyimbangela akuyona inkampani eyehlukile futhi umkhakha iyonke. Kungaba ezibalulekile kusukela iphuzu Ngenxa isimo macroeconomic emnothweni kazwelonke.

Uma kudingekile, Inkomba ivolumu, okuyinto ephawula ukusebenza wefektri, ingafaniswa umkhakha zokubekisa noma lezo ukubonisa omunye ukukhiqizwa efanayo. Umphumela kungenziwa amisiwe okufanayo umkhakha-wide ukukhiqizwa Inkomba, eveza isimo lonke ingxenye umnotho yembuso. Sifundela imininingwane eqondile ukubala yayo.

Inkomba by volume umkhakha ukukhiqizwa: ezicashile

Inkomba ivolumu ngokomzimba kwezintathu zomkhiqizo kwezimpahla bebonke, umkhakha ibalwa ngezigaba eziningana.

Okokuqala, chaza uhlu izimboni ezithile ngaphakathi okuyinto izinkomba uzobe ihlaziye ukwenziwa izimpahla ezithile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kudingeka i-Ihloso yesifundo - njengoba kunqunywe sub-indastri.

Ngemva kwalokho, mayelana nomkhakha ngamunye noma isisekelo wemboni elakhiwe uhlu imikhiqizo ihlaziye. Kungenzeka emelelwa inombolo enkulu kakhulu imikhiqizo - I-representativeness.

Ngemva kwalokho, i-index ivolumu ibalwa. Formula kungase kubandakanya izinkomba ezifana:

- i Inkomba ngevolumu ukukhiqizwa ngaphakathi wemboni ethile noma isisekelo wemboni;

- ivolumu ukukhululwa umkhiqizo ngesikhathi sokubika;

- intengo angenza lezimpahla.

Ifomula umbuzo, kungenzeka kulekelelwa nezinye izinkomba, kuye ngokuthi izinkinga okwehlela abacwaningi.

Ngo practice, izinkomba achazwe umkhakha, zingahlanganiswa ukuthola idatha kwi ingxenye yomnotho iyonke. Ngokwesibonelo, uma Inkomba ivolumu ngokomzimba kuyadingeka ukunquma ngemboni fuel, e ukubala yayo izinkomba okumele asetshenziswe elichaza isimo emafutheni, Petrochemical umkhakha, igesi, amalahle, uwoyela oluthambile umkhakha. Kulokhu-ke ngamunye yemikhakha abafanele ungaba share ezahlukene inani ungeze fuel umkhakha. Ngakho, inani ivolumu Inkomba uphethiloli ingabalwa ikhumbula umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama amaningi. Ngokwesibonelo, echaza ukuma inhlangano wokukhulula kwezimpahla enkampanini ethile noma embonini wonkana.

Ake sihlole kabanzi indlela Inkomba ivolumu ngokomzimba zokukhiqiza is kubalwa kucatshangelwa isimo inhlangano yokukhiqiza.

Ukubalwa Inkomba ukukhiqizwa: Isamba wamabhizinisi

Phakathi abacwaningi Russian basakaza indlela lapho kwencazelo inkomba, okukhulunywa ngakho, kwenziwe 4 izigaba:

- Isamba labasemkhatsini nalabakhulu;

- delineation imikhiqizo zezimali, ukuhlobana ukumaketha ubudlelwane zomthetho nezinye zindlela;

- UMnyango Revenue izibalo kusukela okukhipha;

- ukuzimisela umjikelezo ukukhiqiza.

Ngakho, esigabeni sokuqala kunqunywa index ngazinye ivolumu ngokomzimba kwezintathu zomkhiqizo kwezimpahla ibhizinisi elithile, ngemva - sengezwe nemingcele ukuthi kuchazwa ekuhloleni ukusebenza namanye amafemu umkhakha. Ngokuvamile, izinhlangano ezikhethwe nge izibalo eziqhathanisekayo yemali engenayo, ukukhululwa langempela izimpahla, uhla umkhiqizo.

ukukhiqizwa zezimali njengoba ukufanelekela ukuthola Inkomba ukubala

Uma Inkomba ukukhiqizwa kunqunywe indices summation kukhona emadanisekako amabhizinisi esikalini, ke kungase kushintshwe ukuze ivumelane imininingwane yalolu ukufunwa ezithile kwezimpahla. Ngakho, aphume ke luqedwe imikhiqizo uketshezi kancane, ngoba Dynamics ekusetshenzisweni kwazo futhi livela ezimweni eziningi, akuyona inkomba abalulekile ngokuya kokuthola idatha komnotho omkhulu.

Ukwehlukanisa imikhiqizo by umkhakha

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-index kungenzeka ayifakiwe izimpahla ezinezici afanele umkhakha, kodwa ihlukaniswa ngokweminyaka criteria ezahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, uma inkampani ukhiqiza izimoto zempi, kanye ezisetshenziswa umphakathi (uhlobo olufanayo), khona-ke ukuhlaziywa yizinkomba zezomnotho kunengqondo ukukhipha imikhiqizo yohlobo yokuqala kusukela Inkomba ivolumu ngokomzimba ukukhiqizwa izimoto. Nokho, labo izinkomba ukuthi kuyakuba izimpawu ukukhiqizwa kulolu hlobo ubuchwepheshe kungathinta lokho kuyoba index esiyinhlanganisela ivolumu ngokomzimba ukukhiqizwa embonini lempi isimo.

Imvelo emakethe njengoba umbandela komkhiqizo kwamangqamuzana

Ukwehlukanisa izinkomba ungenza umqondo yebo ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi ukukhiqizwa izimoto ezisetshenziswa umphakathi ngokuvamile owazenza okubhekwe ekusetshenzisweni kwazo okwalandela emakethe mahhala, ngokuvamile - emazweni angaphandle. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, imikhiqizo lempi kuvame ekhiqizwa ngesicelo, futhi ngoba cishe okuqinisekisiwe ukuba lusebenze. Ngalo mqondo, inkampani bazocula umsebenzi zokuphatha kunokuba umuntu ezaziyobonakaliswa imisebenzi inkampani njengoba isihloko egcwele ubudlelwane bezentengiselwano.

Ngakho, kulesi sigaba kokubala le nkomba kubalulekile ukulungisa umahluko imikhiqizo by umkhakha, uma kuyindodana, yebo, kudingeke esekelwe izici Isimo sezomnotho kuzwelonke, kanye imisebenzi eqondile abacwaningi.

Ukubalwa Inkomba ukukhiqizwa: Umnyango we isukela ivolumu udaba

Isinyathelo esilandelayo kokubala Inkomba zezimboni - ukulungiswa yayo ukusebenza ngenzuzo, okuyinto engaphansi ukwenza nokukhiqizwa kwezimpahla, njengoba amanani ukwenyuka, kanye ukwanda engenayo yenkampani, isibonelo, ngenxa nokuhlinzekwa kwanoma yimiphi izinhlangano ibhizinisi nezinsizakalo ezihambisana nalokho. Ngokwesibonelo, ehambisana ne-ukulungisa kanye nokugcinwa imishini oluqanjwe inkampani.

Lokhu umehluko kuzosiza umcwaningi inquma Dynamics Amathrendi komnotho omkhulu, ukuze uqonde kangcono izimiso zamanani ingxenye efanele embonini. Iqiniso lokuthi uhlu ivolumu ngokomzimba zokukhiqiza kubhekwa, ngokuvamile, ngaphandle izimpahla cost-of-nemali ngokuvamile.

Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuba umcwaningi ukusungula Eqinisweni evumelana sishintsha Inkomba okuhambisanayo ngokwezibalo zangempela. Uma intengo nokudayisa izimpahla liye landa, futhi nokwenza imali yenkampani - rose, kuyilapho inkampani esebeké ngobuningi ezifanayo emakethe izimpahla, ukwanda ivolumu ukukhiqizwa azifani.

Ukubalwa Inkomba ukukhiqizwa: definition lomjikelezo ukukhiqizwa

In esigabeni sesithathu kwalesi sibalo inkomba kuyadingeka ukuze correlate Dynamics ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo usuqedile bese amavolumu ukukhiqizwa mikhiqizo ezisetshenziswa womshini imikhiqizo efanele. Kulokhu sikhuluma esungula uxhumano phakathi yokuthi ukukhululwa kwe izingxenye ezithile futhi izinto zokwakha futhi inhlangano imikhiqizo eseqedile, kanye nicabanga ngalezi izigaba bokukhiqiza imikhiqizo olulodwa inqubo ukukhiqizwa umongo.

Izibalo for the ibhizinisi kanye umkhakha kufanele IziNkomba adalulwe kungukuthi ezithile zazihlobene ngokuqondile ukukhiqizwa: isibonelo, othengwe ku-abahlinzeki third-party futhi resells imishini akufanele kubhekwe njengento siqu ukukhiqizwa isitshalo, ngokulandelana, inani layo angeke kuthinte Inkomba embuzweni.

Inkomba yokuthengisa

Njengoba kuchazwe okushiwo Inkomba ukukhiqizwa, cabangela imininingwane ukusetshenziswa le nkomba e yokuthengisa. Ngokuvamile abanikazi amabhizinisi abaphendukela abaphathi ngokubuza: ". Anqume Inkomba ivolumu ngokomzimba yokuthengisa kwezimpahla" Yiziphi izici zalo?

Eqinisweni, ukusebenza esisihlukanisayo inkampani eyodwa noma Imininingwane inzuzo ivolumu Inkomba kuyoba linencazelo ethi ayifane ukufunda inkomba kwezomnotho ukuthi izingxenye, okuyinto ichazwa umkhakha.

Inkomba umkhakha-abanzi ukuhweba

Ukuze kuchazwe ikhodi umkhakha okubanzi (isibonelo, ingxenye okudayisa), kubalulekile ukubala Dynamics izimboni zayo ngobukhulu - .. Trade emikhiqizweni ukudla, izinto zasendlini, izingubo, njll Izimiso uqhathanisa ukusebenza lapha kungase kube okufanayo njengoba kwaba njalo endabeni ka- DJIA. Lokho kumelwe ibhekwe, isibonelo, bese lokho isisindo umkhakha ikakhulukazi e ijubane ingxenye nokudayisa iyonke. Kungase kuhluke kakhulu ngawo kulezo zamanye izimboni. Kungenzeka kuleli cala ukuthi Inkomba ivolumu ngokomzimba yohwebo ukudla okudayisa kuyinto enhle, futhi e - ezingezinhle.

Ukuze ukwazi ukubona ingqikithi for retail njengoba lonke (okuzoba ezibalulekile ngokuya ekuhloleni isimo emnothweni kazwelonke) ngokungeza izinkomba ezifanele kuzodingeka ukuthi wenze sicabangela umehluko Dynamics yabo. Kulokhu, izinga jikelele linganquma usebenzisa amafomula kunalokho eziyinkimbinkimbi.

yokuthengisa Inkomba nemali engenayo

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyafaneleka ukuthi Inkomba ivolumu ngokomzimba yokuthengisa kwezimpahla akusho ngaso sonke isikhathi correlate nge ukuqhutshwa kwebhizinisi. Ngenhla, ucabangela imininingwane yokunquma isilinganiso embonini, sishilo ngesidingo ukuhlukanisa Dynamics ngenzuzo ukuthola manje futhi okukhipha yangempela kwezimpahla. I Kungashiwo okufanayo mayelana ukudayiswa kwemikhiqizo. Kungenye into - uma yenzuzo yenkampani rose ngenxa ukwanda amanani, nezinye - uma capital wathola ngenxa yokuthengisa lenyuke.