Indawo yesifunda saseSamara. Zhigulevsky nature reserve

Izifunda zesifunda saseSamara zidume ngezindawo eziningi ezinhle, lapho izivakashi ziqala ukuhlonipha imvelo minyaka yonke. Kodwa, ngaphandle kwalokhu, enye yezindawo zakudala nezinhle zaseRussia itholakala lapha. Abahambi bavakashela lezi zindawo ukuze bajikeleze emahlathini asezintabeni zaseVolga.

Izindleko ezinkulu zesifunda saseSamara

I-Samara uLuka yinsimu eyakhiwe ngenxa yobugobi obujulile be-Volga. Kusukela ngo-1984, iziphathimandla ziye zanquma ukugcina izindawo zemvelo zendawo, ngoba zimelela ukulinganisa nokulingana kwemvelo. Imingcele yangaphandle yale paki kazwelonke ichazwe ngamabhande omfula. Kuyingxenye esenyakatho kuphela ehlangene neZhigulevsky State Reserve. Yona endala kunazo zonke ohlelweni lwezindawo ezivikelekile zaseRussia futhi lunentshisekelo ethile. Kodwa, ngaphandle kwakhe, esifundeni saseSamara kukhona insimu evikelwe futhi inenani elibalulekile. I-National Park "Buzuluksky Bor".

Zhigulevsky nature reserve

Insimu yale ndawo egcinwe kuyo ingabhekwa njengento eyingqayizivele, ngoba nanoma iyiphi indawo ezweni singakwazi ukuhlangabezana nokuhlanganiswa okunjalo kwezwe. Ibanga lezintaba, elinamatshe amadala kunazo zonke, lizungezwe ukugoba kweVolga. Lesi yisabelo sokuqala esifundeni saseSamara, esabuyiselwa isimo sawo ngo-1927. Ngalesi sikhathi, kunqatshelwe ukuvuna amajikijolo nama-mushroom, ukuze izitshalo ezingavamile zigcinwe. Futhi ukuzingela kwakuvinjelwe lapha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba injongo yenqolobane kwakuwukugcina indawo ehlukile, noma yikuphi ukuvakasha kwakungavunyelwe. Kodwa maduzane abaphathi bavume ukuvulwa kwemizila emibili yezivakashi. Owokuqala wabo udlulayo. Ash ngokusebenzisa intaba yaseStrelnuyu. Kungcono ukunqoba le ndlela ngomgwaqo, ukuze ungalahleki. Ungafika lapha nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Amaphutha adluliselwa emzaneni waseZolnoye. Umzila wesibili uqala emzaneni. U-Shiryaevo, futhi wabiza ngokuthi "i-Stone Chalice". Umgwaqo unzima, abaningi banquma ukuhamba ngezinyawo, ngoba ngaphandle kwemoto yonke engasenakukwazi ukuyifinyelela.

Manje isifundazwe saseZhigulevsky esifundeni saseSamara sinendawo engama-hektare angu-23,157. Esiqhingini esingamahektha angu-542, kanti indawo esele iwela ezweni. Abacwaningi bendawo bangavumelani ngezindawo zemvelo. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi ohlangothini olusenyakatho lwe-Samara Luka Reserve amahlathi ahlanganisiwe, kanti ingxenye engeningizimu yi-forest-steppe. Kodwa abanye abacwaningi bathi yonke insimu yesigceme eSamarskaya Luka iyindawo ehlala emahlathini.

Isimo sezulu sendawo

Kuyaziwa ukuthi isifunda saseSamara sibonakala ngesimo sezwekazi. Ehlobo, isimo sezulu esishisayo sikhona lapha, kanti ubusika buqhwa kakhulu. Isimo sezulu esinjalo sakhiwe ngenxa yethonya le-Atlantic Ocean, kanye nezwekazi lase-Asia, elithisa kakhulu ehlobo, kanti ebusika, kunalokho, lihle kakhulu. Ngenxa yalezi zici ezimbili, isimo sezulu sezindawo ezigcinwe endaweni esigcinweyo asiqiniseki futhi kuncike ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu. Isibonelo, ama-frost angase ahambisane nesimo sezulu esibucayi, futhi ukushisa okomile kungashintsha ngokungalindelekile kuze kube sekuseni isikhathi eside.

I-Flora ye-reserve

Ama-landscapes kulezi zindawo ayamnandi kakhulu, njengoba cishe amaphesenti angama-94% endaweni egcwele amahlathi. Izihlahla ezikhona lapha ziyi-lindens kanye nezihlahla ze-aspen ezincane (lokhu kuseningizimu). Kodwa futhi kunezinhlobo ze-birch, i-pin ne-oak nezinye eziningi. Ngokuqondene nezitshalo, kuyahluka kakhulu lapha. Ngo-1984, kwenziwa ucwaningo lapha oluthola izinhlobo ezingu-832 nezimila ezingama-370 zezitshalo. Ukubalwa okuphindaphindiwe kwamuva kubhalwe ukuthi izinhlobo ezingu-58 azitholakalanga. Manje izinhlobo ezingu-105 ze-Compositae nezinhlobo ezingu-67 zokusanhlamvu zikhula lapha. I-rosemary, i-legumes kanye ne-crucifers nayo ijwayelekile lapha.

Kodwa okwamanje inani elikhulu kakhulu limelelwa ama-relic specimens, kanye nalawo zitshalo ezatholwa kuqala futhi zichazwe endaweni yendawo. Ngakho-ke, ukugcinwa kwesifundazwe saseSamara kufaka phakathi izinhlobo eziyikhulu, ezibaluleke ngokukhethekile embonweni wesayensi. Kumele uqaphele ukuthi lapha okokuqala ngephutha leZhigulevsky, U-Lessing feather grass noVolga fescue bachazwe.

Imfuyo

Kodwa yiziphi izilwane ongazihlangana nazo, uma uvakashela le ndawo nge-excursion? Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuhlukahluka kwama-vertebrates asezindaweni zomhlaba kuncane kakhulu. Ngo-1984, kunezinhlobo ezingama-213 eziqoshiwe ezihlala lapha noma zivakashela njalo indawo evikelekile. Kulaba abamele, abangu-112 bayavamile. Lezi zihlanganisa izilwane ezincelisayo (izinhlobo ezingu-25 nezinhlobo ezingu-15 ezingavamile), izinyoni (ezingu-70 eziningi nezinombolo ezingu-88 ezingavamile), ama-amphibians (3 no-5), izilwane ezinwabuzelayo (3 no-4). Okuvame kakhulu lapha kukhona izinambuzane, ezisensimini yezinkulungwane eziningana. Bona, ngokungafani nama-vertebrates, asefundisiwe kancane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emanzini angakhona angaba nezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-40 zezinhlanzi. Kodwa indawo yamanzi, evikelekile futhi ingokwendawo evikelwe, incane.

Izidumbu ezinqolobane

Ngesithakazelo esiyinhloko yizilwane zendawo yaseZhigulevsky Reserve. Lapha ungakwazi ukuhlangana nabangulates. Lena yi-moose, nakuba inombolo yayo encane, namabhotela. Lezi zinsuku zitholakala lapha kakhulu kakhulu, uma siqhathanisa nobukhulu besitoreji. Bafuna umonakalo wokudla owenziwe izimila, ngakho-ke abaphathi banquma ukulawula izinombolo zabo. Phakathi kwezilwane ezidliwayo, inkulu kunazo zonke izimpisi nezinombolo ezincane zama-lynxes. Amancane ambandakanya ama-martens amahlathi, ama-badgers, amahlumela. Futhi endaweni yokugcina kukhona inombolo encane yezingwegwe, ama-ferrets ehlathi kanye nezinja ze-raccoon.

I-Zhigulevsky Reserve yesifunda saseSamara yaba ikhaya lamanye amagundane. Lezi zihlanganisa amaprotheni azama ukuhlala eduze kwamadolobhana, kanye nama-hare-hares. Kanti futhi ngezinye izikhathi ungakwazi ukuhlangabezana nabamahhashi. Kodwa akumangazi ukuthi kukhona izilwane ezimbalwa lapha, ngoba injongo eyinhloko yokudala indawo yokugcina indawo kwakuwukugcina izindawo eziyingqayizivele zemvelo ezingeyona eYurophu. Kodwa yiziphi izinqolobane esifundeni saseSamara, lapho izitshalo ze-relic nazo zifundwa khona ?

Izici ze-Buzuluk boron

Okokuqala kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi le ndawo yindawo epaki kazwelonke. Lesi siqhingi esiqhingini esinamahlathi amaningi ase-pine sisemngceleni wezifunda zase-Orenburg naseSamara. Yasungulwa ngo-2007, nakuba kucatshangwa ukuthi ihlathi layo le-pine lakhiwa cishe eminyakeni emithathu noma yezinkulungwane ezine edlule. Ngaleso sikhathi ehlathini kwakukhona amachibi amaningi. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imililo eminingi, ukunqotshwa kwemvelo, iminyaka eyomile kuholele ekutheni umzimba omkhulu wezinqolobane usomile, futhi izimo zemvelo ziye zashintsha.

Namuhla, i-Buzuluk boron iyisiqhingi esikhulu sehlathi esakhiwe njengonxantathu. Indawo yale "ngcebo" ifika kumahektha angu-111 000. Ngaphezu kuka-60 000 ha kukhona izihlabathi. Kwezinye izindawo, ukujula kwabo kungamamitha angu 90. UMfula iBorovka ugeleza phakathi nendawo.

Emazweni nasemapulazini epaki

Engxenyeni yehlathi, imifula, amaxhaphozi kanye namapheshana e-steppe zihlanganisa ngendlela engavamile. Phakathi nendawo yomfula futhi cishe cishe wonke umkhawulo wepaki kunezinhlanzi ezinqabile. Futhi ehlathini ungakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezinye izingxenye ze-birch ne-aspen. Kodwa insimu enkulu (ngaphezu kuka 2/3) ithathwe amahlathi ephayini. Ehlathini ungabona umehluko ongajwayelekile wezimila. Kukhona ama-ferns akhula eduze kwezinsila ze-feppe, umhlonyane namabellane ehlathi. Kodwa eduze nalezi zitshalo, ungathola ama-lichens, avame ukutholakala ku-tundra, isibonelo, ama-reindeer moss.

Futhi emaqabunga e-coniferous kukhona amajikijolo afana nama-strawberries, ama-strawberries, ama-blackberries, amathambo, i-mountain ash, i-cherry ye-steppe kanye nabanye abaningi.

Umhlaba wezilwane we-boron

Nakuba izakhamuzi lapha zincane kakhulu kuneziqhingi zaseZhigulevsky, zikhona izakhamuzi ezihlala njalo zezilwane epaki. Isibonelo, emuva kuka-1935, i-roe deer yaboniswa lapha, eyayidlulile ngaphambilini kulezi zindawo. Ngaphezu kwazo, inyamazane, i- moose, ne-wild boar ibhalwe ehlathini. Ungakwazi ukuhlangabezana nama-badgers, ama-squirrels, abamhlophe, ama-martens, ama-weasels, ama -ermermine, ama-fox kanye nabanye abahlali.

Okwamanje, izakhamuzi zezilwane ezilandelayo zibhaliswe ehlathini laseBuzuluk:

• Izinhlobo ezingu-57 zezilwane ezincelisayo;
• Izinhlobo ezingu-24 zezinhlanzi;
• Izinhlobo ezingu-9 zezilwane eziphilayo;
• Izinhlobo ezingu-7 zama-amphibians.

Futhi kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-1000 zezinambuzane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kushiwo ukuthi kunezinhlobo eziyisikhombisa zamabhantshi ahlukene ngezindlela zabo zangaphandle nendlela yokuphila.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi kukhona izinyoni. Kunezinhlobo ezingu-35 ezihleliwe lapha. Futhi ngesikhathi sebusika, izivakashi zifika, zikhangwa inani elikhulu lembewu namajikijolo. Ngakho lapha sebenzisa ubusika ngezinhlobo ezingu-10 zenyoni ezisenyakatho. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zomngane omnyama, ama-falcons nama-grouse, ama-eagles, izizathu zokungcwaba.

Imvelo enjalo engavamile iheha abagulisi bezinambuzane, ama-mushroom pickers kanye nama-berries abaqoqi. Izivakashi eziningi ziza lapha ezihlala emizaneni, emakamu, emakamu namahhotela. Izindawo zokuhlala zakwaSamara zonyaka ziheha abantu abathandi bemvelo ezindaweni zabo. Ukuphathwa kwendawo kuzama ukwakha zonke izimo ukuze labo bahambi babe mnandi futhi bajabule ukuba bazungezwe la mahlathi amahle kakhulu.