Impilo - iyona ... uhlelo kanye zezempilo

Ukunakekelwa kwezempilo - umqondo ngawo wonke umuntu ubhekene ekuphileni kwakhe, njengoba ukubhekisela udokotela iyisici evamile emphakathini. kusebenta kwato kanye indima, uxhaso kanye nokwesekwa, ukuthuthukiswa, kanye nokwehla - lokhu ga tetenhlalo letibalulekile. Basuke esihlelwe isimo, kodwa isixhumanisi main esikuziphathimandla kuyinto womuntu. Lolu hlelo yakhelwe kuye, nguye isihloko ku esigabeni se-sphere yezokwelapha ngamunye.

Ukunqunywa welithi "impilo"

definition Okugcwele nokuqondakalayo welithi "impilo" kungatholakala umthetho, + okuwukuthi, umthetho kahulumeni kusukela 21.11.2011 ngonyaka №324-FZ "Ngesisekelo Ukuvikelwa zezempilo Russian Federation" lanamuhla zamanje. Lo mbhalo uthi impilo - lokhu ingenye amagatsha womsebenzi isimo, okuyinto ihlose ukuhlinzeka usizo lwezempilo ifinyeleleke labantu ezingeni elifanele. Yiqiniso, lokhu ingenye amagatsha ebaluleke kakhulu umsebenzi wombuso, ngoba umphakathi abaphile sáka emzimbeni kuphela uyakwazi ukwakha umbuso onamandla.

Lowo Mbhalo wangonyaka we okwengeziwe igcizelela ukuthi ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kazwelonke - iqoqo izinyathelo zomthetho, yenhlangano, iimali kanye nezinye ezinikeza zonke izakhamuzi kanye nemisebenzi emkhakheni wezokwelapha.

Ohlelweni lokunakekelwa kwezempilo: umqondo futhi eziyisisekelo izimiso wokumiswa imisebenzi

Ohlelweni lokunakekelwa kwezempilo - iqoqo zonke izinsiza zomphakathi, izikhungo nemisebenzi yokuthuthukisa izinga lezinhlelo bezokwelapha kuleli zwe.

I postulates eyisisekelo khona kwakhona yokubopha izimvu, bahlanganisa:

1. Umthetho kwamalungelo wobuntu e ukuhlinzekwa kwezinsizakalo yezokwelapha zesimanje.

2. High ngokwehla kwezinga lokunakekelwa kwezempilo.

3. Priority eziphuthumayo ukunakekelwa ngezokwelashwa izingane.

4. umthwalo wezomthetho isimo nemithetho yendawo boMnyango isimiso, ukwehluleka kanye nezinye izinto ezingekho emthethweni ukuthola zokwelashwa izakhamizi.

5. Wawuyini umgomo wazo izintshisekelo isiguli.

6. okuqinile ukunamathela imfihlakalo sikaHippocrates e kwezokwelapha.

7. Ukutholakala kwezikhungo zezempilo.

8. Ukuthuthukisa izinyathelo ezikhona kanye izikhungo zezempilo.

Lezi zimiso eziyisisekelo sezisunguliwe WHO kuwo wonke amalungu UN ikhwalithi kanye nekufinyelela emisebentini yezokwelapha iye enikeziwe ezweni ngalinye, kungakhathaliseki isimo, indawo, izikhundla zezombusazwe kanye nezinye izinto. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-World Health Organization - kuyinto ekhethekile ahlukene United Nations Institute, okuhlose ukubhekana nezinselele zomhlaba ekunakekelweni kwempilo.

Izinjongo uhlelo lwezempilo

Izinkinga zempilo eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:

1. Ukuncishiswa umonakalo labantu ngenxa nokuhlinzekwa ngokunakekelwa kwezempilo ngesikhathi esifanele futhi izinga.

2. Ukuphathwa kwezimali, ekutholeni usizo lwezempilo.

3. Kuniketwa emkhakheni wezokwelapha kanye izisebenzi eziqeqeshiwe.

4. Idivayisi ye izibhedlela zesimanje zomphakathi nalezo ezizimele kanye nasemitholampilo. izikhungo Health - kukhona izinhlangano ogama imisebenzi yenzelwa ngosizo lwezempilo zomphakathi, uhlu okuyinto ichazwa nomthetho.

Konke lokhu imigomo kanye nemisebenzi okumele yenziwe kuwo wonke amazinga ukusebenza kwe-indastri wezokwelapha: kazwelonke, esifunda futhi bendawo.

izikhungo zezempilo zomphakathi

Ngokuphambene, ezibhedlela ezizimele kanye nemitholampilo, izinkampani zikahulumeni ngokuphelele noma ingxenye (kusuka 30% kuya ku 90%) zisekelwa kusukela isabelomali isimo. umsebenzi wabo a non-nzuzo, ngakho engabondli abakubo inzuzo noma ezinye imali kusukela umsebenzi.

Ezinjalo zezempilo ezikhona ngesisekelo ukuphathwa zokusebenza kusho ukuzimela limited izenzo uncoordinated. Ngo umkhuba, lezi zinhlangano sihlinzeke izinhlelo zokwelapha ukhwaliti ongaphakeme noma ophansi ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezimali.

izikhungo Private yezokwelapha ohlelweni lwezempilo

Ngokwezibalo, ezikhungweni zezempilo ezizimele utholwa yibo abantu abahola ngaphezu isilinganiso. Amaphesenti ukwelashwa abampofu e nezinhlangano ezifana lincane kakhulu - 3.6%. Umkhuba yokudala imitholampilo ezizimele kubonisa ukuthi ukugxila ikilasi medium and ocebile, ukuthi kubonakaliswa zamanani yabo, lwenhlangano ezombusazwe womhlaba. Imali enkulu yokuqothulwa kwehlathi lase ezizimele ukwenza iminikelo lokwelashwa iziguli.

Ngo nezinhlangano ezifana, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo - kuba yesimanje, isethi ephelele izinyathelo, okuvumela ukuba uthole usizo ngempela eliphezulu.

ngezimali eyanele imithetho yezempilo

Ububanzi impilo - omunye sphere ebaluleke kakhulu umsebenzi kahulumeni, kodwa ngoba izimali zawo kuphambili ezinhlelweni zikaHulumeni. Third World amazwe, okuyinto akukwazi ngokuzimela ngokwezimali uvikelekile kule ndawo, uthola imali eyengeziwe okubhekiswe. Ukuze uthole imithombo yemali engenayo ezidingekayo ezifanele ukwethula umshwalense wezokwelapha, izintela ekhethekile, isimiso izinhlawulo ngenxa yokwephula umthetho ophathelene nezinkampani ezenza Ukuvikelwa impilo.

Impilo ngezimali - kwakha isimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi ukugqugquzela, ukusetshenziswa, yokutakula nokwabiwa okunengqondo izimali, injongo okuyinto ukuhlinzeka usizo lwezempilo kubantu.

Ukunakekelwa kwezempilo: indima kanye nokubaluleka emphakathini wanamuhla

Izinga yentuthuko isimo usukela ukuthuthukiswa izikhungo zomphakathi ezibalulekile, ezifana nezempilo, imfundo, isiko kanye nezemidlalo. Zibonisa isithombe kweqiniso isimo umsebenzi, ukuchuma, imisebenzi labantu, engasenandaba nokuphila emphakathini.

It incike ezingeni impilo wenzalo kanye nokushona, ukwanda kwabantu, ukuhamba kanye nokusebenza. Ukuziba kulesi sikhungo ebalulekile kuholela nokucekelwa phansi ngazinye, kokunganaki, ukunganaki kanye nihilism. Umphumela main engakhi lokhu kungenzeki ukwakha izinga kanye capital womuntu elikhiqizayo.

izinkinga zempilo

Impilo - akuyona nje uhlelo oluyimpumelelo yokunikeza labantu ngezisetshenziswa wezokwelapha, kodwa futhi isikhungo organic okuyinto bakha abantu izindima ezihlukene zenhlalo (odokotela, izikhulu, iziguli, izinhlangano zomphakathi , kanye nabanye.). Nokho, uma okuzenzakalelayo izibopho zayo okungenani eyodwa izikhonzi zalo wokwehlayo ehleleke kahle kungashintshwa ezimbi.

Lokhu kungaba ukwehluleka ukufeza imisebenzi yayo yizikhulu ukuqinisekisa ezibhedlela nasemitholampilo esebenzisa ukudalulwa imfihlo yezokwelapha, kokungenela okungagunyaziwe NGOs enqubeni yokwelashwa, iziguli singayinaki imithetho kanye nokusebenza izikhungo ezifana. Ukuze wenze lokhu, umthetho wasisho ngokucacile amalungelo ethu nezibopho ngayinye izifundo lezi ubudlelwane.

Ministry of Health: ukuzimisela eziyisisekelo imisebenzi

Ministry of Health - kuyinto Federal Ministry, injongo eyinhloko okuyinto ukulawulwa wezomthetho ubudlelwane emkhakheni wezempilo, ukubambisana kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemithetho kanye nezinye izenzo normative-labameli mkhakha womsebenzi womphakathi.

Futhi, isikhungo ecelwa ukuba enze imisebenzi ezikhethekile kakhulu: prophylaxis ukubhebhetheka kwezifo ezithathelwanayo, ukuhlinzeka imithi emakethe impilo ukukhiqizwa ezifuywayo angaphandle, ukudalwa amaphrofayli ezahlukene izibhedlela, imitholampilo, Spas nobungqabavu izikhungo.

Le nhlangano isimo futhi kuhlobene namanye amagatsha kahulumeni futhi ungaphansi emizimbeni. Ikakhulukazi okubalulekile ngobuhlobo obuseduze futhi esobala amazinga kazwelonke, esifunda futhi bendawo, njengoba kaningi kakhulu umkhuba, lona wamuva ungatholi ngezimali eyabelwe zona ngenxa ukweba kanye ukwabiwa kwezimali neziphathimandla zabo.

Umkhakha wezempilo kube into eza kuqala isimo

Umsebenzi oyinhloko isimo - ukudala ukuphila kwakhona kusezingeni eliphezulu. Uma ezinye izindawo kungenzeka okwesikhashana anqandwe ngokweminyaka ku-uxhaso, lo mugqa kumelwe ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthola izimali, okuyinto zinikezwa isabelomali isimo. Futhi, akukho ndawo ngaphansi ebalulekile msebenzi ukwenza ngcono ezobuchwepheshe kanye nemishini, ngokuqondene ukuqhubeka inhlangano enamandla ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kumele kusungulwe. Lokhu livikeleke isimo izinhlelo ezikhona kanye lokuthuthukiswa kwamasu ekuthuthukiseni sithombe. Ukunakekelwa kwezempilo - igatsha le nemisebenzi yezenhlalo isimo, esihlinzeka, futhi kwezinye izimo, ukunakekelwa ngezokwelashwa okusheshayo ezingabizi ukhululekile izakhamuzi.

Ukuhlehlisa umsebenzi yesibili, kodwa kubaluleke iyona nokulungiselela kwabasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe: odokotela, abezimo eziphuthumayo, onesi kanye abezimo eziphuthumayo. Izinga okufanele ukuqeqeshwa kuzosiza ukugwema ukunganaki okwengeziwe, ngobudedengu ukwenza imisebenzi umsebenzi.

Izinsiza zezempilo: imodeli European zedivayisi

Okwamanje, uhlelo lwezempilo lukazwelonke alihlangani zonke postulates lokunakekela eziye obonwa UBANI. Eyokwakha uhlelo yeningi nomphakathi kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukufinyelela ezikhungweni zokwelapha zonke izingxenye sabantu.

izinsizakalo zezempilo - ukunikeza zonke izidingo kwezokulapha ezanele ezikhungweni ezikhethekile, ezikhokhelwayo noma khulula. Kungaba izikhungo basekhaya nabamazwe angaphandle usizo, ububanzi noma emincane-Iphrofayela zemicimbi.

izikhungo zezempilo - yindawo lapho kufanele uthole ukusiza zonke isiguli, kungakhathaliseki ubudala, ubulili, isimo sabo emphakathini noma ingcebo. Yakhiwa intando yeningi e-European uhlelo lokunakekela ezempilo. Lokhu okusezingeni eliphezulu izindleko ezingeni, okuvumela bonke tigaba ukuze angamukeli ikhokhwe kwezinsizakalo zokwelashwa.

ERussia, ngeshwa, isimo Kuthi ezahlukene. Impilo -, ngaphezu kwakho konke, uhlelo olinganiselayo uxhaso, izinzuzo mutual ukusekela imiphakathi kanye nabantu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi le ndawo ubhekwa yomphakathi, naphezu uhlobo ubunikazi (yangasese, isimo noma kamasipala). kumelwe futhi bahlangabezane nezindinganiso ezithile (ukulingana, intengo umahluko, ukutholakala, izinga, indawo elula). Le ndawo kufanele ngakususi ukuphazamiseka ngokungenasizathu nolungagunyaziwe izikhulu kanye nezinye izinhlaka zomphakathi ukuze bavikele izithakazelo zabantu nendluzula isakhamuzi, ukudlala futhi ukuqinisekisa ezingeni elifanele zokuphila.