Imithombo yemvelo ukukhanya: izibonelo. Yiziphi imithombo yemvelo ukukhanya?

Ezikhathini zasendulo, abantu babecabanga ukuthi singabona ngokusebenzisa tentacles-ray abaphuma emehlweni, sengathi uzama uthinte izinto. Kubonakala ayinangqondo futhi iwubuphukuphuku. Kodwa eqinisweni, yini ukukhanya? Yini eyamenza waba Nivelaphi? Hlukanisa emkhatsini ukukhanya imithombo yemvelo kanye yokufakelwa. ukubukwa Modern bathi ukukhanya - kuyinto wave kagesi noma umfudlana izinhlayiyana eziningi zokukhanya. Eqinisweni, ukukhanya kuyinto emisebeni, kodwa ukuthi ingxenye yayo okungase ziqondakala iso. Yingakho ibizwa ngokuthi ukukhanya ebonakalayo. I esiphelweni yokukhanya wathola izinga layo wave. Mayelana okuyinto sichaziwe ngezansi.

ukukhanya

Kuyini lokhu? ngokukhuluma ngokungagwegwesi, kuba wave kagesi. Kubonakala ngamehlo. Nokho, kukhona imingcele okuqonda - kusuka 380 kuya 780 nm. Ngezinye amazinga aphansi kuyinto ekusakazeni ultraviolet ukuthi abantu abakwazi ukubona, kodwa uzizwa. On the isikhumba, kubonakala njengendlela tan. Kukhona emisebeni ngezansi-bomvu, okuyinto ungabona ambalwa nje eziphilayo futhi abantu kusolakala njengoba ukushisa.

Lokhu kukhanya lowehlukile. Uma khumbula rainbow, yena ungumnikazi imibala eziyisikhombisa. Yethula therein onsomi umbala kwakhiwa ugongolo wavelength 380 NM, obomvu - 625, futhi lapha oluhlaza - 500, abangaphezu kuka-purple, kodwa ingaphansi abomvu. ukukhanya imithombo eminingi yokufakelwa zisekelwe emhlophe-oluhlaza. ukukhanya White kwenzeka lapho ukuxuba wonke amanye imibala eyisisekelo - red, orange, ophuzi, oluhlaza okotshani, blue, indigo mpungana.

izakhiwo

Ngenxa isipiliyoni kwatholakala ukuthi ukukhanya kuyinto kagesi endalweni. Uma sikubeka kalula, ukukhanya - kuyinto emisebeni kagesi, okuyinto kungabonwa.

Khanyisa kungaba ozibongayo ukuthi unekhono ukuba adabule impahla esobala futhi umzimba. Ngenxa yalesi ukukhanya kwelanga kudlule emkhathini lingena kalula emhlabathini. Kodwa ngesikhathi refracted. Lapho indlela ukukhanya ihlangabezana umzimba opaque noma into, ukukhanya kubonakala kuzo. Ngakho samukela umbala kubonakala kwamehlo ubone hhayi kuphela umbala kodwa futhi ifomu.

Ingxenye ethile ukukhanya amuncwa izinto, futhi abathukuthelela. izinto Bright musa nokushisa up okuningi njengoba amnyama ngokuthi adonse ukukhanya okuningi futhi ibonisa kancane. Yingakho sibheke amnyama. Ibhubesi ulwazi obusizungezile, kuziwa ngokusebenzisa emehlweni. Siyabonga kuye, sihlaziya konke. umbono Good ezindinganisweni eziphakeme kakhulu ukusebenza kahle elihlobene ne ukukhanyisa.

imithombo

Umzimba, kusuka lapho ukukhanya lusuka, futhi imithombo ukukhanya. Kukhona imithombo yemvelo kanye yokufakelwa ukukhanya. Ethandwa kakhulu kubalulekile umthombo engokwemvelo ukukhanya - ilanga, okungukuthi emisebeni yelanga - ekhazimulayo inkanyezi ukusakaza ukuthi ifinyelela ebusweni iplanethi yethu awukukhanya eqondile ehlasela umzimba. Ezweni zemvelo, futhi yini ukunemba kakhudlwana e spectrum kwakhona imisebe ultraviolet, okuyizinto ezibalulekile ukuthi abantu. Diffuseness - okungukuthi nobuntu ukukhanyisa zemvelo. Kuyinto ezikahle ze umbono. Uma siqonda imiqondo eminingi, ungakwazi uqhubekele incazelo yokuthi kuyinto - yokufakelwa futhi zemvelo ukukhanya imithombo.

imithombo yokufakelwa

Kwaze kwaba ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, komthombo yokufakelwa yokukhanya kwaba umlilo kuyo yonke ukutolika yayo. Kamuva, ngenkuthalo waqala ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha ukukhanya imithombo kagesi. Iminyaka ecishe ibe ngamakhulu 130 eminyaka yokuphila kwabo, umlilo avuselelwa cishe ngokuphelele - kwakukhona ngamafutha izibani zokukhanyisa, amakhandlela. Manje asetshenziswa uma kukhona ingozi esiteshini lapho yahlatshwa ubalekela ukukhanyisa lobusuku romantic, ukudala indawo ezifanele. Ngo ukuhamba, lapho izibani ocucuzayo, wasebenzisa bekhanyise isiketekete. Ukuze Ukusabalala ethe xaxa ungenza umlilo.

Koster - bokuzenzela noma yemvelo umthombo wokukhanya? Kuyadingeka ukuqonda. Flame wokushisa Amahlumela ezomile kanye ilangabi ikhandlela, sikaphalafini igesi nokunye - kuyimithombo yokufakelwa. Ngithanda wazi esinye isici. Artificial imithombo abantu ungakwazi ukulawula ukukhanya.

Bahlulelwe kanje: leso simiso umlilo ovuthayo bebodwa, enika ngisho ukushisa. Eduze kungenzeka zishise, ukubona ebumnyameni abangane ehlezi phambi nokucula nge isiginci. Njengomlilo - kuba umthombo engokwemvelo ukukhanya. Unika ekukhanyeni kwakhe nalo njengoba inyanga. Kodwa ube eseqala ukucima, kunesidingo ukuphonsa izinkuni. I izinkuni, ilangabi ngaphezulu. Ngakho, ke zingalawulwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umlilo ekuqaleni wadala izivakashi ngokwabo. A imithombo ezenziwe umuntu yilezo wadala umuntu. Yingakho lesi siphetho: umlilo - kusenzima umthombo wokukhanya i yokufakelwa.

Artificial nazo amadivaysi technical, isakhiwo okuhlukahlukene. Lokhu ama-globe kagesi, spotlight, izibani zikagesi, nokunye. emizimbeni khona okungakwazi akhipha ngokuzimela, futhi likhipha ukukhanya kubonakala, ezifana the Moon.

Ukuhlolisisa okuyinto imithombo ukukhanya kukhona yemvelo.

imithombo yemvelo

Wonke amabhizinisi, kusukela yiwo ogelezela ukukhanya yemvelo, kufanele kwenziwe isibaluli imithombo yemvelo. Bangabaholi imithombo yemvelo ukukhanya. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyini ekushayweni amagagasi njengoba impahla samabanga aphansi noma. imithombo ukukhanya wemvelo zidlala indima ebalulekile empilweni sazo zonke izinto eziphilayo. imithombo yemvelo imvelo kungukuthi kulawulwa indoda:

• Ukukhanya kwelanga.
• Fire liwumthombo engokwemvelo ukukhanya.
• Starlight.
• Ukuvutha ezihlukahlukene zezilwane nezitshalo.

Futhi lokhu akuyona lonke uhlu. Ungakwazi uhlu imithombo ukukhanya lemvelo. Izibonelo: ilanga, ohangulayo Julayi usuku, izinkanyezi ukuthi kungabonwa ebusuku futhi wababeka yinqaba umlaza umbani, edwengula uthukulule amafu, a inkanyezi enomsila nge nomsila zikanokusho, noma Borealis aurora, enhlobonhlobo futhi ngimthande. ukukhanya wemvelo kungase kubhekwe njengokuvamile Akhazimulayo otshanini, efana okusanhlamvu kancane igolide, izinambuzane, nezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi, kubalulekile cishe elintantayo phansi kolwandle.

igesi interstellar

igesi Rarefied igcwalisa isikhala phakathi izinkanyezi. Negesi esobala. Ingxenye esemqoka igesi interstellar siyenzeka eduze indiza Galactic. Lesi sendlalelo has a ukushuba eziningi engamakhulu pc. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali iyafana kakhulu izinkanyezi - kuyinto e-hydrogen, helium kanye izinhlayiya ezincane esindayo. Negesi iwuhlobo athomu, ezinto ionized, zonke sincike ukuminyana futhi lokushisa. Negesi ubamba imisebe ultraviolet, futhi njengembuyiselo yayo amnike amandla etholakalayo. Ultraviolet emisebeni ukusuka izinkanyezi ashisayo, iqala ukufudumeza igesi. Le gesi is ke uqobo uqala ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana zokukhanya. Indoda ibukele ngaye njengomahluleli ongenamizwa esigaxeni elikhanyayo.

bioluminescence

izwi olukhohlisayo kusho ikhono sezinto eziphilayo sengathi siyakhazimula. Lokhu kuyikhono kufinyelelwa noma nguwe noma usizo nezilwane eziphila. Igama lesiGreki "bios" kusho ukuphila. A "Isikhala sayo esingaphakathi" Latin - ukukhanya. ithalente ezifana kwasekelwa izwe kungokwalabo wonke umuntu. Lokhu kudinga emizimbeni elikhanyayo ngokukhethekile futhi onengubo umzimba asethuthukile. Ngokwesibonelo, e photophores inhlanzi, ikakhulukazi unicellular organelles eukaryotic ku cytoplasm kwamagciwane. Masikhumbule ngokhanyikhanyi, nento lapho izilwane zasemanzini ezihlala phansi olwandle (olwandle olujulile squid, radiolarian). Bioluminescence - umkhiqizo izinqubo zamakhemikhali, amandla ukuthi ikhishwe uma iqala wehluke awukukhanya. Ngamanye amazwi, kuba uhlobo olukhethekile chemiluminescence.

radio

Le nqubo kubangelwa ithonya ionizing emisebeni. Okunjalo zamakhemikhali ukuthi ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana gamma futhi-X ray, i-alpha, izinhlayiya beta, sebenzisa ukufinyelela ungqimba radioluminescent e izinto ezithile. Ngokwesibonelo, odayi okuyinto aqukethe nenye zinc sulfide ne izinto umthombo emisebeni ionizing, ihlaba umkhosi ukukhanya isikhathi eside. Le nkathi ulinganiswa eminyakeni eminingi noma ngisho emashumini eminyaka. izinto ezinjalo kabanzi upende okhethekile. Bakhandwa camera okokudayila, amadivaysi.

Wokusakazeka ukukhanya

Khanyisa unekhono bend azungeze izithiyo nazo endleleni yayo. It is basakaza emgceni locondzile. Futhi akukho okunye. Ngakho-ke, i-isihloko ongenayo izakhiwo esobala kwakhiwa isithunzi. Akukhona njalo shadow omnyama. Ngakho kanjani ehlakazekele kubonakala imisebe yokukhanya avela nezinye izinto. Lena abaculi ikakhulukazi eyaziwa.

Imishayo ukukhanya abakwazi ukuba adabule umgoqo amnyama. Ngokwesibonelo, uma inyanga phakathi kwelanga nomhlaba, futhi kungakho kukhona ukusitheka kwelanga.

imithombo Khanyisa. "Zezıhlabane" futhi "abandayo"

Cabanga ukukhanya imithombo yemvelo. Izibonelo iziphethu ezishisayo - ilanga. Akukhona nje kuphela umthombo oyinhloko ukukhanya, kodwa futhi ukushisa. Ngakho-ke, ukuqonda ukukhanya womuntu - kungakho ukushisa. lava Zezıhlabane, okuyinto ivame ngokushesha phansi emthambekeni intabamlilo, igcizelela esiningi ukushisa, kodwa ukukhanya Kuthi kancane.

"Cold" ukukhanya zonke uhlangane nabo empilweni yami. Lokhu aurora, ngokhanyikhanyi, ibunga. Kodwa izidumbu abanikazi yokukhanya ezinjalo ngeke nokushisa.

ukukhanya Point

Ekuhloleni izenzakalo yokukhanya, umqondo "iphuzu ukukhanya umthombo". Akukho ukutholakala ukuthi yonke imithombo ukukhanya yobukhulu bawo. Umthombo engokwemvelo ukukhanya liyinkanyezi. Sun - oyisichwe ophuzi. Kunezinkanyezi okuningi jikelele, kodwa amadoda ziqondakala njengoba iphuzu imithombo yokukhanya, ngoba kude omkhulu kusukela kule planethi yethu.

Sengiphetha, ngizothanda ukubalula omunye imithombo yemvelo zokukhanya khona yethu efayo - kuba injabulo! Kwangathi bangathula ungavumeli ushiya futhi akhanyisele indlela yakho yokuphila.