Imigodi - kuyini? imigodi kudivayisi

"Imigodi" - igama ekuqaleni elihlobene ne imivubukulo umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu. Kamuva wathola isebenza geodesy imivubukulo, ukwakhiwa, ngemisebenzi yobunjiniyela ucwaningo. Yiziphi imigodi? Kuyini lokhu? isakhiwo izici zabo futhi, thina sihlolisise.

Hole: Definition

Leli gama e nokwakheka esiqokiwe imbobo mpo noma enalokho kuthambekela emhlabathini ukucinga kanye ukuhlola izidubedube. Isigaba engu- amadivayisi enjalo esiyindilinga (obizwa nangokuthi Dudko), unxande, sikwele. The main isici - izilungiselelo elincane 800 kwabangu-4000 mm, ukujula -. 40 m Lezi Geological esetshenziselwa odala Uzalo / emqansweni abantu noma izimpahla eziya e kushaft / ebusweni. Ngo inhlabathi okuxekethile, lezi amadivaysi kudinga uvala imishayo ukuvimbela fraying.

Banikezwe ngenhla, akunakwenzeka ukuba siyithathe kalula imigodi. Okusho ngaphandle, kufanele ucabangele ngokucacile ukusetshenziswa, imihlobo idivayisi.

Fields of kwesicelo

Zine eyinhloko ukusetshenziswa imigodi:

• ukutadishwa esigabeni Geological;
• zalokho amasampula komhlaba kungukuthi libhujiswa dwala;
• ubunjiniyela emkhakheni nocwaningo Geological;
• izifundo hydrogeological.

Njengoba singabona, kwenkululeko imigodi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ezinwetshiwe.

izinhlobo

umsebenzi Ucwaningo lolu hlobo wenziwa izinkomba ezimbili eziyinhloko:

• be-Geotechnical;
• injongo ekhethekile (wasebenzisa ukuhlola isimo siqalo, umgomo oyinhloko - ukuthola imbangela ukusonteka).

Ngu usayizi imigodi zihlukaniswe amaqembu amathathu:

• Small. Ukujula - 3 m Njengomthetho, amadivayisi njenge angadingi nenkanuko edlulele .. Avame elisetshenziswa izifundo zobunjiniyela (angu-60%).
• Isilinganiso. Ukujula akuyona ezingaphezu kuka-10 ukuphakama. Kakade kuhlinzekelwe ukupholisa Ngezinye kudivayisi yabo. Ushona akhiqizwa Rig imishini.
• Deep. nesenzakalo sepharamitha -. 10 m asetshenziselwa imisebenzi ekhethekile.

imigodi kudivayisi

Ukuze ukufakwa izikhungo ezinjengalezi lingasetshenziswa njengoba imodi ibhukwana, futhi ukusetshenziswa imishini ezikhethekile.

Amapharamitha esiyinhloko imigodi akhethiwe kuye imisebenzi ehlose, enhlabathini. usayizi ezinconyiwe:

• Kukanxande, sikwele cross-section: 1250 mm x 1000 1000 x 1500 mm, 1500 mm x 1500, 2000 x 1500 mm. ipharamitha Akukhetheki incike zedivayisi ukujula: lapho emgodini ukuphakama 3000 mm - 1250 mm no-10 000 mm - 1,500 mm kuya 20,000 mm - 2000 mm, 20 000 mm - 4000 mm.
• A isiyingi cross-section: 700 1000 mm. Inqawe nge ikhefu 10 000 mm - ububanzi hhayi ngaphansi kuka-650 mm, abangaphezu kuka-10 000 mm - kusuka 700 1000 mm.

Yiziphi imigodi, ukuthi kuyini, siyazwisisa. Manje cabanga imininingwane kwezicelo ukwakhiwa.

Imiphini, injongo ekhethekile

Isisekelo yilona isisekelo sendlu. On ikhwalithi isimo incike ukwethembeka kwayo yonke isakhiwo. ukuhlolwa Ngakho ngesikhathi esifanele - kuyingxenye ebalulekile emsebenzini wokulungisa nokwakha. Imigodi ucwaningo kusebenza lokhu okulandelayo:

• Superstructure phansi ezengeziwe, hhayi zaba ku okusalungiswa yasekuqaleni. It ucubungula isimo isisekelo kanye nekhono mthwalo owengeziwe kuso.
• retooling Technical. Ngo ukwakhiwa - esikhundleni, sesimanje amanethiwekhi zobunjiniyela.
• Ukulungisa. Ukuhlola ubuqiniso umsebenzi.
• Ukubukeka imifantu olungaphambili lwesonto isakhiwo, Ukuhlanekezelwa eminyango. ukukhubazeka okunjalo ukhuluma ngani ukusonteka isisekelo.
• subsidence isakhiwo engavumelekile. Lokhu ethile kungaholela futhi ukubhujiswa okuphelele kwalelizwe isakhiwo.
• Lapho ihlela ukuba kube ithebhu entsha eduze isisekelo ekhona. It uhlolwa umthelela kungenzeka engakhi lomunye.

Izimbangela ukusonteka kungatholakala ngokusebenzisa imigodi.

Inani izifundo ezinjalo - kungenzeka ekuboneni isici isisekelo futhi ukwa yayo bawabulale. Izizathu eziyinhloko ukuthi nethonya eliqondile esisekelweni isakhiwo, kungaba:

• Inzika. Abakwazi buthelela futhi bawashaya indiva isisekelo. Okweqile ngenhla imvula isilinganiso angase avuse ukhulisa amanzi phansi, nakho kube nomthelela omubi esisekelweni.
• Amanzi ukuvuza nezokuxhumana. Ngo parallel, ucwaningo ngesimo sabo kungaba kwenziwe.
• Okumbi compaction isizinda kanye backfill.
• Lokufuduka inhlabathi izingqimba maqondana nomunye kanye nabanye.

ukuhlonza Esifike Ngesikhathi izimbangela ukubhujiswa isisekelo nokususwa yabo kungaba bandise nokuphila isakhiwo.

Ikakhulukazi imigodi ukwakhiwa

Ingabe Zikhona Izimo Ezenza ezinomthelela kukhethwa indawo isifundo:

• lo ukusonteka osobala angomunye isakhiwo;
• kakhulu ukulandwa isinqamu isakhiwo;
• uma eziningi-ekhaya, esifundweni kwesigaba ngasinye echayeke;
• ebukhoneni izisekelo ezengeziwe, futhi zihlolwe;
• Ngesikhathi kulungiswa yokunquma indawo lapho efakwe umthwalo esindayo izindonga kanye nokwesekwa.

Imigodi sijulise ngezansi ezingeni isisekelo, ukuze bakwazi ukuhlola isimo substrate.

Iribhoni isisekelo ukuhlolwa kungaba kwenziwe ngaphakathi esakhiweni nangaphandle. Mgodi bemba ukuze ukufinyelela base.

Ngoba izisekelo columnar kungaba izinhlobo ezintathu kude ucwaningo:

• Ababili-indlela. Eneka izinhlangothi ezimbili eduze nokusekela.
• Corner. Futhi nahlanza ezimbili izinhlangothi base, kodwa ububanzi nengxenye.
• Ipherimitha. Isetshenziselwa ezimeni eziphuthumayo, uma kudingeka ocwaningweni olunzulu nasezizathwini sona kanye isisekelo, futhi inhlabathi eduze.

Imigodi asetshenziswa ekwakhiweni encane, ayimigodi akuvamile ophansi.

izinhlobo zocwaningo

Yini izinketho ucwaningo usizo umkhiqizo imigodi kukhona? Kuyini lokhu? Yini kunendaba ukuhlola isimo isisekelo?

Ukuze siphendule le mibuzo, bheka uhlu ucwaningo:

• I nesenzakalo kwesisekelo ukujula. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi le value yiyona isisindo, ukuphakama isakhiwo kanye phansi.
• Ubukhulu. Ukuhambisana imibhalo project.
• Uhlobo namandla idatha.
• Ukuthola izici nezimbangela zabo.
• Izinga izimpahla ezisetshenziselwa. Kutsho izibonelo zalokho futhi zocwaningo laboratory.
• Ukuphepha nekhwalithi ungangenisi amanzi.
• Ukushintsha mpo.
• Isimo substrate.
• Ukuba khona ukusekelwa.

Izifundo ezinjalo zisiza ukucacisa ukuphila inkonzo isakhiwo; kungenzeka umsebenzi sokubuyisela, wengeze i phansi ezengeziwe.

Njengoba singabona, ukuze overestimate ukubaluleka kumadivayisi ezifana umgodi embonini yezokwakha kunzima.

La imiphumela emibi ukusetshenziswa imigodi

Ngezinye izikhathi, le miphumela elandelayo singenzeka nge kude idivayisi:

• umsindo ekubhubhiseni izakhiwo zikakhonkolo;
• ukungcola nothuli;
• izinkomba ukukhula umswakama;
• izikhukhula, uma ungenziwanga ukuthuthwa kwabantu ngenxa yengozi esifike amanzi asemkhathini;
• ukwephulwa base ungangenisi amanzi;
• ukulahlekelwa ukusetshenziswa izinto okumele okwaxoxwa;
• nobunzima ukunyakaza eduze amasayithi okwaxoxwa.

Kubalulekile ukuthi wonke umsebenzi wenziwa ngaphansi kokuqondisa ochwepheshe. Lokhu kuzosiza ukugwema ezinye nemiphumela engemihle.

izifundo Geodetic futhi imigodi

Ngisho ngesikhathi esiteji design, umphumela obalulekile izifundo geodetic, okuyinto ikuvumela ukuba kutholakale uhlobo inhlabathi, amanzi phansi ukujula, khona Izinsiza komhlaba nokunye. Lezi idatha ukusiza ukunquma uhlobo isisekelo, Ukujula kwawo kanye Izinsiza, kanye umbono ekwakheni izinto, nokuningi.

Ngakho-ke, isicelo zocwaningo usebenzisa imigodi esigabeni design inquma ikhwalithi nobude besikhathi isakhiwo esizayo wokuphila. "Yiziphi imigodi, ukuthi iyini; ama-apharathasi nezici zabo; ukubaluleka imisebenzi isakhiwo, ubunjiniyela kanye geodetic "- isihloko langempela kanye nombono. Ngalezi amadivaysi, ungakwazi bandise nokuphila isakhiwo ubudala futhi bandise nokuphila isakhiwo kokuba bazakha.