Inethiwekhi yobuchwepheshe: izigaba, izici zokuklama

Njengamanje, inethiwekhi yobunjiniyela ikhona kunoma iyiphi indlu. Akunakwenzeka ukucabanga ikhaya lanamuhla ngaphandle kwalo. Inethiwekhi yezobunjiniyela iyisistimu yokushisa, ukuthuthwa kwamanzi kanye nokunikezwa kwamanzi. Ochwepheshe bahlanganisa imiklamo yazo zonke izakhiwo ezingenhla, zangaphakathi nangaphandle, ukuze kube lula ukuxhaphazwa kwabo okwedlule izakhamizi. Abaqeqeshi bakhe ama-engineering amanethiwekhi kanye nezikhungo ngendlela efanele nangendlela efanele, ukuthi izinhlelo ziye zakhonza iminyaka eminingi.

Amaphrojekthi wokuxhumana wobunjiniyela wangaphakathi

Idatha yokucushwa ihlanganisa izinhlelo ezilandelayo.

1. Ukushisa.
2. Ukuqothula umlilo.
3. Ukuphumula.
4. Isimo sezulu.
5. Ukuthuthwa kwamanzi nokugeleza kwamanzi.
6. Ukunikezwa kwamandla.
7. Ukukhanyisa.
8. Izaziso zabantu mayelana nomlilo.
9. Ukuzenzekelayo.

Amaphrojekthi wangaphandle wezinhlelo zobunjiniyela

Idatha yokuhlela ihlanganisa amanethiwekhi alandelayo.

1. Ugesi.
2. Ukushisa.
3. Ukuqhutshwa kwegesi.
4. Ukuthuthwa kwamanzi nempayipi.
5. Ukuxhumana nokukhanya kwangaphandle.
6. Imigudu kanye nabaqoqi.
7. Izindlela zokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi okuhlanzwa amanzi.

Izinyathelo zokuphepha

Abaqambi kufanele bathathe umthwalo wabo wemfanelo ngomthwalo wonke wemfanelo, njengoba ukwakhiwa kwamanethiwekhi omsizakalo kudinga ukunakekelwa okukhulu nokuqapha. Uma ukuhluleka okungalindelekile kwenzeka kwenye yezinhlelo, khona-ke zonke ezinye zizokwehliswa. Izinsizakalo zokwakha ezihlinzekwa yinhlangano ehlakulela amanethiwekhi omnjiniyela yizibalo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuxhumana okukodwa noma ngaphezulu. Ochwepheshe abenza imisebenzi enjalo akufanele bavumele ukunganakwa kwenzeke ngenkathi kwenziwa imisebenzi yabo. Isimo sengqondo esingathí sina kulo msebenzi sibhekene nezinhlekelele ezingabangela ukuphila kwabantu.

Ukuphumula umoya kanye nesimo somoya

Ukuklama kwezinhlelo ezinjalo kwenzeka ezinyathelweni eziningana. Okokuqala, uhlelo olucatshangelwe luhlelwe. Khona-ke izifiso zomthengi ziyacatshangelwa. Izinguquko ezihambisanayo zenziwa ngesisekelo sabo. Kuphela emva kwalokhu iphrojekthi "ehlanzekile" ihlelwe. Uma usebenza ohlelweni lokunikezela nokukhipha umoya wokuphumula, ochwepheshe kufanele benze izibalo eziningi zobuchwepheshe. Kubalulekile ukubala inani lamaphuzu wokukhipha nokuhlinzeka izinhlelo, hlola ukufaneleka kwekamelo kanye nevolumu yayo. Ngemuva kokuqedela zonke izilinganiso ezidingekayo, ochwepheshe kumele balinganise izindleko zemishini, izinto nokufakwa. Kumele futhi banqume isikhathi sokusebenza kwazo zonke lezi zinto.

Uhlelo lokushisa

Induduzo kanye nobudlova ezindlini zezindlu zokuhlala ekwindla-ebusika kuxhomeke ekuklanyeni kwekhwalithi yokushisa. Ukuze kwenziwe uhlelo olusebenzayo lwesistimu yokushisa, ochwepheshe kufanele bafunde izindlu zokutholakala kokushisa. Kumele bafike esikhungweni bese benza zonke izilinganiso ezidingekayo endlini ngayinye yendlu. Abasebenzi kudingeka bahlole isimo seminyango, amafasitela nezindonga. Ngemuva kokuthola yonke idatha ehlola isimo sendlu, ukuklanywa kahle kwesistimu yokushisa kwalesi sakhiwo kwenziwa. Ochwepheshe bangakhetha ukusetshenziselwa kwayo enye yezinhlobo ezimbili zokushisa: umoya noma amanzi. Ngamunye walezi zinhlobo kunezinhlanganisela zayo nezincane, ezicatshangelwayo ekwakhiweni kwamakamelo ngabanye.

Ukutholakala kwamanzi

Njengama-sewers, uhlelo lwamanzi lungahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezimbili: ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Owokuqala uhlanganisa i-wiring yenani elikhulu lamapayipi ukuhambisa amanzi endaweni, kanye nokufakwa kwemishini: izibhamu, isitsha sezindlu zangasese, ukucwilisa kanye nokuhlunga ukuhlanza. Inethiwekhi yesibili yobunjiniyela ngumgwaqo omkhulu owela emgqeni ophakathi.

Izici zokuhlinzeka ngamanzi

Uhlelo lwezinhlelo zokuhlinzekela izindlu ngamanzi lubophezele kakhulu. Ingena ezindaweni zokuhlala ezivela ngaphandle. Okushisayo kumele kudliwe emakhaya okushisa okuphezulu okungama-75 ° C. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amanzi abandayo, kuhlanganise namanzi okuphuza, awenziwa emazingeni okushisa angafika ku-30 ° C. Amanzi angena ezinkambisweni zomphakathi. Ukunikezwa okuvela emithonjeni yemvelo, njengendawo (imifula, amanzi, amachibi) namanzi angaphansi komhlaba.

Amanethiwekhi okuthungatha

Izindlela zobuchwepheshe zalolu hlobo zihlinzekela ukwakha ukwelashwa kwamanzi kagesi amafecal. Kumele ifakwe kwinethiwekhi yokuthuthwa kwamanzi emaphakathi. Ukwakhiwa kwesistimu yangaphakathi kunamapayipi amaningi epulasitiki afakwa ngaphansi kwemishini yokugeza (ibhuku, indlu yangasese kanye nokugeza).

Ukunikezwa kwamandla

Inethiwekhi enjalo yobunjiniyela iklanyelwe kuphela ukungena kumakhodi wokwakha ne-akhawunti. Ukwakhiwa kwalesi sikhwama kuxhomeke ezifisweni zomthengi, angakwazi ukucacisa ukuthi izisekelo nezitshintshi zizofakwa kuphi. Isici ngasinye lapho kugesi kuhlinzekwa khona kumele kuboniswe ekwakhiweni.