Imbobo Mahhala ka Vladivostok, yini? Imbobo Mahhala ka Vladivostok: ngokucophelela ngobuhle nangobubi bawo

Imbobo Mahhala ka Vladivostok kuyinto endaweni imbobo lapho kukhona ekhethekile amasiko umbuso. Le phrojekthi waqala ukusebenza muva nje, ekwindla ka-2015. UHulumeni has amathemba okusezingeni eliphezulu ngaye. Ake sibone ukuthi yini izinkinga ohlelweni olandela zone kwezomnotho "khulula port Vladivostok", okusho ukuthi lo mqondo futhi esiyibika ukuqaliswa Russian kwalolu hlelo.

indawo wezoMnotho kanye ezindawo ka Primorye

I "Imbobo mahhala Vladivostok" kuhlanganisa eziningi port izindawo nemizana ezahlukene Primorye, kanye nemizila ezokuthutha, iminyango kanye nezokuxhumana kubo. Kuyinto ekahle kwezomnotho kanye kwendawo yesifunda emenza umqondo yokudala ukuhweba zone ekhethekile lapha.

Primor isendaweni eningizimu-mpumalanga yeRussia. Ngecala langasentla it is izungezwe i eKhabarovsk Krai entshonalanga - ne China, eningizimu-ntshonalanga ne-North Korea, futhi empumalanga ngu ePacific Ocean. Isikhungo zokuphatha yesifunda lingumuzi Vladivostok, labantu okuyinto okwamanje idlula ayizinkulungwane 600. Man.

Lolwandle Primorsky Krai oluneziqhingi coves nasemathekwini, efanelekayo okuthumela umkhumbi navigation.

Konke ezicashile ngenhla wadlala indima enkulu e yokuthi ngokusebenzisa onqenqemeni isikhathi eside babe ezweni nasolwandle emizileni eyinhloko yezohwebo. Imizila yezokuthutha eziyinhloko Trans-Siberian sesitimela nePacific ulwandle imizila.

Umlando lomuzi kanye ne-port ukuthuthukiswa

Vladivostok baba port khulula ngo-Okthoba 2015. Nokho, inomlando side yentuthuko.

Vladivostok owasungula ngo-1860 njengekamu lamabutho empi, aklanyelwe ukuvikela imingcele Empire Russian nge China futhi imizila yezohwebo. Nakuba ngaphambili ukuthi lezi zincwadi ezibizwa ngokuthi ulwandle bay, lapho idolobha esizayo sasikhona. Kakade 60s kwekhulu elidlule kule ndawo babe lezifiki zokuqala zomsebenzi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo echwebeni lakhiwa. Kusukela 1861 kuya ku-1909 wayenobuhlobo isimo eyabuyiswa muva - port khulula.

Kusukela ngo-1888 Vladivostok yaba umuzi nezwe Maritime, ukushintsha isimo eKhabarovsk, yini okumelwe ngiyikhulume sokuthuthuka okukhulu. Ngu 1891 kungukuqala sokwakha sesitimela Trans-Siberian, kwakufanele nomthelela ekuthuthukiseni esifundeni. ukwakhiwa Iqedile wesitimela kwaba ngo-1916. Nge ethule Vladivostok isibe ihabhu obalulekile wabahwebi ujantshi Trans-Siberian nePacific ulwandle imizila. Namuhla ukubaluleka ukuhweba port okwengeziwe anda.

Phakathi Yombango, Vladivostok bekuyingxenye isimo sesikhashana Ekude Eastern Republic, futhi kwaba umuzi omkhulu lase-Amur Zemsky onqenqemeni, kunokusebenza amaBolshevik.

Njengoba sekunama-amandla Soviet Vladivostok wahlala umuzi omkhulu we Maritime Region, futhi laba isizinda sokuqondisa we elalisanda kumiswa Territory Primorsky ngo-1938. Waqhubeka ukuthuthukisa kanye ne-port. Kwakuphakathi nenkathi yamaSoviet, imali kwezimpahla ifinyelele ngezinga elingakaze libonwe ngaphambili.

yesimanjemanje

Ngemva kokuwa eU.SSR ku Russian Federation, Vladivostok iyona sokuqondisa Primorye. Ngo kowezi-2000, umthamo namanye amazwe ethekwini safinyelela 0.7 bhiliyoni zamaRandi ngonyaka, futhi ngo-2009 imali ukuhweba kudlulwe kumathani ayizigidi ezingama-15.

Izinhlobo ezinkulu izimpahla amazwe eRussia ngokusebenzisa echwebeni kukhona izimoto, imishini kagesi izingubo, ukudla. imikhiqizo okungenisiwe steel, kwasolwandle, ukhuni. Izikhombisi eyinhloko ukungeniswa nokukhishelwa emazweni angaphandle: China, Japan, I-USA, EKorea nakwamanye amazwe esifundeni Asia-Pacific.

High inzuzo amazinga kanye nentshisekelo ekukhuleni kwayo eminye zaphoqa imibuthano kahulumeni ukucabanga ngokupha echwebeni a amasiko nesimo esibalulekile.

Ukuthuthukiswa khulula umqondo port

Sekuyisikhathi eside Umqondo yokudala port khulula e Vladivostok, noma, njengoba abakubiza ngokuthi isimo esinjalo zomthetho, port khulula, kwaba emoyeni. Lapho ukuthi idolobha eyabiwe isimo esinjalo phakathi nesikhathi uMbuso Russian e 1861-1909, ngokulandelana. Ngakho isibonelo.

Okuningi futhi kuphuthuma kakhulu le ndaba iye yazuza kusukela esethulweni lwezijeziso, yalahla iRussia, eziningi amandla Western. Saqala ukuba avele ezihlukahlukene imibono sendlela ukhuthaze nabanye abalingani bamazwe omhlaba abafanele ukuze wandise ivolumu wokubambisana ne Russia. Enye yalezi imibono kwaba echwebeni mahhala Vladivostok. Kusho ukuthini ngoba esifundeni kanye nomnotho wonkana, lokhu kwakwenqatshelwe, ukucabanga abantu baqonde kahle.

Ekuqaleni, lo mbono sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi ezingeni lendawo, Abasensimini Primorsky, kodwa kamuva kuso babehlukaniswa kakhulu ukukhuluma phezulu.

semthethweni

Eyokuqala isitatimende ezinkulu emathembeni wokusungula ekhethekile amasiko zone Abasensimini Primorsky senziwe Ngasekupheleni kuka-2014. Vladivostok isiphakamiso yokunika isimo port khulula ngoDisemba senziwa umphakathi nguMengameli yeRussia. Kakade ekupheleni kwenyanga iphrojekthi elele uhlelo yentuthuko Russian Federation.

Phakathi no-July 2015 V. Putin wasayina umthetho akunika ekhethekile amasiko nesimo Vladivostok namanye nezimbobo futhi Territory Primorsky, kodwa Waqala ukusebenza kuphela 12 Okthoba. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi Vladivostok yaphinde yaba port khulula.

Izinhloso yephrojekthi

Ake sizwe ukuthi yini imigomo iphrojekthi "Imbobo Mahhala ka Vladivostok." Lokho kusho osopolitiki kanye zezomnotho nokuqaliswa kwalo?

Yezinjongo eziyinhloko bezingelwa saloluhlelo ukwandisa inzuzo ezindaweni port Abasensimini Primorsky, futhi zizenza amaphuzu ezinkulu elisendleleni esifundeni Asia-Pacific. Kufanele ezandisa ukuhweba kulezi izimbobo, kokubili umthamo nokuhlanzeka value imigomo. Ibuye ihlose neqhaza ekukhuleni GDP yezwe lilonke, nokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda lesifunda (ikakhulukazi ezokuthutha), ukunwetshwa ubudlelwane ukuhweba nge parterres, ukwandisa namasevisi ahlobene ukucutshungulwa, ezokuthutha kanye isitoreji kwezimpahla.

Cishe ngaso leso, ngalokho izindlela kuzobhekwana nazo lezi imisebenzi, sizoxoxa ngezansi.

isimo Legal kanye nokusebenza indlela

Manje sesifikile isikhathi ngokukhethekile ukukhuluma ngalokho okushiwo ukukhulula port Vladivostok kusukela iphuzu lomthetho umbono, futhi yini lo mshini umsebenzi project.

Isimo port khulula eqala non-ayanda amasiko zone of the State likabani indawo echwebeni isendaweni endaweni yayo. Okungukuthi izimpahla, woza lapha, asidingi zavunyelwa. Le nqubo kwenziwa kuphela uma umkhiqizo iqala ukuya ezweni, amasiko alo endaweni. Ngakho hauliers ukonga isikhathi kanye nemali. Akudingeki ukuba enze amasiko imvume izimpahla futhi ukhokhe imali ngoba.

Mahhala Port - kuwumsebenzi-free zone ukungeniswa nokukhishelwa emazweni angaphandle kwezimpahla. Njengoba ungacabanga, lokhu isimo kufanele ukuheha zenethiwekhi nezinye izinkontileka. Ikakhulukazi ezifana namasiko zone kunenzuzo ngoba izifundo ukuhweba umsebenzi international, okuyinto edingekayo zesiteji okuthunyelwe zokuthutha olwengeziwe.

Ngaphakathi kwemingcele Mahhala Port elula visa umbuso, owethulwa izinyathelo ezikhethekile ukusekela kwezamabhizinisi, eziningi izinzuzo e kubalwa. Lokhu isimo akuyona kuphela kunikela ubudlelwane ukuhwebelana kwamazwe omhlaba, kodwa futhi Ukuthuthuka kohwebo wendawo.

Kuyadingeka, okokuqala kunakho konke, ukwazi abantu abafuna ukuqonda ukuthi yini ethekwini mahhala Vladivostok, ukuthi lisho ukuthini.

Mangisho ukuthi phakathi nesikhathi uMbuso isiRashiya, ngaphandle Vladivostok lokhu isimo, kwadingeka uTheodosius, Batum, Odessa futhi eziningi nezinye izindawo port.

ubuholi

Abaholi balezi Mahhala Port iphethwe yiBhodi ekhethekile Supervisory, esakhiwa amanye amalungu iziphathimandla zikahulumeni kanye lendawo. umsebenzi wakhe oyinhloko iqondise izenzo uhulumeni nawesifunda iziphathimandla zaseRussia, kanye ukugwema ukuphazamiseka okungenasidingo imisebenzi izakhiwo elilawulayo amasiko zone.

Okwamanje inhloko yabangamashumi Supervisory iBhodi Yuri Trutnev.

ububanzi indawo

Manje ake sibone ukuthi yini uhlobo Territory Primorsky afakiwe amasiko endaweni Mahhala Port of Vladivostok. Lokho kusho ngokuya indawo?

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi imingcele Mahhala Port lunamagama kuphela emachwebeni of Primorye, kodwa futhi eziningi zokuxhumana ezengeziwe, driveways, izakhiwo kanye izakhiwo, kuhlanganise Knevichi sezindiza.

Ngokuvamile port endaweni ihlanganisa 15 izifunda 34 esifundeni Maritime. It osuka kule Zarubino port entshonalanga kuya ethekwini Nakhodka empumalanga nasenyakatho kudlulela umasipala Khanka, kukonke, futhi Lake Khanka.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuvumelana kwezinkambiso zomthetho isiRashiya, isimo esemthethweni Mahhala Port of Vladivostok kusebenza indlela ezokuthutha "Primorye-1" osuka edolobheni Chinese Harbin waya emathekwini esifundeni Asia-Pacific, kanye "Primorye-2" prolegshy phakathi Changchun nezimbobo ku Pacific Ocean.

Ngakho, sinqume ukuthi indawo imbozwe port mahhala Vladivostok, kuba umbono womhlaba.

amathemba ukunwetshwa

Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu Ukusabalala indawo, izinzuzo Mahhala Port of Vladivostok imibuzo mayelana nokwanda kwalo okunye.

Ngakho, i-Sakhalin Oblast Uhulumeni, Chukotka Autonomous District, eKamchatka naseKhabarovsk Territory wazwakalisa isifiso sahlanganisa nenani kwamachweba ukuthi zitholakala ezifundeni zabo, emasikweni zone ekhethekile. Ikakhulukazi, kumayelana nezimbobo ezifana Soviet Harbor, Providence, Petropavlovskiy, Nikolayevsk-on-Amur, Korsakov, Busan, Beringovsky, Ohotsk nabanye.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, inhloko yabangamashumi Lazovsky esifundeni Primorsky Krai ezithenjwayo iinthombe wathi kumiswa zokuphatha yalendawo, ikakhulukazi echwebeni isimo.

Isibikezelo sezulu sezinsuku ukuthuthukiswa

Nakuba kunzima ukuba ahlaziye kahle zonke emihle nemibi iphrojekthi "Imbobo Mahhala ka Vladivostok." Izinzuzo nezingozi nebubi of a ngokucace kakhudlwana kubonakale kithi ngemva kwesikhashana. Noma kunjalo, abahlaziyi abaningi manje benza izibikezelo enengqondo sokuthuthuka. Ngakho, kulindeleke ukuthi ngo-2025 i-omkhiqizo Primorye kuzokhulisa izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezimbili, futhi 2034 - cishe 3.5 izikhathi.

Yiqiniso, ukuze kufezeke ithemba elikhanyayo, kubalulekile ukuxazulula izinkinga of the Free Port of Vladivostok. Ikakhulukazi, isidingo ukuxhumanisa zonke umthetho ndawonye futhi ulungise indlela ye ukusebenza amasiko zone.