I-Waldau Castle: kuphi, isithombe, indlela yokufika khona

Ukuthinta ukudala kungenye yezinhlobo zokuvakasha ezithandwa emhlabeni jikelele. Abagibeli balungele ukuhamba ngenxenye yezwe ukubona izinqaba zasendulo zaseFrance, eNgilandi, eScotland naseJalimane. Eziningi zalezi zakhiwo zineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-800 ubudala, kanti kwezinye zazo zihlala izinzalo zama-knights amakhulu.

Inqaba yaseWaldau, eyakhiwe yizikhulu ezimbili zamaPrussia ezathola izwe kusukela ku-Teutonic Order njengesipho, isaqhubeka zihlaba umxhwele ngobudala nobukhulu bayo.

Ama-Castles we-Teutonic Order

I-Teutonic Order ivela ePalestina ngesikhathi se-crusade elandelayo ngo-1198, lapho kuhlelwe imiyalo emibili - abaphethe izinkemba kanye ne-Knights of the Black Cross ye-Virgin Mary. Ubunye babo babonakala ngo-1237. Abamele balo kwakudingeka bathembele emseni wabanikazi bezwe. Ngokwesibonelo, baxoshwa eHungary ngonyaka ka-1225, futhi base bevele bedabula isimemezelo esivela kunkosana wasePoland uKonrad, owabaphathisa ingxenye yamazwe abo iminyaka engama-20, ngakho-ke bahola amaKatolika amaPrussia ngaleso sikhathi.

Ngakho kwaqala ukunqoba amaPrussian naseBaltic. Igunya le-oda lakhula, njengoba nenani lamazwe alinqobile. Ukuze bathole indawo emisha, amaTeuton aqala ukwakha izinqaba ezingamakhilomitha angu-20 ukusuka komunye nomunye. Kwakungumkhonto onjalo owakwazi ukuwenziwa ngamanqina ezinyawo ngezikhali ezigcwele usuku olunye.

Izindonga ezinjalo zokuzivikela zakhiwa cishe kulo lonke izwe lasePrussia, enye yezokugcina yayiyi-castle Waldau, eyakhiwe eduze komngcele neLithuania. Kwenzeka ngo-1264.

Umlando wenqaba

Kwenzeka ukuthi ukwakhiwa kwenkinga entsha kwaphathiswa abahlonishwa ababili basePrussia abayeklolodela abantu babo nobuqaba. Bamukela ubuKristu futhi bangena ku-oda. Ngenxa yokuthi bahlala beqinisile kuye phakathi neminyaka yokuhlolwa, uMninimkhulu Omkhulu wabanika umhlaba kanye nezinsizakalo ezazihlala kuwo, ukuze zisetshenziswe kuze kube phakade ekwakhiweni kwenqaba. I-Brulant ne-Diabel, njengoba ibizwa ngokuthi izikhulu zasePrussia, ekuqaleni yabeka inqabeni ephakathi eduze nendawo yokuhlala, kancane kancane iqinisa izindonga zayo futhi yakha imibhoshongo.

Isakhiwo sasiyisiphephelo sabahambi, abathengisi, ama-knights nabafowabo be-Order. Ngesinye isikhathi, izakhamuzi zasemizaneni esiseduze zazingase zibalekele enqabeni. Inqaba yaseValdau yalahlekelwa ukubaluleka kwayo ngo-1457, lapho umngcele waseLithuania usuka khona, futhi wakhiwa kabusha okokuqala.

Ngemva kokuguqula amakamelo angaphakathi namakamelo, lesi sakhiwo saba indawo yeGrand Master, lapho ehlala khona ehlobo. Ngemuva kokuguqulwa okwenziwe ngo-1525, le nqaba yayihlala ngokuphathwa kweWaldowski volost.

Inqaba ngemva kuka-1500

Umbono wokuqala wenqabeni uhlukile kakhulu kulokho umhambi angabona khona namhlanje. Ungahlulela lokhu ngokuvakashela iminyuziyamu "Castle Waldau" (Kaliningrad), lapho ukuhlelwa kwe-citadel yasendulo kuboniswa khona.

Ngaphambili kwakukhona igceke elikhulu lesigcawu elizungezwe izindonga ezinamandla, ezinamandla nemibhoshongo ephuma kuwo. Izakhiwo ezihlanganisiwe kulezi zinkimbinkimbi zahlukaniswa zaba amakamelo lapho kwakhiwe khona izinsizakalo zezomnotho namagumbi okuhlala abantu abaphawulekayo.

Ngodonga oluseningizimu kwakunezinzile, izindawo zokugcina izinto ezinezikhali nempahla, amakamelo ezinceku kanye nekhishi. Kamuva, bahlela i-brewery ne-bakery. Engxenyeni esenyakatho yenqaba yakhonza njengendlela yokungena kwayo kuphela. Njengoba lakhiwa esiqhingini phakathi kwechibi lokufakelwa, kwakungenzeka ukuba udlule kulo kwibhuloho eliphakamisa ngokusebenzisa isango elinamandla. Isakhiwo esenyakatho sasihlala endlini yokulinda kanye nejele.

Ngemuva kwe-perestroika ngo-1525, izindonga ezindala zenkampu nombhoshongo waqala ukudilizwa ngemva komunye, futhi isakhiwo esikhulu senziwa kancane kancane waba yindlu enqabeni, futhi emva kokuqedwa kwayo kudluliselwa esizindeni sesizinda sombusi.

Ngo-1697, i-castle yaseWaldau yavakashela njengengxenye ye-embassy yaseRussia uPetru 1, njengoba kuboniswe yimibiko yaleso sikhathi nesiphambano sesikhumbuzo. Ekhulwini le-18, inqaba yangaphambili yaqashiswa uhulumeni wasePrussia, futhi kwafakwa khona isifundo sezolimo lapho, okwabe sekuhlelwe kabusha emhlanganweni wesonto ngo-1870, lapho othisha baqeqeshwa khona ezikoleni zomphakathi.

Waldau emva kweMpi Yezwe II

Namuhla, i-castle Waldau (iKaliningrad), isithombe esitholakala kuzo zonke izincwajana ezinokuvakasha zedolobha, libukeka lifana nokuthi laliyizikhathi zikaPeter Omkhulu. Ngenxa yokuthi eminyakeni eyi-150 edlule kwakukhona izikhungo ezehlukene zemfundo, yayingakhulumi kahle Ezinye izinqaba ze-Teutonic Order.

Wahlupheka kahle kokubili iMpi Yezwe Yesibili Nesibili, futhi kusukela ngo-1945 kuze ku-2007 kwakukhona isikole sezolimo lapha, iphiko lesokunxele elalinikezwa ehostela.

Castle namhlanje

Ngonyaka ka-2014, ukugubha iminyaka engu-750 yaleso sakhiwo kwagubha umkhosi, ngenxa yokuthi inqaba yaseWaldau iphinde ishintshwe. Insimu yayo yahlulwa, ipaki yafakwa ngendlela efanele, futhi izindlu ezimbili zendabuko zakha izindlu ezintsha. Kwesinye isonto lezinzalamizi zaseRashiya, futhi kwelinye - i-museum "Castle Waldau", ukubuyekezwa okuvelele kakhulu.

Namuhla inqaba inikwa isihloko sesikhumbuzo samagugu amasiko wezinga lesifunda. Wahlanganiswa ohlelweni lwezivakashi eziseduze neKaliningrad nesifunda.

I-Castle Museum

I-Waldau Castle inikeza izivakashi zayo umbukiso osemakamelweni amane esiteji sokugcina sesakhiwo sasendulo. Imiboniso yokuqala yenziwe ngothando ngumqondisi wemyuziyamu nabafundi bakhe esihlahleni - lezi zibalo ezimele abalimi nabasolwa ngaleso sikhathi.

Ekamelweni lesibili kuboniswa izinto zokuphila kwansuku zonke kanye nomhlobiso wabantu basePrussia kusukela esikhathini sobuqaba nokuqala kokunqoba ama-Templars.

Ikamelo lesithathu ngumlando, izikhali zempi kanye nama-knights we-Knights Templar kusukela ekwakhiweni kwenqaba.

Ingxenye enkulu yalokho kuvezwe yizinto ezitholwa emvubukulweni ezenziwa enqabeni yendlu. Emadongeni kukhona izizukulwane zezizukulwane eziningana zabanikazi beqhawe, kuqale nabasunguli bayo. Lapha ungabona izakhiwo ezimbili zenqaba - ukubukeka kwayo kwasekuqaleni nokubukeka ngemuva kokuguqulwa enqabeni.

Igumbi lesine lizinikele ekuvakasheleni inqaba nguPeter Omkhulu, isikhathi seNapoleonic, iMpi Yezwe Yokuqala Neyesibili. Ukuziqhenya ngokukhethekile kweyamamyuziyamu yizinto eziyingcweti yaseJalimane uMaximilian von Schenkendorf, owayehlala lapha ngo-1805.

Engxenyeni yesifunda saseKaliningrad kunamaphesenti amabili ezinqaba zeTeutonic, kodwa eziningi zazo ziyizicucu ezinhle kakhulu. Ngokwezinga elithile, lesi yisikhathi sokuvakashela indlu ehlala eWaldau. Ungafika kanjani? Kulula kakhulu - nje thatha itekisi № 110 Kaliningrad-Ushakovo, okuyinto ugijima njalo ihora kusukela 6 ekuseni kuya 9 pm. Yeka emzaneni waseNizovye, lapho kulula ukuhamba khona into ecatshangelwe.