I-Sputnik Miranda: i-Frankenstein yeSistimu Yelanga

Kusukela esikoleni sesayensi yezinkanyezi, mhlawumbe, wonke umuntu ofundela ukulinganisa uqhathanisa nesakhiwo selanga. Iqukethe amaplanethi amane, ahambisana nomhlaba womhlaba, njengezinqamuzana eziningi zegesi nesibhande se-asteroid - uhlobo lwemingcele ehlanganisa yonke uhlelo. Amaplanethi amabili, uSaturn no-Uranus, anezindandatho. Futhi okokugcina kwezingxenye ezithakazelisayo kakhulu zendandatho kungacatshangwa ngokuthi i-satellite Miranda. Ngakho umzimba ongavamile we-cosmic ohlelweni lwethu awusasekho.

Ama satellite amakhulu kunawo onke e-Uranus: ama-Maranda nabanye

Okwamanje iplanethi iphethe cishe izinyanga ezingamashumi amathathu. Izazi zezinkanyezi zisola ukuthi empeleni ziningi zazo, kodwa kuze kube manje akukho okutholwa okusha okwenziwe kule ndawo.

Ama satellite amakhulu kunawo onke e-Uranus anamahlanu. Lezi zimbini ezinkulu kunazo zonke zatholwa isosayensi uHerschel kanye nokutholakala kweplanethi efanayo, futhi kwenzeka ngo-1851. Owokuqala waqanjwa ngokuthi u-Oberon. I-orbit yayo ikude kakhulu kusuka kumhlaba wasemhlabeni, futhi yona ngokwayo inamaphesenti angu-1530 km. Isici esiyingqayizivele kukhona ukuchichima kwama-craters, okukhulu kunawo wonke okungaphezu kuka-200 m ngaphesheya. I-satellite yesibili etholakala yi-astronomer yabizwa ngokuthi iTitania. Kuyinto enkulu nakakhulu - 1600 km, kodwa ithwala ama-craters amancane, esikhundleni salo yi-grid of valleys and canyons.

Amanye ama-satellite amakhulu amabili "atholakele" yi-astronomer Lassell ngo-1851. Omunye wabo - Umbriel - yiwona omnyama kunayo yonke indandatho ye-satellite, eyesibili - i-Ariel - elula kakhulu. Ngokusho kokucatshangelwa, nakho kuneminyaka yobudala kunazo zonke phakathi nenyanga.

Futhi okugcina nguMiranda, i-satellite eyatholakala kamuva, ngo-1948, nguGerard Koiper. Ngenxa ye-probe ye-Voyager 2 nolwazi olutholakale ngo-1986 kuye, le nyanga iye yafundiswa kangcono kunezinye, ezakha i-ring ngase-Uranus.

Amagama ambalwa mayelana namagama ezinyanga

Akuwona wonke umuntu owaziyo ukuthi yikuphi "i-Miranda". I-satellite ibizwa nge-heroine kaShakespeare edlalwa ngokuthi "The Storm". Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi zonke ezinye izinyanga nazo zibizwa ngokuthi abadlali be-bard yesiNgisi. Isibonelo, uTitania no-Oberon - abalingiswa bomsebenzi "Iphupho Lusuku LwaseMidsummer".

Okungaphezulu kakhulu

I-satellite Miranda ingaziwa ngokuthi iyingqayizivele ezinhlotsheni eziningana.

1. Lena inyanga esiseduze no-Uranus.
2. Kuzo zonke izinto eziphawulekayo ngokwesayizi we-satellite, i-Miranda iyona encane kunazo zonke - ububanzi bayofinyelela ku-480 km kuphela.
3. Le nyanga ine-angle enkulu yokuthambekela kwe-orbit ngokuphathelene ne-equator.
4. Ngokwezibalo zezinkanyezi, uMiranda washintsha ukubonakala kwawo ngokuphawulekayo izikhathi ezingaphansi kwezingu-5 emlandweni wayo. Futhi lokhu akusho ukuthi ama-craters amasha abonakala noma abhubhisa lezi ziqhingi, zichaza ngezikhathi zonke izici ezintsha okungenani ngamaphesenti angu-70.
5. I-Miranda yi-satellites ehlala njalo ihlangabezana nokushintsha kwezinkathi. Yiqiniso, isikhathi lapho "isimo sezulu" esingashintshi khona, sineminyaka engama-42.

Zonke lezi zici zinikeza ososayensi ithemba lokuthola okungalindelekile nokukhuthazayo esikhathini esizayo.

Ukubukeka kabi

Kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke i-Miranda, i-satellite ye-Uranus, iyamangaza ngokungafani kwayo. Emibuthanweni yesayensi, inyanga iqhathaniswa nesilo saseFrankenstein. Izazi zezinkanyezi zithi zonke izinhlobo ze-geological ezitholakala kwi-satellite zitholiwe, ezitholakala kuphela ezindikimbeni eziqinile ze-Solar System. Into efana nobukhulu obuncane, ngokusho kwemibono yabososayensi, kufanele ibe nefomu elifanayo ngokwengeziwe. Izindwangu zokudla, eziphethe i-satellite Miranda, zibeka abacwaningi ekufeni. Ingqikithi enkulu kakhulu yale nyanga ifinyelela amakhilomitha angu-15. I-curious ibalwe ukuthi, ngokucabangela amandla okukhangwa eMiranda, kusukela phezulu kwayo kuzodingeka ukuthi iwele cishe ingxenye yesigamu sehora.

Ngenxa yokuthi "i-Voyager", ebusweni be-satellite itholakale iningi lemikhosi ephakeme kunazo zonke.

1. I-Arden - ibekwa e-hemisphere, ebizwa ngokuthi ukuhola.
2. U-Elsinore, owakhulela e-hemisphere, waziwa njengesigqila.
3. Inverness, eseningizimu yaseningizimu.

Kodwa ngisho nangaphandle kwalezi zintaba zezintaba, ubuso buhlanganiswa neziphambeko eziphakeme kakhulu ezingeni eliphezulu. Amathafa amakhulu agwetshwe yiziphambeko ezijulile. Ngokuvamile, i-satellite ifana nenqwaba yemifucumfucu emikhulu ibuthana ndawonye.

Izici zomzimba nezendawo

Ukwaziswa okucacile mayelana nokuthi i-satellite ye-Miranda iqukethe, kuze kube manje, izazi zezinkanyezi azikwazi. Ukubheka okubonakalayo okuthathwe ku-Voyager kuvumela umuntu ukuba acabange ukuthi indawo enyangeni iqukethe i-ice evamile, ehlanganisa uchungechunge lwezinhlanganisela ze-carbonates ne-silicates. Kubonakala sengathi kunamaphesenti amancane e-ammonia. Eminyakeni lapho "ubusika" ubusa phezu kwengxenye yenyanga, izinga lokushisa kule ndawo liyehla ku-213 ngaphansi kwe-zero - ukushisa kwe-cosmic kuncane kakhulu.

Imibono yokwenza i-Miranda

Iningi lemizamo yezazi zezinkanyezi linamathele ekuqaliseni i-geology eyinkimbinkimbi yenyanga. Okwamanje kunamaphuzu amabili.

Owokuqala uthi i-satellite i-Miranda eseduzane esedlule ihlangene nomzimba omkhulu wezitho zomzimba, okwesinye isikhathi isisindo sakhe sasidlula eyakhe. Cishe, into ebulalayo nayo yayinejubane elihle. Lokhu kuhlasela kwathumela inyanga zibe yizicucu. Kodwa ngaphansi kwethonya lamandla adonsela phansi, uMiranda, emva kwezigidi zeminyaka, wakwazi ukuhlangana phakathi, nakuba kugcinwa amafomu aphikisayo. Izinhlayiya ezincane, ezingathandwa yinyanga evuselelwe, zangena emasongweni ase-Uranus.

Abasekeli benkolelo ehlukile bakholelwa ukuthi ukungalungi kwe-satellite kubangelwa izinqubo zangaphakathi. Umthelela oqinile weplanethi enkulu enyangeni yaholela ekubambeni ukuthi ingqikithi yayo yaqala ukuguqula nokuguqula. Kodwa-ke, ingaphakathi lishisa kakhulu, okubangela ukufana komsebenzi we-geological futhi ngenxa yalokho - ukubonakala kwezinguquko ezibonakalayo.