I RTS Inkomba - kuyini? Luhlelo RTS

Izilinganiso stock exchange ezamenyezelwa iziteshi federal, izibalo ezibonisa imiphumela zokuhweba, egcwele nge-inthanethi. Into wukuthi lezi yizinkomba kubalulekile emnothweni yeRussia. izakhamuzi zethu akufanele ube uhlobo imibuzo: "RTS - kungcono" Isiko ulwazi Ukuhwebelana isitokwe kubaluleke kakhulu sokuthuthukisa wonke umphakathi. Ikakhulukazi ukuthi lolu lwazi ngokwawo ezithakazelisayo futhi kuyajabulisa.

Kafushane mayelana isitokwe indices

Ngomqondo wanamuhla Inkomba isitokwe - ngezinga elithile umthelela yokuthengisa izibambiso kanye nezinye izimpahla emakethe ethile (ngokuvamile esimweni esihlukile). Isikhathi esining impela ucaphuna kungaba njani yesimo sezomnotho noma izingxenye zayo kanye nezimboni. Ngokwesibonelo, RTS Inkomba (mayelana Stock Exchange ngokuningiliziwe - ngezansi) yayisekelwe isimo e izinkampani elikhulu embonini kawoyela kanye umkhakha. Abanye abahwebi bakholelwa ukuthi indices kubalulekile ayizikhombisi we Dynamics, hhayi Inani lamanje.

Stock izinkomba ayaboniswa ezikhethekile zokuhweba amapulatifomu, Ukuhwebelana ngokuvumelana omunye amafomula ezivame kakhulu. Okokuqala, kungaba arithmetic isilinganiso ukubala "unweighted" uhlobo. Kulokhu, ukubaluleka amafa sihlanganiswe futhi yahlukaniswa uzimisele zihilela exchange abahlaziyi. Okwesibili wayekwenza izibalo isilinganiso ukubala "kwesamba" uhlobo lapho intengo yezimpahla ibalwa for amasampula. Okwesithathu, Jomethri kusho kuyinto ukususwa izingcaphuno ngilokhu abalulekile (ngokuvamile njalo ngemva kwezinyanga ezintathu). Njengomthetho, kuzo zonke izimo kukhona ngeso of izingcaphuno. Izibonelo - igrafu RTS noma MICEX.

RTS kanye MICEX. Ukuhlanganisa Ukuhwebelana

I-Russian isitokwe izingcaphuno ngokusebenzisa 2011 ukuboniswa ezimbili eziyinhloko isitokwe Ukuhwebelana - MICEX futhi RTS. Isici esiyinhloko ngamunye wabo kwaba umsuka. MICEX wadala inhlangano yasebhange kanye nokusebenza Exchange, njengoba izazi zikholelwa, lahlelwa ukuze kuzuze lezo zakhiwo. Futhi, RTS yasungulwa wabathengi, bezimali, futhi lokhu kunomthelela ukuthuthukiswa ezithile kule ndawo. Kuthathwa abahwebi abaningi, ayesekhulile ngokuya ubuchwepheshe. Phakathi abahlaziyi ke uye wazakhela umbono ekhethekile mayelana imininingwane ethwala i-RTS: ngenxa misebenzi ukuthi sekukhona ngokusebenzisa imishini okuhle kanye nezinhlelo. MICEX baba ngaleyo ndlela indawo yokuhweba izibambiso yenkampani, amasheya uhulumeni. Nokho, ezinye izazi ziye ngokuthi lokhu exchange olandelanayo (kuqhathaniswa RTS) nengenawo amenable ukuba sibe sesimanje.

Ekupheleni kuka-2011, Ukuhwebelana ezimbili bayalekelelana uhlu olulodwa kwamatayitela kwamiswa adayiswa kusayithi elisha. Izinkampani ohlwini ukwabelana owawungumnyaka RTS wangaphambili, zawa uhlu Classica futhi RTS Standard. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, emkhakheni ngokuthi "core emakethe" ukuhweba babé amafa ayengaphansi MICEX.

RTS Inkomba: Amaqiniso

Ukubala of the indices on the RTS stock exchange lwenziwe ngo-1995. Ekuqaleni kwakukhona 13 izinhlobo izibambiso. Trade basungula ngenkuthalo kanye namasheya iphothifoliyo kancane kancane lakhula laba izikhathi ezimbalwa kweshumi. Osomabhizinisi Kwasheshe kakhulu iziphi izinzuzo RTS Inkomba, okuyinto ithuluzi esikhulu edonsa dolobha. Inani elikhulu kunawo wonke RTS ukuhweba iphothifoliyo sabhalwa ngo 2008, ngezikhathi zabo 2500 amaphuzu. I share ngobukhulu e izingcaphuno kwakungekaNkulunkulu ngobukhulu Corporations Russian ( "Gazprom", "Lukoil", "Play"), kanye izakhiwo ezifana "Rosneft" VTB "Surgutneftegas". Luhlelo RTS, njengoba umthetho, zibonisa isimo sangempela konke la mabhizinisi.

I MICEX Inkomba: amaqiniso

MICEX Inkomba waqala izobalwa ngo-1997 esekelwe imiphumela izibambiso ngidayisa, yayiqhutshwa nsuku zonke. Isici esiyinhloko ngidayisa phezu exchange, ngokuvumelana abanye abahlaziyi, wukuthi ukubala izingcaphuno lamasheya was ngaphakathi accordance nga amanani in ruble.

Lokhu kuholela iqiniso lokuthi MICEX futhi Russian RTS yayo eseduze "imbangi" ungase ubonise Dynamics ezahlukene ngokuphelele ngesikhathi izinguquko of the ruble ezimakethe exchange angaphandle nedola laseMelika. Kwenqwaba ukuhweba sokuthandaza, esasibonisa MICEX futhi RTS, njalo kwakhiwa isakhiwo esifanayo - uwoyela negesi izinkampani, amabhange ezinkulu amabhizinisi ezimbonini.

Yiziphi ikusasa?

Futures - isivumelwano zamazwe amabili phakathi abahlanganyeli zezimali emakethe idethi ethile zizokwenziwa ezinye idili. Lapho usuku bavumelana nesikhathi zenzeka, elinye iqembu ethengisa kwempahla, kanye nezinye - ukuthenga. Kuvele Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo wukuthi ikusasa akuzona impahla noma ukuvikeleka. Leli thuluzi njengoba injalo manje uvele sibonga kuphela e-commerce amakhono kanye brokers ukubhalisa izivumelwano virtual phakathi abahwebi. Ngo ikusasa, kukhona imingcele ezimbili eziyinhloko - lwefa kanye eside yesivumelwano.

Kukhona futhi imigomo eyengeziwe kuthengiselana, njengokuthi "umkhaza" (izinguquko kungenzeka e kunani lobubanzi), inani zokuphepha, ukulinganiselwa noshintsho intengo. abahwebi abaningi bayavuma ukuthi ikusasa zokuhweba - kuyithuluzi eliphumelela kakhulu inzuzo ezingeni elifanele ingozi. Uma ukuthengiselana akuphumelelanga ukulahlekelwa kungaba obonakala khulu. Kodwa, esikhundleni salokho, uma inkontileka ukuba uphumelele - abadayisi kungaba uthole isizumbulu eside. Into esemqoka, ngokusho kwabanye ochwepheshe zezimali, ukucacisa, njengoba kufakazelwa ikusasa igrafu. I RTS Index (kuyini, sithole aphume), ikakhulukazi, kuthinta isimo e corporations wezwe ngobukhulu futhi ukuthengiselana ngesisekelo izibambiso kudinga esinokulinganisela ekuhloleni kumasegmenti abadayisi.

RTS - kanye yesikhulumi kangcono ikusasa?

Abanye abahwebi bakholelwa ukuthi RTS wayengomunye walaba Ukuhwebelana esikahle kakhulu ikusasa zokuhweba. Tibangela abalithandayo ngaphezu kwakho konke yokuthi kule ndawo kwakukhona imibandela "udonga" ngempumelelo (hedging) izingozi. A abadayisi kungaba ukhethe amatshe, ukwakha isiphakamiso sokumisa ikusasa imali eningi: phezu RTS Inkomba inkampani noma izibalo kusho izingcaphuno. Okukholakala bezimali index RTS wayebhekwa ezingeni olusemthethweni, ngakho ukudayiswa ikusasa phezu exchange isitokwe besihambisana nesiminyaminya zezimali okusezingeni eliphezulu. By the way, intengo yamasheya - impela inkomba acacile isimo sangempela izindaba emnothweni Russian.

Ngokufaka ibe kuthengiselana e ikusasa kwi RTS, abahwebi ukukhokha umehluko phakathi izinyathelo ezimbili - nokuhlolwa yesivumelwano futhi izindleko ekwenzeni lokho okuhleliwe. Kuvele ipharamitha ezibalulekile ngesikhathi ukusebenza e ikusasa - ngokwesilinganiso exchange acashuniwe, okuyinto eqondiswa ngesikhathi endalini ivaliwe. Ukufinyelela inkontileka mutual phezu RTS bacishe bonke abadayisi, ngisho noma inhloko-dolobha yabo zisezincane (kodwa kulokhu bazokwazi ukuxhumana nezinhlangano nomdayisi). Phakathi bezimali ukuze babekholelwa isikhathi eside ukuthi imvelo elikhulu ikusasa zokuhweba - lena RTS ukuthi ngokwanele ukulinganisela inkomba zezimali.

Kusukela lapho kwakuxhomeke MICEX ikhotheshini?

Ngaphambi MICEX RTS Wajoyina abahwebi kwaholela ukuhweba kwakhe, kodwa ikhumbula ezinye izici ezikhethekile. Abahlaziyi uqaphele ukuthi izinkomba phezu exchange imiphumela ziqhamuka kuphothifoliyo kwekulu, izinkampani liquid kakhulu Russian. Isici esiyinhloko we MICEX Stock Exchange, ngokusho kongoti, kwakuwukuthi izingcaphuno yafakwa embukisweni ruble. Ochwepheshe abaningi zezimali cabanga Inkomba weemali ikakhulukazi stock market we Russian Federation. Ngokusho izibalo zabo, eminyakeni engaba ngu-90% of the inzuzo ukwabelana Russian ewela MICEX. Ukushintsha izingcaphuno phezu exchange njengoba abanye abahlaziyi bakholelwa ukuthi ngokuyinhloko sincike eziyimbangela ezinkampanini ezifana "Lukoil", "Rosneft", "Gazprom", kanye kule "Savings Bank". Kwakukhona, ngokusho kwabanye ochwepheshe, imithetho ukuthi ukunquma ukwencika MICEX indices on Ukuhwebelana angaphandle kanye nemicimbi ngamazwe. Ezinye bezimali Kukholelwa ukuthi kuhlanganiswe eMoscow Exchange uMnyango ube usufaka izici eziningi ngaphambili ngqo MICEX.

izimakethe Stock phesheya

MICEX futhi RTS, futhi kamuva - the Moscow Stock Exchange, ezibhekwa inkomba eyinhloko stock market Russian. Kuyathakazelisa ukubona ukuthi ahlelwe exchange kanye Inkomba izinhlelo kwamanye amazwe. Ake uqale nge-United States. Kungenzeka iyona edume kunayo isitokwe Inkomba emhlabeni - Dow Jones Industrial Okumaphakathi. Kulinganiselwa engaphezu kweyikhulu. Eminyakeni yokuqala ka ukuqala Inkomba babe namasheya izinkampani 12. Manje izibambiso kwakhona kweshumi eziningana izinkampani abakhulu e-US. Nokho, njengoba kwaphawula u-abanye abahlaziyi, inkomba Dow Jones Industrial Isilinganiso adayiswa ivolumu lamasheya nxazonke 20% yonke stock market US kuphela. Ngakho-ke, kusukela iphuzu Ngenxa ekuhloleni isimo umnotho lokhu ikhotheshini exchange engameli ngempela.

E-US, kukhona Inkomba Standard & Poors '500 kanye ukujikisa igama elifanayo ukwabelana efakwe ohlwini izinkampani anamakhulu mahlanu. Kuyinto inhlokodolobha nokusebenza kakhulu uma ziqhathaniswa izingcaphuno uhlu we-Dow Jones. Ikhaya US Stock Exchange, lapho ukwabelana adayiswa amabhizinisi zobuchwepheshe - NASDAQ. Izinkampani ezingaphezu kuka-5,000 ivezwa kule sayithi. EJapane, umthengi oyinhloko - kuyinto Nikkei, Germany - DAX, France - CAC. Engumakhelwane Russia, futhi, kufanele yabo ezimakethe zamasheya. E-Ukraine, lokhu RFTS, Kazakhstan - Kase.