I-Reserve Opuksky: isithombe, unyaka wokusungulwa. Uphi ukugcinwa kwe-Opuk?

Unyaka wokudalwa kwe-Opuk isabelo se-1998. Le ndawo yemvelo eyingqayizivele ensimini yaseCrimea yenzelwe ukutadisha bese igcina izitshalo, imfuyo kanye nezikhumbuzo zakudala ze-peninsula. Esigciniwe ungabona izilwane ezingavamile, ukuzwakalisa izindawo zokubhujiswa zasendulo nezinye izinto eziningi.

Indawo:

Uphi ukugcinwa kwe-Opuk? Itholakala eCrimea, engxenyeni eseningizimu yeKench Peninsula. INtaba i-Opuk iyingxenye yokugcina. Kwakungukuhlonipha kwakhe ukuthi waqanjwa ngamagama. Futhi, insimu yolondolozo ithatha iLake Koyashskoe namadwala akwa-Elken-Kaya.

Incazelo emfushane

Indawo yendawo yokugcina yaseRussia i-1592.3 ha. Kulezi, amahektha angama-62 ayingxenye yendawo yamanzi yaseNnyama, kuhlanganise neRocks-Ships, elitholakala ngamakhilomitha amane ukusuka ogwini. Intaba ifana negquma elikhulu elizungezwe yizingxenyana ezinamandla kanye nokuqhuma okujulile kwe-tectonic. Lokhu kuhlukanisa i-Opuk ibe yizivimbela ezihlukene, ukwakha indawo enhle kakhulu.

Ngenxa yezici zezulu nezama-orographic, kwakhiwa izingqikithi ezihlukahlukene ze-floristic, ze-faunistic ne-landscape endaweni yesigodi. Futhi kulo lonke elaseCrimea abanakho ama-analogues.

I-Flora

I-Russian Opuksky Nature Reserve inezinhlobo ezingu-766 zezitshalo. I-452 yazo - i-vascular ephakeme kakhulu, i-176 - algae, 113 - ezihlukahlukene zama-lichen kanye nama-16 - bryophytes. I-nucleus ephilayo yimihlobo engu-48. Izitshalo eziningi zingavamile kakhulu futhi zifakwe ohlwini eNcwadini Ebomvu. Isibonelo:

• I-safari yesafroni;
• Ama-tulips e-Shulk ;
• U-Katran Mithridates nabanye abaningi.

Imfuyo

Esigodini seRussia Opuk kukhona i-fauna ehlukene kakhulu equkethe izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane. Iningi lizilwane ezingenasici. Izinhlobo ezingu-30 zezilwane ezincelisayo, izinhlanzi ezingu-411, izinyoni ezingu-205 nezilwane ezinwabuzelayo ezingu-9. Eziningi zivame kakhulu futhi zifakwe ohlwini lwe-Red Book, ezingu-8 ziluhlu lwaseYurophu kanti ezingu-87 zivikelwe yi- Berne Convention.

Ezikolishi, izakhamuzi ezihlala unomphela ziyi-marble, izibhamu ezinomsolo namatshe. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ezinwabuzelayo ezingavamile: zheltopuziki, skids, adder steppe nezinye.

Inqolobane ye-Opuksky ihlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili zezinyoni endaweni yayo. Kulezi, izidleke ezingu-54 zakhiwe, 33 ziyakusihlwa, 112 zifuduka. Phakathi kwezinyoni kukhona izinhlobo ezingu-32 ezingavamile ezitholakala eNcwadini Ebomvu. Isibonelo:

• I-Pink starling;
• I-Oatmeal blackhead;
• I-Bustard;
• Ogar;
• I-Saker nabanye abaningi.

Kusukela ezilwaneni ezincelisayo kuphila izinhlanzi, izimpungushe. Ezingavamile:

• I-jerboa enkulu;
• I-Steppe ferret ;
• I-bat is Mediterranean;
• Ihhashi leHorseshoe likhulu.

ELwandle OluMnyama, kunezinhlobo eziningi ezingavamile, ezinye zazo ezifakwe ohlwini eNcwadini Ebomvu:

• Ihhashi lolwandle olwandle olumnyama;
• Ukubhalwa okumnyama;
• Iqhude lolwandle;
• I-salmon ye-Black Sea;
• Izintambo zeDolphin namahlengethwa e-bottlenose;
• I-Mediterranean monk seal.

Londoloza i-Opuksky: izikhumbuzo zomlando nezamasiko

Emthambekeni osenyakatho ukhona intaba yamandulo yaseKimmeric. Emaphethelweni asempumalanga ye-Opuk - Citadel entabeni. Kunezindawo eziningana zasendulo ezisezindaweni ezihlukene zezinqolobane. Ngenxa yomsebenzi we-archaeologists, basinda kuze kube yilolu suku. Ngamunye wabo uyingqayizivele futhi unayo "i-zest" yayo. Emthambekeni osentshonalanga weNtaba i-Opuk kunesikhumbuzo sezombusazwe ezisezempi V. Mospan no D. Vizhull.

Izikhangibavakashi

I-Russian Opuksky Reserve, isithombe esisekulesi sihloko, sinokuheha okuningi. Kukhona imigwaqo ekhethekile yemvelo :

• Ipheshana elithi Opuk.
• Phakathi kolwandle nolwandle.
• I-Coastal.
• Elken-Kaya.

Enye yezindawo eziyingqayizivele yiLoyashsky Rose Lake. Ihlukaniswe nolwandle nge-perrosyp engamakhulu amabili namashumi amahlanu. Umbala obomvu wechibi kanye nolwandle olucebile oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngaphandle kokudala umbono omuhle kakhulu. Le chibi yilowo usawoti kakhulu eCrimea. Ngaphansi kwalo udaka oludaka. Ngenxa yemithi yayo yokwelapha, ingakwazi ukuncintisana ngokugcwele nodaka lukaSo. Lapha, ikakhulukazi odakeni kuza inani elikhulu lezivakashi zombili izakhamuzi zase-peninsula, nezivakashi zaseCrimea.

Ukujula kwechibi akuyona nje imitha. Umbala obomvana, kungenxa yamakholomu amakhulu e-crustacean artemia ne-algae dunaliella. Futhi ukwehla phezulu kwamatshe aphuma echibini kukhanye ngama-crystals.

Inqolobane ye-Opuksky inezwe lezilwane eliyingqayizivele. I-star starlings ingenye yezimangaliso zale ndawo yasezulwini. Nguyena kuphela eCrimea, ohlala kuwo wonke amakoloni alezi zinyoni ezingavamile. Izinkanyezi ze-pink zifika endaweni yokugcina ngoMeyi zize ziphile kuze kube sekupheleni kukaJulayi - izinyanga ezintathu kuphela. Bese ubalekela e-Asia.

Okunye ukukhanga okuphilayo kwemvelo kungamapulangwe. Amakoloni abo asezindaweni zangaphambili ze-Opuk. Ngokuyinhloko, ukuqoqwa kwamabhantshi kunamahhamba abunayo, inani lawo elifinyelela kubantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili. Emhumeni babukeka njengeziqabunga zamagilebhisi, zilenga ephahleni. Amagundane awaqapheli izivakashi - asetshenziselwa wona. Ngakho-ke, aziphenduli ngisho nokukhanya kwamakhamera. Futhi izivakashi ezifuna ukuthwebula izithombe zamabulane zifika lapho eziningi.

Inqolobane ye-Opuksky ine-"zest" yayo emangalisayo - ama-Rocks-Ships. Izithombe ezinkulu zamatshe zitholakala amakhilomitha amane ukusuka eNtabeni Opuk. Uma ubheka ngaphandle, bafana nezikebhe, ngakho-ke banalo lelo gama. Osemthethweni u-Elken-Kaya. Ngaphambilini, la mawa ahlanganiswe nolwandle, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, "iMikhumbi Yamatshe" yayiselwandle. Ziqukethe ama-limestone anamandla amakhulu. Ngakho-ke, noma yisiphi isivunguvungu asikho okubi kubo. Umkhumbi ophakeme kunazo zonke "umkhumbi" ufinyelela emamitha amabili. Phakathi kwala mawa kukhona umthombo omusha. Lena yinto engavamile kakhulu. Emikhumbi "yamatshe" ihlale iveza amakoloni we-sturgeon ne-beluga.

Ukuhlala kwaseKimmeric yasendulo kungumlando wasendulo. Yona inhloko-dolobha yangaphambili yeCimmeria, eyavela ngekhulu lesithupha BC futhi yahlala kwaze kwafika ngekhulu lesine AD. Abavakashi bangabona izindawo zasendulo, idolobha, imithombo yasendulo, ichweba lasendulo.

Lokhu akuwona wonke uhlu lwezikhangisi ze-Opuk. Yamukela izindawo eziningi, izilwane kanye nomhlaba ongaphansi kwamanzi, futhi kusukela esikebheni, phakathi nolwandle. Le pearl yaseCrimea ingenye yezimangaliso zaseRussia.