I-National Park "iSamarskaya Luka". Izindawo ezivikelwe

I-Samara uLuka iyizwe eliyingqayizivele. Indawo yakhiwa yi-Bay (Usinsk) ye-Kuibyshev Reservoir kanye ne-bend yoMfula omkhulu weVolga. Kukhona i-microclimate ekhethekile kakhulu, ubuhle obumangalisayo bentaba, i-blue-blue exanses ye-Volga, isitshalo esiyingqayizivele nezwe. Zonke ubuhle zithole idumela likaSamara emhlabeni.

Umlando wepaki kazwelonke "Samarskaya Luka"

Kungekudala, ngasekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, ensimini yeSamara uLuka lakhula amahlathi aminyene emithi yasendulo. Lezi kwakuyihlathi elikhulu le-pin-oak kanye ne-oak-linden. Kodwa-ke, kamuva izihlahla zahlaselwa kakhulu, okwaholela ekunciphiseni okukhulu kwamassifs.

I-National Park yaseSamarskaya Luka yasungulwa ngo-1984. Inhloso yendalo yakhe kwakuwukugcina izakhiwo zemvelo, ukugqugquzela ukuthuthukiswa kwesiko lezwe, nokudala zonke izimo ezidingekayo zokuthuthukiswa kwezokuvakasha esifundeni. Izindlu eziningi zokuphumula kanye nezisekelo zokuvakasha zakhiwe ensimini yepaki, ebusika kanye nemigwaqo ehlobo. Eduze kuwo kukhona idolobha laseZhigulevsk, ukuba liqonde ngqo, lihlangana ngokuqondile ngqo ukusuka eningizimu. Ngakho singasho ukuthi izakhamuzi zaleli dolobha zinenhlanhla kakhulu. Ukuze baphume ukuhamba epaki kulula.

Izingosi zomlando epaki

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-park kazwelonke "iSamarskaya Luka" ayithakazelisi nje kuphela izitshalo nezilwane zayo, kunezindawo eziningi zokuvubukula endaweni yayo. Omunye wabo idolobha laseMurom. Ngabe kwakungenye yezindawo ezinkulu kunazo zonke zeVolga Bulgaria (kusukela ngekhulu lesishiyagalolunye kuya kweleshumi nantathu). Futhi kunezinqaba zeBronze nama-Iron Ages. Bonke badinga ukutadisha okuqhubekayo, ngoba bangatshela okuningi ngezinto ezintsha.

Emkhakheni wepaki, ngonyaka ka-2011, ukuvezwa okuphawulekayo kokuthola izivubukulo kwavulwa ngaphansi kwegama elithi "Antiquities of Samara Luka". Ake ucabange ukuthi kuneziboniso ezisezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene: amatshe, ithusi, izinsimbi zamakhulu kanye nama-Middle Ages. Yeka indlela okuthakazelisayo ukubona izinto ezibukhoma ze-Golden Horde isikhathi!

Njengoba idolobha laseZhigulevsk liseduze kakhulu, lokhu kuvezwa kwavulwa ngokusekelwa kwemyuziyamu yomlando wendawo. Izakhamuzi zendawo azihlali njalo nethuba lokuvakashela iminyuziyamu. Kodwa labo abaza epaki ukuphumula bangacabanga nje ithuba elihle kunazo zonke, lapho ukuzijabulisa kungahlanganiswa nokuvakasha kwengqondo.

Ngokuvamile, wonke umlando walesi sifundazwe uhlangene kakhulu namagama wabantu abanjengo-Stepan Razin, u-Ermak, u-Emelyan Pugachev, u-Alexander Menshikov nabazalwane base-Orlov.

Uhlobo lwe-National Park

Imvelo ka-Samara Luka inothile ngezitshalo ezihlukahlukene, okuvela entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla ikhava lezinhlobo zonke zezimbali. Izitshalo zale ndawo ziwuphawu olubalulekile lwesayensi. Lapha, ngokokuqala ngqa, kutholakala izinhlobo eziyisithupha zezitshalo, ezintathu zazo azikho ndawo ezitholakala kuphi. Lona ubhekilanga oluhle kakhulu, ludla iZhigulevsky, lugubha iZhigulevsky. Izitshalo eziningi ze-Samara uLuka azivamile futhi zitholakala ezindaweni zendawo kuphela.

Kuyathakazelisa kakhulu izihlahla zokucwaninga, ezigcinwe kuze kube manje kusukela ezindala zasendulo (zangaphambi kwesikhathi, ama-glacial, ama-postglacial). Okumangalisa ukuthi i-glacier ayikwazanga ukufika ezintabeni zaseZhigulevsky, ngakho-ke ayizange ithinte isimo sikaLuka kaSamara. Inombolo enkulu kunazo zonke zokuthola izimpahla zingatholakala esiteji sezintaba.

Imfuyo

Inyama ye-Samara uLuka ihluke kakhulu. Lokhu kubonakala eqinisweni lokuthi angaphansi kwamaphesenti angamashumi amathathu ama-vertebrates ahlala lapha emngceleni wezilwane. Lezi zihlanganisa: i-viviparous lizard, i-viper ejwayelekile, i -owl ende, i- owl owl, i-hazel grouse kanye ne-wood grouse. Bonke babo bangabameleli bezinhlobo zeSiberia kanye ne-taiga. Futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, eduze kwabo bahlala abameleli abavamile bezinhlanzi zaseningizimu: ama-marsh, i-skid ephathekayo, ithole legolide, elilodwa lamanzi.

Kunezinhlobo zama-relic lapha. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi bahlukaniswe nomhlaba oyinhloko ngebanga elanele kakhulu. I-skid ephathekayo, i-rat ejwayelekile yemvukuzane, i-beetle yase-Alpine beetle.

Izilwane ezihlukahlukene nezanamuhla zakwa-Samara uLuka: i-roe deer, i-elk, ingulube, i-boar, i-lynx, i-marten, i-hare, i-fox, i-muskrat nabanye abaningi. Bonke bahlala lapha ezimweni zemvelo ezikhululekile.

Izintaba zaseSamara uLuka

Engxenyeni esenyakatho-ntshonalanga yeSamara uLuka yiMlodetsky. Kusuka kuwo, izintaba zeZhiguli ziqala , ezelulela i-ridge-long distance. Isiqongo sinamathekisthi amaningi kanye nezinganekwane. Ukuphakama kwalo kungaphezu kwamamitha angamakhulu amabili. Iphinda phezu kwamanzi e-Volga Reservoir eduze ne-Usinskii Gulf.

Enye yezinganekwane ezithandekayo zitshela ukuthi lapho owesifazane osemusha osemncane ethanda iVolga. Kodwa wayengathandi ubuhle. Inhliziyo yakhe yayihlala iCaspian Sea. Ngakho-ke le nsizwa inqume ukuvimba indlela yakhe, hhayi ukumvumela ukuba angene emncintiswaneni. Khona-ke iVolga yamkhohlisa. Uhlezi ngezinkulumo zakhe ezithandekayo kokubili le nsizwa kanye neqembu lakhe. Wagijima waya kumthandi wakhe. Sekuyisikhathi esiningi kusukela ngalesosikhathi, le nsizwa kanye nezikhali zakhe zancenga, ziphendukela eMondidetsky. Futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, i-Volga ibaxosha ngokukhononda kwamanzi ayo. Nansi indaba enhle kangaka yokuvela kweSamara Luka noZhiguli Izintaba. Nokho, lokhu kungumlando kuphela.

Eqinisweni, lapho umfula uvinjelwe yi-crease eyakhiwe ngenxa yokunyakaza kwezingxenye zomhlaba. I-Volga yayingenakho ukukhetha kuphela ukuhambisa amanzi ayo kulokhu isithiyo. Yile ndlela okwakhiwa ngayo umgodi oyingqayizivele futhi oyingqayizivele womfula.

Sekuyisikhathi eside intaba yaseMlodetsky isithakazelo kunososayensi abaningi. Lokhu kuyingqayizivele, empeleni, indawo. Kubonakala kunzima kakhulu, loluhlobo lwawo lunikeza amatshe amakhulu. Futhi kuphela emithambekeni ehlanganisa ihlathi elinamahlathi, futhi phezulu kakhulu emithini ye-relic pine izihlahla zikhula. Zonke ubuhle bale ndawo azikwazi ukuboniswa ngamazwi. Esigodini se-Molodytsky sokungcwaba, ungathola abameleli abangavamile kakhulu besilwane: i- apron apron, ukhozi omhlophe-tailed, ama- butterfly nezinama- apollo.

Kusukela phezulu kwegundane kunombono omuhle we-reservoir, izintaba ne-Usinskii Gulf. Ngisho nangaphambi kokukhukhula phambi kwe-Kurgan, isiqhingi saseKalmyk sasiyindawo, futhi ngemuva kwayo, ogwini olusenyakatho lomfula, idolobha elilodwa lezinkuni laseStvropol. Kodwa emva kokukhukhula kwezindawo, ngokwemvelo, izinga lamanzi laphakama ngamamitha angaba ngu-30, kanti ingxenye engezansi yoMfula ongasondleki waba yi-Usinsky Bay.

I-Molodetsky mound ithandwa kakhulu yizivakashi. Futhi ogwini lolwandle ngokuvamile kuqhuba izenzo zemvelo, imincintiswano yezemidlalo, zonke izinhlobo zezinhlangano. Isiqongo sifakwe emgwaqweni wokuvakasha wepaki kazwelonke.

Intaba yaseMaiden

Intaba yentombazane iseduze komgodla waseMlodytsky. Ubizwa nangokuthi udade osemncane. Ngemuva kokukhukhula, i-Kuibyshev reserve yafihla ingxenye engaphezu kwesigamu sezintaba ngaphansi kwamanzi ayo. Intaba yentombazane iphinde ibe nezinganekwane, njenge-Samara yonke uLuka.

Mount Camel

Le ntaba encane ayiseduze neS Cross Glade (umzana waseShiryaevo). Igama layo lamukelwa ngenxa yesimo esinqabileyo sephezulu, esibonakala sengathi sixhomeke ku-Volga futhi sikhumbuza ngempela lesi silwane. Kusukela phezulu kwentaba kunika umbono omuhle wezindawo ezizungezile kanye namabhange eVolga, i-Tsarev Kurgan neSango likaZhiguli. I-Kurre yase-Tsarev yayisiyindoda eyodwa eyodwa enezintaba.

Ngokuqondene namasango eZhigulevskie, lena yindawo encane kunazo zonke esigodini seVolki, lapha umfula ogelezayo unamandla kakhulu.

Amathumba eNtaba yaseCamel agcwele inethiwekhi yemigudu, kubo kupholile ngisho nasehlobo elishisayo. Lapha, ngisho nemigwaqo igcinwe, lapho ama-trolleys adlula khona ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka. Njengamanje, imigudu ibe yindawo yokuhlala kwamakoloni amakhulu kunabo bonke emazweni aseVolga.

Eduze entabeni kukhona umuzi waseShiryaevo. Phinda usebenze lapha. Sekuyisikhathi eside i-Mount Camel ingakhethwa yizivakashi kuphela, kodwa futhi nabagibeli abayihlomile ngodonga olukhuphukayo.

Izintaba zaseZhigulevsky ziphela eduze nomzana wasePodgora, zidlula endaweni enqabeni. Ikhuphuka ngaphezu komfula cishe ngamamitha amane. Ubuso bayo buhlakazwa yimifula, imigodi ehambisana namadwala namahlathi.

Idwala Letshe Elikhalayo

Idwala ngenye indawo yomhlaba wendawo. Iqukethe amatshe a-limestone. Futhi emithambekeni yayo zikhula izilonda, ama-oki, amabalazwe, kanye nama-violets, iminduze yesigodi, i-beaver. Phezu kwedwala kufana nesiteji esincane. Kusuka kuwo kuvula umbono omuhle ngeNyoka yeSerpent, eShelekhmeti Mountains.

Amanzi abuyele emuva

Ngaphansi komgwaqo kukhona iLake Wislokamenka (inyoka). Nakuba manje kulungile kakhulu ukuyibiza ngokuthi yi-bay (ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwe-cascade yamanzi). Abantu bathi leli gama linalo igama, ngoba kwakuhlale kuningi izinyoka lapha. Futhi kuze kube sesikhathini samanje lezi zindawo zibhekwa njengento enkulu kakhulu ukuthi ayiyona inyoka kulo lonke elaseLuka likaSamara. Ungacabangi ukuthi lapha ukhuluma nabo ngokuqondile. Ngokuvamile ungahlangana nezinyoka nabagijimi, kodwa izinyoka ezinobuthi azivamile.

Kulezi zindawo kukhona khona ukhozi olumhlophe oluthile, olweBhuku Elibomvu. Zitshalwe emazweni azungeze amanzi abuyele emuva kanye nesithumba sasendle, i-roe deer, nama-kites. Lapha kukhona ama-steppes nama-meadows, ama-coniferous kanye namahlathi anqabile. Konke lokhu ndawonye kuhlanganisa ngokugcwele futhi kudala ubuhle obungenakulinganiswa obuheha izivakashi eziningi.

Emasimini aseLamara uLuka akuyona kuphela ipaki kazwelonke uSamara uLuka, kodwa futhi uZhigulevsky National Park ubizwa ngokuthi ngemuva. I. I. Saprygin, ngubani ongomdala kunabo bonke eRussia.

Izinyoni zomkhawulo

Izinyoni eziningi ze-Samara uLuka zihlelwe eNcwadini Ebomvu. Ngokuvamile, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingamakhulu amabili zezinyoni. Ngeshwa, ekhulwini lokugcina ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo zezinhlobo kuye kwehla. I-Black Stork ingabonwa ukuthi yanyamalala. Lesi simo ngokuyinhloko sithinta ithonya labantu. Phela, bakha imigwaqo, amafutha akhiqiwe, bakhela amabhange aseVolga. Konke lokhu ngezinga elithile kuphazamise uhlobo.

Iningi lezinyoni zezinyoni ezihlala esidlekeni saseSamara Luka njalo noma zihlala zihlala. Kodwa kunezinhlobo ezithile zezinhlobo eziya ensimini ngesikhathi sokufuduka.

Ikakhulukazi ezithakazelisayo yizinkuni zezinkuni, ama-black grouse kanye ne-hazel grouse. Kwake kwaba khona eziningi zazo. Manje konke kushintshile. Kodwa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukhozi olumhlophe olumhlophe lwaba umhlali ohlala kulezi zindawo.

Ukuhlanganiswa kwezindawo zezikhukhula kanye nezintaba zezintaba kudala izimo ezihlukile kubantu abameleli abaningi bezilwane, izinhlobo eziningi zamabhantshi akhethe amathrekhi wendawo. Amalulwane akekho ohlukumeza ebusika, ukungena emaphandleni kuvinjelwe ama-lattices.

Esikhundleni segama elilandelayo

USamara uLuka uyinto engavamile yemvelo. UMnyango WezeMvelo unesizathu sokudala ipaki kazwelonke. Izindawo zendawo ziyingqayizivele ekwakheni izitshalo nezilwane. Akukade kudala, ngesisekelo seZhigulevsky Reserve, ama-biosphere reserves avuleka. Umgomo wabo kwakuwukuqinisekisa ukuvikelwa kwamazwe esifundeni seVolga kanye nemifula yaseZhiguli. Izindawo eziningi zokulondoloza zikhona endaweni kaSamara uLuka. Lokhu kubangelwa ikakhulukazi ukuthi kula mazwe akuthinti kakhulu ithonya lomuntu. Ngakho-ke, kusekhona ithuba ngandlela-thile ukulondoloza konke okwamanje. Engxenyeni ye-bioreserve, kunezinto eziphilayo eziyingqayizivele: indawo yaseSamara uLuka, ama-steppes amatshe, amahlathi ahlanganisiwe, njll. UMnyango WezeMvelo kumele wenze izinyathelo zemvelo ezihlose ukuvikela ithonya labantu emvelweni. Ngoba akuzona zonke izenzo zomuntu ezenza kahle.

I-National Park "Samarskaya Luka" iyindawo eyingqayizivele, emangalisayo ngobuhle bayo. Vakashela kuyo bese uphonsa ezweni elimangalisayo lemvelo.