I-melanoma yesikhumba: isikhathi sokuphila ngemva kokuhlinzwa

I-Melanoma iyakheka kabi emzimbeni. Yakhiwa ngamaseli e-pigment, okuthiwa ama-melanocytes. Lawa maseli anesibopho sokukhiqizwa kwe-melanin. Njengoba sekushiwo kakade, indawo ye-tumor yangakini yesikhumba. Kwezinye izimo, i-membrane yamangqamuzana (ubulili, i-oral mucosa, i-anus), kanye ne-retina yeso, ingahlupheka. Sizoqonda ukuthi yini ekutholeni "izibikezelo zempilo ye-melanoma"?

Incazelo yesifo

Lesi yisifo esihle kakhulu somuntu. I-Melanoma ivame ukunikeza izidakamizwa kwezinye izitho (zitholakala ebuchosheni, izinso, isibindi, amaphaphu). Indlela - i-hematogenous and lymphogenous.

Isifo sikwazi ukukhula ngokushesha, ngoba impendulo evela engxenyeni yomzimba ingekho noma ayikho ngokuphelele. Leli qiniso liyisici sesifo esinjalo njenge-melanoma yesikhumba. Izindlela zokuphila ngemva kokuhlinzwa ziyathakazelisa abaningi.

Izinhlobo ze-melanoma

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu ze-melanoma:

- Uhlobo olusakazeka kakhulu lwesifo luyodwa lapho kutholakala khona indawo enemibala emincane esikhumbeni, kuphela ngo-5 mm. Umbala walo unombala omnyama noma omnyama. Le ndawo yokuthinta ayikwazi ukuphawula, ngoba akukho ukuphakama ngaphezu kwesikhumba.

- Uhlobo olungavamile lungabizwa ngokuthi lesi sifo, lapho ukubunjwa kwefomu kufana nefindo, i-polyp noma i-fungus. Une-obomvu obomvu, ngezinye izikhathi abamnyama, umbala.

- I-malignant lentigo ibhekwa uma lesi sifo sinesikhathi eside sokuthuthukiswa. Kukhona ushintsho, ngakho-ke i-pigment isakhiwe, lapho isimo esingavamile sinomdwebo oqoshiwe.

Ngakho-ke, uma umuntu enezizukulwane zokubeletha, ukuphuma noma i-markmark yokuzalwa elula, uhlaka, umbala owaqala ukushintsha, kufanele uthintane nodokotela ngokushesha. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi lesi sifo sisheshe sitholakale, ekuqaleni kuyoba, kungcono kube yizibikezelo zokuphila ukuxilongwa "kwe-melanoma yesikhumba" nokuphathwa okulula.

Cabanga ngesigaba ngasinye sesifo ngokuhlukana.

Isigaba sokuqala

I-melanoma esiteji sokuqala yisisu esisathuthuka esinama-1mm, kuyilapho izilonda zesikhumba zivame ukwakha. Ngokuvamile, ngaphezu kwalezi zimpawu, isiguli asikwazi ukuthola lutho. Ukubukeka kwalezi zilonda ezincane kubonisa ukuthi lesi sifo siphuthumayo futhi sishintsha kwesinye, isigaba esibi kakhulu.

Phatha i-melanoma ngama-gels ahlukene, amafutha, ama-creams akufanele abe. Ngokuvamile, uma inikeza umphumela, khona-ke isikhathi esifushane, ngemva kwalokho lesi sifo siphindela ngamandla.

Kungcono ukwelapha lolu hlobo lwe-tumor ekuqaleni, kepha izindlela zokwelapha zikhethiwe ngabanye. Lokhu kuzoxhomeke ngokuphelele ukuthi lesi sifo siyaqhubeka kanjani.

Ngokuyinhloko, lesi sifo sihlinzekwa ngokucophelela, isikhumba esinempilo sibanjwa, cishe ngo-1-2 cm. Akudingekile ukuya esibhedlela kule nqubo. Njengoba kunama-contraindications akhona ekungeneni okuhlinzayo, isazi sichaza ukususwa kwe-laser ye-melanoma.

Kodwa lesi sifo singabuyela emuva kokubili ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa futhi uma isisu sisusiwe i-laser.

Uma kungekho izinkinga futhi lesi sifo asiqhubeki, imithi ingabekwa. Ukwelashwa kwenziwa "i-Interferon". Ngakho uphathwa esigabeni sokuqala se-melanoma yesikhumba. Izibikezelo zokuphila zinikezwe ngezansi.

Izibikezelo

Isibikezelo ngokuvamile sihle. Ama-95% aphila iminyaka engu-5 yokuphila ngemva kokuhlinzwa, 89% - eminyakeni eyishumi emva kokuhlinzwa. Uma ungayinaki lesi sifo futhi ungayiphathi nganoma iyiphi indlela, lesi sifo sizoqhubeka, okuzoholela emphumela wokubulala.

Isigaba sesibili

I-melanoma esiteji sesibili yisisu esikhumbeni, esibizwa ngobukhulu besayizi. Ubukhulu bayo buba ngu-2 mm. Izilonda esikhumbeni nazo zijwayelekile, kepha kungenzeka ukuthi azikho. Izifo esigabeni sesibili nazo kunzima kakhulu ukubona, ngoba azikho izimpawu zabanye. Uma isimo se-lymph nodes esigabeni sesibili singabonakali. Azikhuliswa futhi azibuhlungu.

Usebenza kanjani ukwelashwa?

Ngendlela efana nesigaba sokuqala, isikhumba siyadliwa, kepha ukuthunjwa kwendawo enempilo kunkulu. I-biopsy yenziwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphathwa kwezidakamizwa "i-Interferon" kuboniswa.

Kwezinye izimo, i-melanoma esigabeni sesibili isuswe amagagasi omsakazo. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuba ugweme izinkinga emva kokuhlinzwa. Amathambo kulokhu ahlukaniswa ukungaxhumani okwedlulele kwegagasi, lokhu kwenza ukuba kuqhume indawo efunayo yesikhumba.

Amaseli aphumile ngale ndlela enza ama-pairs anezinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu, okuvumela ukuhlanganiswa kwezingqikithi eziningi zendawo. Le ndlela isetshenziswa kokubili ngezigaba zesithathu nesine. Ngakho uphathwa esigabeni sesibili se-melanoma yesikhumba.

Ukubikezelwa kokuphila

Cabanga ngokubikezelwa kokuphila kwe-melanoma yesigaba sesibili. Lena iminyaka engu-80% - engu-5 yokuphila, iminyaka engu-70% - engu-10 yokuphila. Kodwa lokhu kwenzeka uma ukwelashwa kwakufike ngesikhathi.

Isigaba sesithathu

Imingcele ye-melanoma idilizwe esigabeni sesithathu, ithatha izicubu eziseduze. Ama-lymph nodes aseduze ne-tumor, ahlupheka. Lokhu kungatholakala nge-biopsy.

I-melanoma eyingozi kakhulu yesikhumba. Ukubikezelwa kokuphila (isigaba 4, isithombe ngezansi) sizocatshangelwa kamuva.

Yiziphi izimpawu ezidingekayo ukuze uthintane nomtholampilo ngokushesha:

Ukuqhaqhazela kusuka emulenzeni noma isayithi ene-pigmentation;

- i-molecule iqala ukukhula njenge-asymmetrically;

- isikhumba siba mnyama ngaphandle kokushisa ilanga;

- ububanzi be-birthmark noma i-birthmark bukhuphukele ku-6 mm;

- Isikhumbuzo sokubeletha sinemiphetho engalingani.

Ukwelapha esimweni sesigaba sesithathu kuzokwenziwa ukususwa kwe-tumor ebusweni kwesikhumba, futhi kuyodingeka futhi ususe amantombazane angama-lymph akhona eduze kwe-neoplasm.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imithi inikezwa ngokusetshenziswa kwe "Interferon", "Altevira", "Ipilimab".

Lapho umsebenzi usuphelile, ukwelashwa akuyeki. Udokotela kufanele agcine isiguli singaphansi kokuqondisa okwesikhashana. Kulokhu, isiguli sithatha izivivinyo ezidingekayo. Lona umehluko phakathi kwesigaba sesithathu sokwelapha ukuxilongwa kwe-melanoma yesikhumba. Ukubikezelwa kokuphila (isithombe sishiwo ngezansi) akulona ithemba njengoba abanye ababili. Abangu-50% bonke baphila iminyaka emihlanu emva kokusebenza, iminyaka engu-18% - engu-10.

Isigaba sesine

Lesi yisigaba esiyingozi kakhulu sesifo. Kukhona ukusabalala okusheshayo kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza ezindaweni ezingomakhelwane zomzimba. Ama-Metastases atholakala ezingxenyeni zangaphakathi.

Izimpawu zingashintsha, ngoba zixhomeke ngokuqondile kunoma yimuphi umonakalo owonakele:

- isenzakalo sokukhwehlela okuqhubekayo;

- ngaphansi kwesikhumba, izimpawu zizwakala;

- ikhanda elinamahloni ahlukene;

- umuntu ulahlekelwa isisindo;

- okwenzekayo ukuwa.

Ngingayiphatha kanjani i- melanoma esigabeni sesine? Ngeshwa, ukubikezelwa kokuphila akubi. Ikhono lokubuyiselwa lixhomeke enqubeni ye-metastasis. Isifo salesi sigaba siphathwa ngokuhlinzwa, ngokuzivikela ngomzimba, nge-radiation therapy kanye ne-chemotherapy.

I-Viritotherapy iyindlela entsha yokwelapha i-melanoma. Lo muthi u-Rigvir, ohlanganisa inombolo enkulu ye-oncolic ne-oncotropic virus.

Uma ingenwa, iqala ukulwa namaseli amathumba amabi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sishukumisekile, ngakho-ke umzimba uvikelwe ekubhujisweni ngesifo esinjenge-melanoma yesikhumba.

Ukubikezelwa kokuphila - isigaba sesine

Isibikezelo sokuphila nokusebenza kokwelashwa kwe-melanoma esigabeni sesine - kuphela 10% kuphela.

Kodwa i-melanoma eyingozi kunazo zonke isifo se-retinal. I-eyeball ibhujiswa, kepha futhi umzimba uwonke.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga emva kwe-melanoma

Uchwepheshe kufanele achaze ukuthi angayenza kanjani ukuvuselelwa ngemuva kokukhishwa kwesisu. Kudingekile ukuthi unakekele ngokucophelela isilonda.

Uma isiguli sesiphawula izimpawu ezilandelayo, kuyadingeka ukuba ubone ngokushesha udokotela oya khona futhi uhlole okulandelayo:

- ukuthuthumela nomkhuhlane;

- kwakukhona ukukhukhuma eduze kokungcola, igazi kanye nezinye izinhlobo zokuvimba ezivela kuyo, kukhona i-erythema;

- le ndawo yokukhipha isisu ibuhlungu ukuze imithi ingayisizi ngobuhlungu;

- kwakukhona imfundo entsha endaweni yakudala.

Mhlawumbe, ukuphindaphinda kwesifo kuzokwembulwa.

Ukubuyekeza

Uma kwenzeka izifo zesikhumba se-melanoma, izibikezelo zokuphila (ukubuyekezwa kuqinisekisa lokhu) zithembele ngokugcwele ngezinga lokuthuthukiswa kwalo kanye nokwenza isikhathi sokwelapha.

Iziguli zithi ngeke kube khona ukwelapha izindlela zomuntu we-melanoma. Lokhu kuphela kungasiza ekususeni izimpawu, kodwa akukhiphi isisu. Lesi sifo sizoqhubeka, singene ezigabeni ezinzima kakhulu kamuva. Ungalahleki isikhathi esiyigugu futhi ubungozi impilo yakho.

Sasihlola i-melanoma yesikhumba, izibikezelo zokuphila eRussia nazo zichazwe.