I-colon ehambayo: isakhiwo sayo kanye nezinhlobo zezifo

Umathumbu omkhulu ubhekisela ezingxenyeni zegciwane lokugaya. Lo mnyango wepheshana lamathumbu unesibani esikhulu kunazo zonke. Emathunjini amakhulu, kutholakala izinambuzane, kanye nokwamukelwa kwamanzi ezindaweni zokudla ezigayiwe. Lesi sitho sihlukaniswe ngeminyango emihlanu yama-anatomical. Omunye wabo yi-colon ehamba phambili. Ungumnyango ophakathi. Njengakwezinye izingxenye zomathumbu omkhulu, ingahlakulela izinqubo ze-pathological. Udokotela-gastroenterologist kanye nodokotela ohlinzayo baphatha ukwelashwa kwalo mzimba.

Isakhiwo esibonakalayo se-colon eguquguqukayo

I-colon ehamba phambili iyatholakala phakathi kwezingxenye ezikhuphukayo zehla. Idlula kusukela e-hepatic kuya ku-bend splenic. Isigaba esithintekayo sisesimo se-loop. Kungaba ngenhla noma ngezansi kwezinga le-ring yombilical. Kwezinye izimo, ikoloni eguqukayo ifinyelela esikhwameni esincane. Ekude, kubhekwa njengesikhathi eside kakhulu (cishe ngu-50 cm).

Ngaphakathi kwalo mnyango uboniswe umcoqo. Ukungena emathunjini ahamba phambili kuyisifo se-epithelium esine-single-layered epithelium. Ipuleti ye-mucosa iqukethe ama-fibrous tissue tiscues. Izithobezi ze-Exocrine namaqoqo amangqamuzana e-lymphoid akhona kuwo. Esikhathini esingqimba se-submucosal kukhona izitsha zegazi nezethempeli, kanye nezinzwa. I-ambulance ye-muscular iboniswa imisipha ebushelelezi. Phakathi nekoloni ehambayo kunezinhlobo ezintathu ze-sphincters. Owokuqala - useyingxenyeni ye-proximal, eyesibili - engxenyeni ephakathi, okwesithathu - ekhoneni le-splenic.

I-mesentery ye-colon ehamba phambili itholakala edongeni elingemuva kwesisu. Iqukethe i-blood kanye nezitsha ze-lymphatic. I-colon ihlanganiswe ne-peritoneum nxazonke. Ngakho-ke, libhekisela ekufakweni kwe-intraperitoneal anatomical.

Inani lekhaloni eliguqukayo emzimbeni

Ingxenyana engxenyeni yomathumbu amakhulu iyona ephakathi. Yenza imisebenzi elandelayo:

1. Ukuthuthukiswa kwemfihlo eyadingeka ekwakhiweni kwemikhiqizo yokugcina - indle. I-Exocrine izigulane zihileleke ekuqhekekeni kwe-cellulose.
2. Ukukhuthazwa kokuqukethwe ngesikhanyiso somathumbu. Kuyatholakala ngoba kukhona amateyipu akhethekile - gaustra, kanye nama-sphincters.
3. Ukwamukelwa kwe-liquid kusuka ku-chyme, amavithamini amanama-soluble, i-glucose nama-amino acids.

I-colon ehamba phambili ibaluleke kakhulu, ngoba yonke le misebenzi iyadingeka ngenqubo yokugaya ukudla. Esikhanyeni salomnyango kukhona amabhaktheriya amaningi akha i-microflora evamile. Kudingeka ukuthi balondoloze ibhalansi ye-acid-base. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-microflora evamile ibandakanyeka ekusebenziseni amabhaktheriya e-pathogenic.

I-colon ehambayo: indawo yokudweba

Ngaphezulu kwengxenyana ehamba phambili yekoloni kukhona izitho zokugaya. Phakathi kwabo - isibindi, isisindo senyongo, isilwane. Ngaphambili, intumbu eguquguqukayo iseduze nodonga lwangaphakathi lwesisu. Ngakho-ke, itholakale kahle nge-palpation. Umngcele ophansi wesigungu uhlanganisa izilophu zomathumbu amancane. Ngemva kwe-pancreas, izinso ezisele kanye ne-DPC. Lezi zakhiwo ezenziwe ngama-anatomiki zihlukaniswa ne-colon eguqukayo ngokusebenzisa i-mesacolon-i-mesentery. Ihlinzeka ngegazi ne-lymph drainage kulo mnyango.

I-epiploon itholakala phakathi kwekoloni eguquguqukayo kanye nokuvinjelwa okukhulu kwesisu. Yakha inqwaba. Ukunikezwa kwegazi kwelungu kwenziwa ngamagatsha avela emithanjeni engaphezulu nangaphansi kwe-mesenteric.

Izimbangela zokungajwayelekile kwekoloni eguqukayo

Ukunqotshwa kwekoloni eguqukayo kungabangela izimbangela ezihlukahlukene. Kwezinye izimo, lesi sifo sakhiwa ebusheni noma esikhathini se-intrauterine. Lokhu kungenxa yokubeka okungalungile kwamathishu ama-fetal. Ezinye izimbangela ze-pathologies zihlanganisa imiphumela elandelayo:

1. Umonakalo wamangqamuzana emanzini emathumbu emathunjini.
2. Izilonda zamagciwane nezifo.
3. Izifo zokusebenza ngenxa yezifo ze-neurological.
4. Imiphumela yamakhemikhali.
5. Ukubukeka kwezingubo ze-neoplasms ku-lumen ye-colon eguquguqukayo.
6. Ukukhathazeka okunamandla nokungapheli emithonjeni ye-mesenteric.
7. Izinqubo ezilimazayo ezingapheliyo.

Zonke lezi zimbangela ziholela ekuphazanyeni ekusebenzeni kwekoloni ehamba phambili. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuphazamiseka kokugaya kwenzeka. Zonke izimo ze-pathological zidinga ukwelashwa. Phela, lapho engekho izitebhisi ze-stasis nokudakwa komzimba wonke.

Izifo zengxenyana ehamba phambili yekoloni

Uma kukhona ubuhlungu esiswini, kufanele uqaphele ukuthi i-colon ehambayo ayithinteki yini. Izimpawu zomonakalo zingahluka. Ukubonakaliswa kwemitholampilo kuncike enkambweni yokugulisa umzimba eyakhelwe esigulini. Amaqembu ezifo ezilandelayo ze-colon ehamba phambili ayahlukaniswa:

1. Izinqubo ezingavamile zokuvuvukala. Lezi zihlanganisa u-ulcerative colitis, okuholela ekubhujisweni kodonga lomathumbu omkhulu.
2. I-pathologies ekhethekile yokuvuvukala. Isibonelo isifo sikaCrohn. Ukubhujiswa kungabonakala kuwo wonke umzila wokugaya ukudla, kodwa kaningi izingosi zomonakalo zitholakala endaweni ye-lumen yezinambuzane ezincane nezinkulu.
3. Izifo ezivuthayo zokuvuvukala - i-colitis. Thuthukisa ngenxa yezilonda ezithathelwanayo nezigciwane.
4. Izifo ze-tumor ze-colon eguquguqukayo. Zihlukaniswe zibe izinqubo ezincane kanye nomdlavuza.
5. Ukulimala esiswini, okuholela ekulimaleni kwodonga lomzimba.
6. Ukuphazamiseka okusebenzayo.
7. Ukwakhiwa kwekoloni eguquguqukayo ngendwangu, ukuxubana kwama-parasites, inqubo ye-tumor.
8. Ukuphazamiseka kwemishini ye-mesenteric ngenxa ye-thrombosis, i-embolism.

Kusukela esemncane, kutholakala okungavamile kokubeletha kwamathumbu. Lezi zihlanganisa nesifo sikaHirschsprung, i-cystic fibrosis, i-megacolon.

Izimpawu zezinto ezingavamile zezinambuzane ezingenalutho

Izimpawu zezifo ze-colon ehambayo zihlanganisa: ubuhlungu, ukwephulwa kokuvumelana kwesibalo nesenzo sokuhlukunyezwa, izimpawu zokudakwa. Izinzwa ezingathandeki enkabayeni noma ngaphansi kwezinga layo zingabonwa kunoma yisiphi isimo sezinkinga. Uma lesi sifo sibangelwa amagciwane okutheleleka emathunjini, ayobe eshiwo ngokuqinile. Kulesi simo, kunesitokisi esivamile esingavamile, esingaqukatha ukungcola okuhlukahlukene - ukoma, igazi. Ngezinye izinqubo ezithathelwanayo, udoti uthola umbala wesici futhi uphuze (njengesimo se "marsh mud", "frog caviar", "umhluzi welayisi"). Isisu sibhekene nezinselele ezinzima esiswini sesobunxele kanye nezikhalo zamanga ngesenzo sokuhlukunyezwa.

Kuzinqubo zokuvuvukala ezingapheli, ukuzwa okungajabulisi esiswini kuphawulwe ngezikhathi ezithile, isifo sohudo kulandelwa ukubambezeleka esitokisini. Ukulimala emdwaleni wamathumbu kuholela ekwakheni izilonda eziphaphayo.

Ukuphazamiseka kwe-vascular, ukuxubana kanye nokuhlukunyezwa kokubeletha kuholela ekwakhiweni kokuvinjelwa kwamathumbu emathunjini. Lesi sifo sibhekisela ezimweni eziphuthumayo zokuhlinzeka. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yini eyabangela ukuvinjelwa, usizo luyadingeka ngokushesha.

I-benign neoplasm emathunjini

I-tumine ye-benign ye-colon eguquguqukayo ingavela kunoma yiziphi izicubu ezakha udonga lensimbi. Izinhlobonhlobo zaleli qembu lezifo zifaka: i-polyp, i-myoma, i-fibroma, i-hemangioma. I-neoplasms ye-Benign ibonakala ukuthi ikhula ibe yi-lumen yesigungu ngaphandle kokulimaza ubukhulu bodonga. Uhlobo oluvamile lwezinambuzane yi-polyp ye-colon eguquguqukayo. Kuyinto ukukhula okuncane, kuguqulwa ibe yindawo yomzimba. Ngesayizi encane yokwakheka, i-polyp ayikwazi ukubonakaliswa nganoma iyiphi indlela. Nokho, kufanele isuswe. Ngenxa yokuhamba njalo kwesitokisini emathunjini, isisu esinobuthi sinakele, singasigaza noma sithole igciwane. Kukhona ingozi enkulu ukuthi i-polyp izokhula ibe inqubo yezinto eziphilayo.

Izicubu ezinonya zekholoni eguqukayo

Umdlavuza weColon uthinta abantu asebekhulile, kepha ungaba neziguli ezincane. Ngokuvame ukwenzeka ngokumelene nesizinda se-pathologies engapheli, i-polyposis. Izimpawu zomdlavuza zifaka ubuhlungu, isitifiketi ukuphazanyiswa, ngezikhulu ezinkulu zesisu - ukuvimbela emathunjini. Ezimweni ezinganakiwe, iziguli azikwazi ukudla, kunyuke ukwanda kwamallimini angama-inguinal, ukwanda kokushisa komzimba, ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo kanye nobuthakathaka.

I-colon eguquguqukayo: ukwelashwa kwe-pathologies

Ukwelashwa kwezifo ze-colon eguquguqukayo kungaba yinto engavamile futhi esebenzayo. Esikhathini sokuqala, imishanguzo ye-antibacterial (amalungiselelo okuthi "Ciprofloxacin", "Azithromycin"), izidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala ziyasetshenziswa. I-diarrhea iyinkomba yokukhipha imishanguzo. Leli ketshezi lenziwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Uma isimo sesiguli sinelisekile, bavunyelwe ukuphuza amanzi alkaline amaminerali, isisombululo "Regidron". Ezimweni ezimbi, i-injected in the vein. Ngesifo sohudo, imithi ethi "Smecta", "Hilak-forte", ekhuthaza ukusimama kwamathumbu, imisiwe.

Ngezifo ezibhubhisayo nezomzimba, kwenziwa umsebenzi. Iqukethe ukuthengiswa kwekoloni eguqukayo nokugxila kwezinguquko zamahhala. Emva kokungenelela kokuhlinzwa, kufanele ulandele ukudla, ngoba ukubuyiselwa kwemisebenzi yelungu akuveli ngokushesha.