I-coccidiosis inogwaja: ukwelashwa, izimpawu, ukuvimbela, izimpawu zokugula

I-coccidiosis inogwaja egcinwe ekhaya ngenhloso yokuhlobisa kuyinto engavamile. Kodwa ngenxa yabafowabo, belwe ukutholakala inyama nezikhumba, lesi sifo siba sengozini enkulu.

Ngabe unjani onogwaja we-coccidiosis?

Lezi zilwane zijwayele izifo eziningi ezithathelwanayo. Umonakalo omkhulu kunazo zonke kubangelwa izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane ezinogwaja. Ngakho-ke, esinye sezifo ezinciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwezilwane ezikhulayo, i-coccidiosis (eimeriosis). Uma igcinwe kudoti, ukuhlasela kuqhuma ngokushesha futhi kuthinta wonke umuntu onogwaja. Izidakamizwa ezikhona zisebenza kahle, kokubili ukwelashwa nokuvimbela izifo, kodwa zibiza kakhulu. Isilwane esilulayo siphelile ngemuva kokukhula nokuthuthukiswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-coccidiosis inogwaja ingenzeka ngendlela evulekile futhi ivuse ukunciphisa ekumelaneni nezinye izifo, kanye negalelo ekudlileni okuncane kokudla. Ngenxa yalokho, ukudla ukudla kwanda, futhi ukwanda kwesisindo esibukhoma kuhlala ngaphansi kwesilinganiso.

Ngakho-ke, isisekelo sokulima ngokuphumelelayo yizilinganiso ezivimbela i-coccidiosis inogwaja (nhlobo, ukwelashwa kuhlale kubiza kunokuvimbela). Umonakalo wezomnotho ngenxa yokuntuleka kokukhiqiza ekugqaseni kwe-eimeriosis kunkulu. Uma sicabangela izifo ezithathelwanayo ezinogwaja, i-coccidiosis iyingozi yokuhlasela, ngoba ibhekene nesilinganiso esiphakeme sabantu, futhi uma kungekho ukwelashwa, ukufa kungafinyelela ku-100%.

Izimbangela zesifo

I-coccidiosis inogwaja ibangelwa izinhlobo ezingu-9 zama-Ameri. Lezi yizinto ezilula kakhulu ze-unicellular ezise-oda le-coccidia. Unomjikelezo ojulile wokuthuthukiswa, ngenxa yokuthi i-parasite ine-reproducibility enkulu. Kuye kwasungulwa ukuthi isilwane esisodwa esigulayo sichitha kusuka ku-9 kuya ku-680 wezigidi zama-oocysts ze-coccidia nsuku zonke. Ama-ounces amaningana e-Eumery athuthuka kusuka ku-oocyst eyodwa. Okunye okuyingqayizivele ye-parasite yukuthi zonke izinhlobo zinezici eziqinile. Ngakho-ke, naphezu kokuba zonke izigaba zezilwane zithinteka yi-coccidiosis, onogwaja angabamba kuphela onogwaja, izinkukhu - kuphela ezinkukhu, izimvu - kuphela ezimvu nokunye.

Ukuyinkimbinkimbi yokwelashwa nokuvimbela ukuhlasela kungukuthi i-coccidia iyasakazeka, futhi ukuguqulwa kwamagundane nge-eumeria kubanga kusuka ku-70-100%. Izilwane ezigulayo nezigulayo, onogwaja abadala abakhupha izidakamizwa bakhipha ama-spore ama-pathogen (ama-oocysts) ngendwangu endaweni yangaphandle. Akunakwenzeka ukubhubhisa uhlobo olunjalo lwe-e-causative agent, ngoba ingxabano imelana kakhulu nemiphumela yezici zamakhemikhali nezomzimba. Ama-oocysts athunyelwa ngaphandle kwezicathulo, ngokusungula, ukungcola amagceke okuhamba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, onogwaja bahlelwa ukuze ukudla izidakamizwa zabo kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokugaya ukudla okunempilo. Udoti ubusuku, okhishwe e- cecum (ama-soft soft balls ahlanganiswe ne-mucus), ungumthombo wama-vithamini B, akhuthaza ukuzivikela, anikeze ama-microflora adingekayo emathunjini. Ngeshwa, kanye nama-droppings, amaqanda ama-coccid nawo angena emzimbeni.

Okubaluleke kakhulu ekukhuleni kwalesi sifo yizimo ezimbi zokukhulela izilwane ezincane: izimo ezingenamthetho, ukuqhuma, umswakama ophezulu, ukushisa kwezinga lokushisa ekamelweni, ukwakheka kwamacembu ehlukene ezilwane, ukudla okungalungile, ukuguqulwa okunamandla ekudleni. Iziqhumane ze-coccidiosis zivame ukwenzeka ngezikhathi zentwasahlobo nasekwindla, kodwa zingenzeka nganoma isiphi isikhathi sonyaka.

Izici ze-agent causative yesifo

Izinhlobo ezinhlanu ze-coccidia zibaluleke kakhulu. Abane babo baphazamisa epithelium emathunjini amancane namakhulu: E. perforans, E. media, E. magna, E. irresidua. Izinhlobo eziyisihlanu, i-E. stiedae, zihlala epithelium ye-bile ducts yesibindi. Okuqukethwe emathunjini noma kudoti, inani elincani lama-oocysts (1-2 emkhakheni wombono) lingavamile ukuba nalo. Lokhu akusho ukutholakala kwesifo. Kwezinye izimo, ezinye izifo ezinogciwane noma ezinambuzane ezinogwaja zingabonisa izimpawu zamathumbu. Isithombe esithathwe ngaphansi kokukhuliswa okukhulu kwe-microscope kuvumela ukuhlolwa okuhle kwesakhiwo sama-oocysts we-coccidia. Ziyi-oval noma nxazonke ezenziwe ngama-10 kuya ku-40 μm ngobukhulu, igobolondo elibili kanye nokuqukethwe okumnyama (sporocyst) kumakwe kahle. Ekupheleni okuncane kunesembozo esincane (micropyle). Ukuxilongwa kwe-coccidiosis kumanogwaja kuqinisekiswa ngokucwaninga kwezixuku ze-fecal ngaphansi kwe-microscope ngendlela yaseDarling. Ukutholakala kwama-oocysts angashadile uma kungekho ezinye izimpawu zesifo akusona isisekelo sokuxilongwa.

Izimpawu zomtholampilo ze-coccidiosis

Lesi sifo singenzeka esimweni esinzima, se-subacute nesiguli. Omncane kunazo zonke ezineminyaka engama-20 kuya kwezingu-60 usengozini kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, i-coccidiosis yenzeka ngesikhathi sokulonda onogwaja kusuka kumama futhi uma udlulisela ekuphakelayo okujwayelekile. Ezilwaneni ezinyangeni ezingu-3-5 ubudala, lesi sifo sinzima kakhulu, futhi onogwaja abadala abadala abasuke bengakwazi ukubhekana nalesi sifo, nakuba bangaba yizinkampani futhi baphuthukise i-coccidiosis. Izimpawu zivela ezinsukwini ezingu-4-12 ngemva kokutheleleka. Ngokweqile, izinhlobo zamathumbu, izinhlanzi nezixubene ze-coccidiosis zihlukaniswe, kodwa ngokujwayelekile, ukuhlasela kuvela ikakhulukazi ngendlela ehlangene. Okokuqala, amathumbu ayathinteka, kanye nezibonakaliso ezivamile ze-malaise (ukuzithemba, ukungabi nesifiso sokudla), isifo sohudo sibonakala, ukungaboni ngaso sonke isikhathi, isisu siyathukutheka futhi sibuhlungu, amehlo enamaqabunga kanye nesigxobo somlomo siphaphathekile. Izilwane ezigulayo zilahlekelwa isisindo, zila ngemuva kokukhula, ukuqubuka kwamanzi kanye negazi kutholakala emanzini.

Ukubukeka kwamanqamu kusiza ukuxilonga i-coccidiosis nezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo ezinogwaja. Isithombe sodoti ku-coccidiosis sibonisa ngokucacile imithwalo yemifino ebomvu noma e-orange.

Ngokuvamile ezilwaneni ezigulayo, i-rhinitis ne-conjunctivitis ziyabonakala, ukwehlukaniswa kwamathe kakhudlwana. Njengoba izilonda zesibindi, ukuphuziza kwe-membrane yamangqamuzana kubonakala, ngezinye izikhathi ukukhubazeka kwamalungu kanye nokuxubana kwenzeka. Isisu sanda kakhulu ngokweqile, ama-ascites angathuthuka (ukuqoqwa kwamanzi emgodini wesisu). Uma kungekho ukwelashwa, onogwaja ngokuvamile bafa ngosuku lwesikhombisa.

Lapho i-autopsy, i-paleness ye-membrane yamangqamuzana, i-icterus, ukuvuvukala emathunjini (izindonga ezinamathele, okuqukethwe ngegazi, i-mucous peels off "emasitokisini" noma nge-necrotic foci, ene-touch edumile) ibonakala. Ngaphandle, igobolondo lodonga lwamathumbu luyi-grey, eligcwele i-white, foci encane kakhulu. Esibindi, izilonda ezibonakalayo zibonakala ngokucacile: phakathi ne-bile duct ezingcolile ezimhlophe noma eziphuzi zibopha ubungako bokusanhlamvu noma ngisho ne-pea, hhayi ezihlangene nezicubu ezizungezile. Ezimweni ezinzima, izilonda zithinta i-parenchyma yesibindi.

Indlela yokuhlukanisa i-coccidiosis kwezinye izifo

Izimpawu zamathumbu nazo ziyizinye zezifo zogwaja. Ukutholakala esitsheni se-oocysts ephawulekayo kuvumela ukuxilongwa kwe-coccidiosis. Izimpawu ezichazwe ngenhla ziqinisekisa ukutholakala kwalesi sifo futhi ziyinkomba yokwelapha. Kuqhutshwa ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kwezilwane zezilwane, izinyathelo eziphelele zithathwa ukubhubhisa i-pathogen emzimbeni, ukususa ukudakwa nokugcina ibhalansi ye-electrolyte. Njengoba kukhona izifo ezinogwaja ezihlukahlukene, izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa komunye wabo kuzohluka. Kubalulekile ukuba kahle futhi ngesikhathi esifanele ufake ukuxilongwa okufanele. Esimweni ngasinye, ukuhlaziya okuhlukile kuyadingeka, ngoba akuzona njalo ezicacile, izimpawu zesifo. Izifo ezilandelayo zogwaja zibonisa izimpawu zokulimala emathunjini:

• I-Coccidiosis - ukutholakala kwama-oocysts kudoti, ukungena kwegazi, isikhathi sesilwane.
• I-Enterokotsemiya - i-current acute, ikhona emalini wenani elikhulu lamagesi. Iminyaka engu-8-30 yobudala. Ukutholwa kwe-pathogen - C. perfringens amabhaktheriya.
• Izifo zeTizzer - inkambo ephawulekayo, ukufa ezinsukwini ezingu-1-2 emva kokubonakaliswa kwempawu zomtholampilo. Ukutholakala emthonjeni we-pathogen - amabhaktheriya B. piliformis.
• I-Helminthiases - ayikho igazi elitsheni, inkinga engapheli yesifo, ukutholakala emfantwini wezibungu noma amaqanda.
• Imvelaphi ye-bacterial infectious infectious (kolibakterioz, isisu, enterobacter, proteus) - ithinta izilwane ezincane ezinamaviki ayisithupha kuya ku-10-10. Uhudo lombala ophuzi noma obomvu, ukuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi okusheshayo, ukoma okwandayo, ukwehlisa noma ukukhuphuka kokushisa komzimba. Izitho zangasese zinamabala. Ukufa okuphezulu kunazo zonke kubonakala phakathi kwamasonto amahlanu no-9.

Coccidiosis in onogwaja: ukwelashwa

Njengendlela yokwelashwa, izilwane zezilwane zibeka izidakamizwa zokulwa nezidakamizwa ngezenzo eziningi, kuhlanganise, ngaphezu kwalokho, umphumela we-antiticoccidial. Phakathi kwabo:

• Sulfanilamidy ("Sulfakvinoksalin", "Sulfahlpirrazin") - emanzini okudla nokuphuza. Umthamo onconywe ngu-0.1 g ngalinye ngo-1 kg wesisindo bukhoma. Ngesikhathi esifanayo khetha "Monomycin" ngesilinganiso samayunithi angu-25 000 / kg isisindo. Yenza izifundo ezimbili ezinsuku ezinhlanu ngezinsuku ezintathu.
• I-Nitrofurans (i-Nitrofurazone). Isilinganiso - 1-1.5 g nge-1 kg yesisindo bukhoma.

I-ration ibandakanya imikhiqizo yobisi obubi: isondo lobisi ngesilinganiso sika-25-30 ml ngayinye, ubisi olukhishiwe, i-ABK.

Akuzona njalo izidakamizwa zokulwa ne-antibacterial ezingaphulukisa i-coccidiosis. Ukwelashwa kwamacala anganakiwe kwenziwa ngokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ngokugxila okuncane - koktsidiostatikov.

I-kokcidiostatiki ekuzaleni kogwaja

Imithi enjalo inobuthi obuthile futhi iyabiza ekukhiqizeni, kodwa inemiphumela emihle yokwelashwa nokuvimbela. Ngezinhloso zokwelapha, kuphakanyiswa ukuba uwasebenzise ngamanzi, futhi ngenxa ye-prophylaxis bahlanganiswe ngama-premixes futhi banikwe ngokudla. Uma kutholakala ukuthi i-coccidiosis, ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngenye yezinto ezilandelayo (ngokusho kwesithako esisebenzayo):

• Diclazuril ("Solikoks", "Diakoks").
• Amprolium ("Brovitacoccid", "Koktsidiovit").
• I-Totlazuli ("i-Baikoff", i- "Koktsiprodin", "Stop-coccid").

Umthamo wesidakamizwa uxhomeke ekugxileni kwezinto ezisebenzayo. Ngokwesilinganiso, uhlobo lwamanzi lwe-coccidiostatic lukhiqizwa ku-2.5-5% lokuhlushwa futhi lunikezwe izilwane ngamanzi ngesilinganiso sika-10 mg DV for 1 kg isisindo bukhoma kwezinsuku 2-3 ezilandelanayo. Ngezinhloso zokuvimbela, umthamo wehliswe ngesigamu, futhi inkambo yesikhathi eside. Ku-premix, i-coccidiostatics yondliwa ekudleni okungenani u-0.1% futhi idliwe ngezikhathi ezibucayi (ukuguqulwa kokudla, ukudluliselwa kwelinye igumbi, ukulonda onogwaja). Izingxube ezenziwe ngomumo zingathengwa emakethe yamafayipi ahlanganisiwe nasezimbonini zemithi yezilwane. Kunoma yikuphi, funda ngokucophelela imiyalelo bese ucacisa ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukusebenzisa umuthi onogwaja. Uma imfuyo yezilwane incane, futhi i-coccidiosis itholakale kunogwaja, ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngumuntu onika imithi. Ijojowe emgodini womlomo usebenzisa i-syringe ngaphandle kwenaliti. Izinambuzane (isithombe, esiboniswe kulesi sihloko, sibonisa indlela yokulungisa ikhanda ngendlela efanele) zifakwa etafuleni, emuva kugxiliwe, ukuvimbela isilwane ukuba singabi khona imilenze yangemva. I-liquid isuke efakwe kahle ekhoneni lomlomo ngemuva kwe-lip.

Unganikeli ngaphezu kwe-1 ml ye-liquid ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Ukuvimbela i-coccidiosis kumanogwaja

Ukubheka ngokukhethekile kubhalwa inhlangano efanele yezobuchwepheshe. Isigameko ngokuqondile sincike ezimweni lapho unogwaja wokuhlobisa ugcinwa khona. Ukugonywa akulondolozi ngaso sonke isikhathi ngisho nasesifo sofuba. Indlela eyinhloko yokuvimbela izifo ukuhambisana nezidingo zokuhlanza zoo. Ukuvimbela isifo esinjalo, njenge-coccidiosis inogwaja, kwenziwa ngosizo lwezinyathelo ezilandelayo:

• Ukugcinwa kwezilwane kwi-lattice floor.

• Ukungenwa kwamakhansela, ukuhambisana namazinga okutshala (angekho ngaphansi kwe-0.5 square metres ngesilwane ngasinye).
• Gcina izilwane ezindaweni ezomile, eziphefumulayo.
• Ukuhambisana nombuso wokushisa (onogwaja abakubekezeli izinga lokushisa ngaphezu kwe-20 ° C).
• Ukubekwa kwamaseli emoyeni ovulekile noma ukuhlinzeka nge-ventilation okungenani ama-cubic metres amathathu. I-1 kg yesisindo bukhoma ngehora.
• Ukuhlanza nsuku zonke yelitha ezivela amangqamuzana nokushintsha udoti.
• Ukuhlanza kanye nabasondli bezinsuku kanye neziphuzo bese bewafaka ngamanzi abilayo.

Zikhona yini imishanguzo onogwaja? Yiqiniso, uma unogwaja owodwa wokuhlobisa endlini yakho , awudingi ukugoma . Kodwa kulabo ababeletha onogwaja ngenxa yesinkwa sansuku zonke, umbuzo usebenza kakhulu.

Ingabe kukhona inoculation ngokumelene coccidiosis?

Imithi ye-coccidiosis yabanogwaja kuze kube manje ayikho. Nakuba kungenzeka ukuthi ngokukhula okudinga ukuthi umuthi onjalo uzosungulwa. Phela, ososayensi bakwazi ukwenza umgomo wokulwa ne- coccidiosis ezinkukhu, ezihlangabezana nezidingo zanamuhla zokukhiqiza izinkukhu. Njengamanje, ukuvimbela i-coccidiosis inogwaja kuncishisiwe ukuba kube nezinyathelo ezijwayelekile zokuvimbela izifo ezithathelwanayo nezihlaselayo, kanye nokuvimbela izidakamizwa zokunikeza izifo ze-coccidiostatic.

Ukuzivikela emlonyeni onogwaja abagulayo kuhlala impilo, izilwane zivikelekile ukutheleleka kabusha. Ukungavikeleki kungavamile, okusho ukuthutha impilo yonke ye-pathogen emzimbeni. U-unogwaja angaphazamisa kalula umuntu ongaguli ngaphambi kokuthi kube khona ama-co-factor (ukucindezeleka, njll).

Izimo ezivusa lesi sifo

Ngokuvamile i-coccidiosis inogwaja kwenzeka ngemuva kokugonywa ku-HBV ne-myxomatosis. Lokhu akusho izinga eliphansi lomuthi wokugoma, kodwa kubonisa ukugeleza okukodwa kwe-coccidiosis emhlambini. Thatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela lesi sifo isonto elilodwa ngaphambi kokugoma, futhi uzogwema izinkinga.

Uma uhamba etshanini, ngezikhathi ezithile uhambisa isikhala ukuze ugweme ukuqoqwa kwezinhlobo ze-pathogenic endaweni eyodwa. Ukondla kufanele kugcwaliswe, okuqukethwe okungu-15% wezintambo ezinamafutha kanye no-20% wezinto ezinamaprotheni. Kukhona okudingekayo ekuhanjisweni kwefani, ngisho noma izilwane zithola ukudla okugcwele. Futhi, ukutholakala njalo kwamanzi kuyadingeka, noma ngabe onogwaja bathola ingxenye enkulu yetshezi kusukela otshanini.

Ukuhambisana nemibandela yokudla nokugcina kuzogwema ukugula okunjalo okungajabulisi njenge-coccidiosis. Uma, noma kunjalo, ngenxa yezizathu ezithile, kuvele ukuqubuka, ngakho-ke ukuxilongwa okusheshayo nokusetshenziswa kwemithi ephumelelayo, ukubikezelwa kuyajabulisa. Ungakhohlwa ukuhlukanisa izilwane ezigulayo futhi wenze ukuhlanzwa emaceleni kanye nokusetshenziswa kwama-disinfectants. Uma kunokwenzeka, gcoba ngamanzi abilayo zonke izindawo ezitholakalayo, bese ushisa izakhiwo zensimbi nomshini ovuthayo ovulekile oshisa igesi noma i- blowtorch.