Hymenoptera: incazelo, izinhlobo, abameleli main kanye nesakhiwo

Izinambuzane ingatholakala yonke indawo - e zikakhonkolo womuzi, e edlelweni, ehlathini, emathafeni, ehlane ngisho lapho kukhona njalo iqhwa nesithwathwa kuphela. Ngezinye izikhathi singase senze abaqapheli ukuthi yayiyinhle kangakanani emhlabeni. On wonke owakhiwe yizigidi ezahlukene eziphilayo eziphilayo. Kulesi sihloko, sizofunda sihlaziye ngokuningiliziwe, lokho Hymenoptera. Cabanga bonke subtypes nezici zabo.

ulwazi olujwayelekile

Isigaba Hymenoptera iqukethe sub-ezingaba ngu-300,000 izinambuzane. Ngamunye wabo has amabili namabhuzu amaphiko esobala nge amaseli esikhulu kakhulu. Izindwani, okuyizinto phambi, njengoba umthetho, lungaphezu labaqaphi elingemuva. Zonke Hymenoptera ehlukaniswa yokuphila zibe izinhlobo ezintathu: izitha, yizilwanyana eziwuhlupho bese ezidla uhlaza isinambuzane.

Ngu Hymenoptera zihlanganisa iminyovu, izinyosi, izinyosi Bumble, izintuthwane kanye nabanye. Bambalwa abantu bazi ukuthi bahlala emiphakathini ehlukene lapho kukhona eyodwa kuphela isinambuzane ezinkulu. Ngokumangalisayo, zonke imisebenzi basuke ngokulinganayo basakaza. Ithimba ngalinye isinambuzane esithile obhekene isinyathelo esisodwa. Kukholakala ukuthi lesi sigaba izinambuzane ezihlala ngokuphelele zonke izingxenye zomhlaba.

Izinhlobo Hymenoptera kuhluke kakhulu ngokwanele. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili kuphela zinhlobo - futhi Symphyta apocrita. Eyokuqala kukhona izinambuzane bakudala ngaphezulu adla izinto eziphuma ezintweni eziphilayo.

zizalela Izici

Hymenoptera oda izinambuzane elinesimo uhlobo umqondo wokusungula phansi. Zingomiswa, isibonelo, okuyinto awuhlobo oluhlukile, akudingeki isici enjalo. Umndeni Hymenoptera, njengoba umthetho, kukhona indlovukazi eyodwa kuphela. Engxenyeni yokuqala ekuphileni kwakhe, yena kwenza indiza kokuzalela munye, isitokwe kwesidoda lonke isikhathi wokuphila, okuyinto eminyakeni engaba ngu-10.

I eqoqwe isidoda zesifazane isebenzisa njalo zalisa amaqanda, okuyinto zikhuthazwa ipheshana zakhe zobulili. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi akuzona zonke oocytes kokukhulelwa inqubo. Bangaphinde babe iqoqo olulodwa noma kabili lezakhi zofuzo.

Hymenoptera ongenaye uyise. Wonke amalungu omkhaya othile isethi ezifanayo wama-chromosomes etholakala zesifazane. Kuphela indlovukazi has a pair of inombolo yabo.

izici kwesakhiwo

Njengoba sishilo phambilini, Hymenoptera babe amabili namabhuzu amaphiko. Njengomthetho, phambi eside emuva. Enhloko amadevu Hymenoptera elise. Ngamunye zenyathi banayo isakhiwo alandisa. Inombolo yabo kuhluka 2 70, nasekhanda lakhe kukhona futhi amehlo isakhiwo ngempela eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ngokumangalisayo, ezinye izintuthwane lutho ukubona. Bathola belibangise isiduli esikhulu sabo ishiywe kumiselwe iphunga pheromone.

Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo izintuthwane

Intuthwane - a Hymenoptera encane. Inombolo zilwane kuka 8000. Kukholakala ukuthi izintuthwane ziyisizwe efanayo kakhulu indoda.

Izintuthwane ungalokothi udle naye ngalokho abakutholile. Bakhulule ukudla esidlekeni. Labo bantu abangakholwa ulethe, ukubulala izinambuzane. Izintuthwane Stocking njalo ukudla ebusika. Emini bamthwale ngaphandle ukuze ome, futhi ebusuku afakiwe futhi. Kukholakala ukuthi izintuthwane abe presentiment zesimo sezulu, ngoba babengakaze omisiwe ukuvunwa ngaphambi imvula.

Bambalwa abantu bazi, kodwa omele omdala ososayensi American baye bathola omunye emabhishi. intuthwane umzimba wawusegunjini amber. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, engu-ukutholakala is ezigidini 130 iminyaka. Ngokumangalisayo, izintuthwane - lo eziphilayo kuphela, ngaphandle abantu abakhula izilwane, okungukuthi aphid.

Kukholakala ukuthi izintuthwane babe ubuchopho enkulu emhlabeni maqondana emzimbeni wakho. Kuvela elinye iqiniso elithakazelisayo - kungcono nokungalali. Kwenzeka isimanga, lesi oda Hymenoptera intuthwane engazizwa isidingo ke.

Bambalwa abantu bazi, kodwa izintuthwane eziyizisebenzi aphila iminyaka engaba ngu-3, kodwa nabesifazane - ukuze 20. It is eyaziwa ukuthi bayakwazi ukuthi siphakamise umthwalo idlula isisindo sabo kuze izikhathi 100. Lapho i intuthwane uyafa ubuthi, wayehlale uwela kuphela ohlangothini lwesokudla.

bumblebees

Bumblebees - liphinde Hymenoptera. Abameleli beNdikimba zenyathi ezahlukene hair obukhulu emzimbeni, okuyinto has umbala. Bumblebees zihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezintathu: indlovukazi, abasebenzi kanye drones. Kumele kuqapheleke futhi ukuthi lezi akudingeki ikhono Udosi. Ngokungafani iminyovu, bumblebees Sting esetshenziswa kuphela ngenhloso yokuzivikela.

Basabela kanjani umzimba womuntu wakwazi ukuluma bumblebee incike izimo ngabanye. Ngokuvamile akusiyo yingozi. Ukusabela iguliswa a Udosi bumblebee kuyinto ngempela ezingavamile. Ngokuvamile singaphansi% 1 kuphela lwesintu, futhi, njengoba umthetho, lokhu kwenzeka ngesikhathi bite yesibili.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi ngokungafani nezinye Hymenoptera, bumblebees ungathathi khona ukufuna ukudla sezulu esibi. Baphinde babe izitshalo kakhulu. Bumblebees impova kukhona imbali nezitsha ezingafinyeleleki, engewona nokho kuncike iminyovu.

Ngokungafani nezinye izinambuzane, bumblebees ngaphezu kwezinga lokushisa komzimba libe amadigri 20-30, kuka imvelo. Lokhu kungenxa yomsebenzi asebenzayo kwemisipha pectoral.

Ingabe ikhona bazuze Hymenoptera?

Mhlawumbe, wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi zonke izinto eziphilayo eplanethini yethu kuhlobene. isinambuzane ngasinye kuletha ezinye izinzuzo emhlabeni futhi yomuntu ngokwakhe. Ayikho ngaphandle, futhi ihlukane ka Hymenoptera. Ngokwesibonelo, izintuthwane, njengoba sazi, hhayi kuphela ukwakha izindlu phezu phansi, kodwa umsuka wale nkinga. Ngenxa yalesi inhlabathi iba friable xaxa, futhi ligcwele eziningi nomoya-mpilo. Futhi izintuthwane ngonyaka ukubhubhisa lenqwaba izinambuzane.

Bona ingazuzisa kakhulu Hymenoptera - izinyosi, iminyovu kanye hornets. Ngenxa imikhiqizo processing zabo sidalwe lenqwaba izidakamizwa. Ngokwesibonelo, imithi eminingi aqukethe uju propolis.

Kuvele iqiniso elithakazelisayo ngale omele Hymenoptera

Ekhulwini XX, isazi sesayensi esidumile labetibambile eziningi ucwaningo ezithakazelisayo. Kuyaziwa ukuthi inyosi Bumble has a amaphiko usayizi kunalokho ezincane (isihlobo nomzimba wayo). ikhompyutha Scientific isetshenziswa isinambuzane -lift izindiza. Wabathola bumblebee izimpukane ukuze amelane nayo yonke imithetho yezinto ezihamba emoyeni iyiqiniso futhi physics.

Namuhla, ngale ndaba olwenziwa inqwaba izingxabano. ososayensi abaningi bayakwenqaba umbono bese zifakazela ukuthi bumblebee siyashesha thombo thungela. Nokho, lezi zinguqulo abakakholiseki ngaziwa ngokuphelele.

Hymenoptera nemfundo

Lapho sichaza ngaphambili, Hymenoptera ukuletha izinzuzo omkhulu. Mayelana timphawu tesakhiwo zabo nokusebenza ukutshela abafundi bebanga 7th esikoleni. Injongo - ukukhombisa ukuthi kubaluleke oda isinambuzane Hymenoptera. Ibanga 7 ngemva kokuphela kwesifundo kufanele wazi izici kwesakhiwo kwezinhlobo kanye nendima yabo zomzimba womuntu kanye nemvelo. Kungumsebenzi we uthisha ukuhlola nokwenziwa ngokuhlola yonke indaba ukuze mayelana Hymenoptera ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile.

izakhiwo ezidlayo. nenyongo-fly

Njengezinye izinambuzane eziningi, ezinye zenyathi babe Hymenoptera izakhiwo yisinanakazana. Omunye abameleli, ezithinta lokhu nempahla iminyovu nenyongo. Ngokuvamile, baba amaqanda phezu kwesihlahla se-okhi noma izihlahlana. Ukubukeka kwaso ziyafana nati encane. Lesi sinambuzane lizalela amaqanda alo ngqo amagxolo noma amaqabunga izitshalo. Esikhathini esizayo, lapho dweba izibungu White abephula imisebenzi ebalulekile nezihlahla, yisinanakazana kubo.

Ihnevmonoidy

Olunye uhlobo Hymenoptera yisinanakazana - ihnevmonoidy. Abamele le sub-zinhlobo zingafani umbala kanye nosayizi. Abesifazane ihnevmonoidov ungazange uzwakalise sisila filamentous. Bahlala phezulu nezinye izinambuzane kanye injected umzimba wabo amaqanda abo.

Ezinye queens sisila ugcwele ubuthi. Ngenxa izici ezifana abasusa kwezitshalo izinambuzane. Of amaqanda e yomzimba yomunye isinambuzane izibungu dweba. Okokuqala adle okunamafutha ezigcine isisulu, nalapho imfuyo yabo sekuzophela, ukuqala ukudla izitho ezibalulekile. Ngesikhathi isibungu iqala ukwakha umfece, njengoba umthetho, isisulu uyafa.

Chalcid

Chalcid - kungenye zenyathi Hymenoptera yisinanakazana. Basuke izimpawu usayizi sasivumela encane. Njengezinye izinambuzane eziningi yisinanakazana ezihlala emzimbeni Chalcid namanye amalungu.

Eqinisweni Enelukuluku ukuthi Chalcid kungaba Luhlala ngisho amadamu. Kukholakala ukuthi abamele yisinanakazana Hymenoptera zenyathi eminingi yasendulo wahlala esikhathini Cretaceous.

Kukhona zenyathi ahlukene Chalcid - Costa Rica. Abakwazi Luhlala hhayi kuphela izilwane kodwa futhi abantu. Kuyaziwa ukuthi umlimi eNew England ngemuva indlebe yakhe yenhlwathi kuba isinambuzane ezaziwayo. Le ndoda yabe amasonto amabili nobuhlungu babulawa futhi bakhononda of ukulahlekelwa kukuzwa. Amaviki amathathu ngemva kokuba singenile unkosikazi umlimi wathola ukuthi aphume indlebe yakhe kukhasa izinambuzane ezincane. Man ngokushesha esibhedlela. Odokotela kwenziwe ukuhlinzwa futhi athathwe kuye endlebeni ezingaphezu kuka-300 amagremu Chalcid.

Phakathi Chalcid kukhona kwezinhlobo okuyizinto yisinanakazana kuphela izitshalo. Zenza izimpilo zabo ku galls (neziqu izindawo leaf izicubu). Bambalwa abantu bazi, kodwa kukhona zenyathi Chalcid, abameleli okuyinto amaqanda e izithelo ficus, iziphi nje ekuqaleni ukwakha. Ngaphandle lezi zinambuzane, lesi sitshalo ebandleni bekungekhe kukghonakale ukuletha impova. Futhi sibonga parasitism, kuhlanganisa imbewu ficus.

Kufinyeta

Cishe zonke Hymenoptera kuyabamangaza nathi quaintness yayo futhi ehlukile. Ngamunye zilwane izici zayo siqu. Kulesi sihloko, esiye salubonisa iziphi izinambuzane Amazing. Siye sathola ukuthi izintuthwane asisoze salala, futhi njengathi nje, ezifuywayo etshalwa, futhi abanye Hymenoptera izinambuzane yisinanakazana bangazuza. Ngeshwa, abantu abaningi self-abhubhise umhlaba nezakhamuzi zawo. Sincoma kakhulu hhayi lokulimaza imvelo yethu, hhayi kuphela Hymenoptera, kodwa futhi nabanye abameleli nezilwane uzizwa ukhululekile futhi ungazange wanyamalala ezweni lakithi ngemva kweminyaka embalwa.