Goiter - i lakhulisiwe yegilo ndlala. Goiter: izimpawu, ngezigaba, izimbangela, ukwelashwa

Kubantu, indlala yegilo ifeza indima ebaluleke kakhulu. Ukwelapha ohlelweni endocrine, umzimba ehilelekile ukulawulwa amandla umzimba. iyizingxenye ezimbili ezixhunywe isiqeshana sezwe ke, kukhona ezinhlangothini uqhoqhoqho. amandla udle isakazwa phakathi sezitokisi, bese uma alwanele ukugxambukela hormone. Uma lokhu kusilela kuyinto njalo, kukhona noshintsho oluphawulekayo izindwangu nezifo goitre. amafomu eziningana abahlukene futhi degrees izifo, okuyizinto izimbangela ezahlukahlukene kanye nezimpawu. Noma yiluphi uhlobo zokugula kudinga ukuxilongwa kanye nokwelashwa.

thyroid goiter

Namanje ayiqondakali kahle izindlela yendlala neoplasms. Izindlela yokwelashwa, eyaziwa kwezokwelapha namuhla kungase kungabi njalo ngempumelelo bese elapha ngokuphelele egunjini lokuhlolwa kwezifo.

Indwangu yegilo bakha follicle - amaseli eyindilinga. Ukuphazamiseka umzimba elihlobene ne sitho ukungasebenzi, kuholele deformations. Multinodular goiter yegilo kubangela izinguquko ezindaweni ezithile ngokukhukhumala kwentamo - kulo nezicubu. Ngaphandle okwandisa follicle sifo njani izinhlumba ukubukeka (fibrosis-nodular goiter). Ukudlondlobala kwalesi sifo kungaholela umuntu angakwazi ISIZINDA ebulalayo.

izizathu

Goiter - isifo kuhlanganisa umonakalo ahlukahlukene yegilo. Kunezinhlobo eziningana izinhlobo, amafomu kanye degrees zokugula, okuyizinto inkambo ehlukile bemvelo, izimbangela kanye nezimpawu. Imbangela eyinhloko goiter ezinobuthi ukuntuleka kwe-iodine emzimbeni, okuyinto kunciphisa umsebenzi secretory we indlala yegilo. imvelo Bad sithinta ukusebenza indlala yegilo. Ziwa ezinobuthi engabambezela umsebenzi indlala yegilo, ezivimbela ohlelweni endocrine.

ukusetshenziswa ezinganele imikhiqizo iodine-equkethe (ubisi, izithelo, izinhlanzi) ingabagulisa goiter. Izimbangela uhlobo engeyokuqala zesifo - inqubo umdlavuza noma yegilo adenoma. Ukwehlukanisa futhi cell division kulokhu kwenzeka ngaphansi kwethonya ezinobuthi nokushiswa ngemisebe, bangafeza sitholwa njengefa.

Amathuna zokugula kwenzeka ngenxa ithonya omzimba isitho ezithile izivikeli mzimba. Ukwelashwa siqukethe ukuthatha imithi ukuthi zivimbela ekukhiqizweni kwama-hormone, ngezinye izikhathi inkinga isixazululekile ngu ukuhlinzwa.

symptomatology

Goitre - lesi sifo yokuthi ingekho izigaba sokuqala, kanti isiguli kungenzeka nokuthi ngebukhona yayo. Kuphela ngokuqondene nokwanda okuphawulekayo yegilo ukuthuthukisa ezithile esithombeni emtholampilo. Izimpawu shchitovidki libhekene ukuvuvukala yayo phezu kwegilo ngaphambili entanyeni, kanye kokucindezelwa kwezicubu eduze. Nokho, iziguli esekhala a isifuba esomile hoarseness kwezwi, umqondo 'yinhlama emphinjeni ", iphika. Lapho nokuhamba kwezindikimba ikhanda kukhona umuzwa ukungezwani kanye nesiyezi ngenxa clamping izitsha entanyeni. Ngo ukugwinya kancane okhathazekile ngenxa yokucinana we emphinjeni. Kukhona ezahlukene amasayithi obujwayelekile ku indlala yegilo. Okufanele ukwenze ezimweni ezinjalo - ngakho-ke ekuqaleni esolwa afune usizo lwezokwelapha.

Nge ukuthuthukiswa kwe-pathology ngenxa ukuntula iodine is kwahambisana by isithombe emitholampilo kanye nezinye izimpawu ezihambisana ezine-hypothyroidism: ukuvuvukala, njalo izifo zokuphefumula, umfutho ophansi wegazi. Lapho yegilo adenoma noma-Graves 'disease, zikhona izimpawu-hyperthyroidism: kwesisindo, ukucasuka, isandla Isakhiwo sazamazama, indlala, imfiva.

Ehlasela umzimba goiter euthyroid

I zokugula kubangelwa ukuntula iodine. hyperplastic compensatory nezinqubo hypertrophic e indlala yegilo yomzimba elibanzi eliqonde ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinga elanele kwama-hormone egilo. izindlela eguquguqukayo ukuze ukushoda iodine elihlobene ne endogenous salvage iodine, uketshezi iodide ngincipha izinso triyodtirozina zamagama, bamba ethuthukisiwe iodine by indlala yegilo. Ngale ndlela, umzimba ivala iodine ukuntula, kodwa kukhona ukuthuthukiswa hypertrophy thyrocytes, iqinisekisa ukuphepha imisebenzi yegilo. goiter Euthyroid ingase ibangele izinkinga busebenze ngenxa izinto ezifana ngokweqile-calcium ukuntula micronutrients (molybdenum, ithusi, ayibe, selenium, zinc, manganese), imithi ethile, izifo ezingelapheki, ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo, ukubhema.

Ngo iningi amacala musa ukuthuthukisa izimpawu zokwelashwa, ngoba lesi sifo cishe akusho ahlupheke umsebenzi yegilo. Ngezinye izikhathi isimo lesiguli kungabonakala nasemkhakheni ujenene ubuthakathaka, ukukhathala, ukukhathala. shchitovidki Ukwandisa kakhulu isici sobala yezimonyo kuhambisana futhi umuzwa ingcindezi entanyeni. Okunye ngezimpawu zesifo yegilo elihlobene ne hypertrophy yomzimba kungabangela eziyingozi: ukuvuvukala wendlala yabesilisa, ukopha, kokucindezelwa we emphinjeni, kuqhoqhoqho. Against ngemuva kwalesi zokugula ingaqala nezinye, izinhlobo eziyinkimbinkimbi of goiter.

goiter Toxic

Ngo abesifazane, isilinganiso seminyaka yobudala kutholakala ikakhulukazi ekubhebhetselisa goiter anobuthi. Lesi sifo lingandile kangako esithinta izingane ezigulini esezikhulile. Hhayi okwamanje sekusungulwe ngokuphelele, ukuthi izici ezithonya ukuthuthukiswa lesi sifo, kodwa iningi imithi kubhekwa njengembangela eyinhloko ukukhubazeka kwezakhi zofuzo ngenxa lapho simiso somthetho we ukukhiqizwa kwamasosha omzimba kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela iphuka. Lezi iziyaluyalu kuholele yokuthi namasosha ngokumelene yegilo zabo izicubu isiguli. Ukuphazamiseka kwezakhi zofuzo kuleli cala - akusiyo noma kungenzeka ngokuphelele futhi njalo kwezibalo lokho akulona ingane iyagula, uma lesi sifo goiter othile kusuka kubazali.

Izimo zethu zihluke kakhulu ezingavamile kulesi zokugula ukwenyuka ivolumu yegilo. Ngo-30% eziguli wathola ukwanda emehlweni (Amathuna ophthalmopathy, ophthalmopathy endocrine, exophthalmos). Izimpawu lomcoka ngokukhukhumala kwentamo goiter anobuthi sihlotshaniswa ngokweqile kwama-hormone ekhiqizwa indlala yegilo. Ngenxa umsebenzi ngokweqile imiphumela hormone e eziphukile inhliziyo umsebenzi lesiguli, kuze ukuthuthukiswa arrhythmias. Yokukhulisa izinqubo umzimba kuholele kwesisindo. Iziguli ingase ibe nezimpawu ezifana eziya ziba zimbi wobuthongo uyakhala ukukhathala, ukucasuka, eliqhaqhazelayo ukubukeka.

goiter nodular

goiter nodular - eziningana pathologies nge ngento eyodwa - ezemfundo ISIZINDA yegilo indlala. Ngemva izinsolo ukuqhubeka kwesifo, isiguli kuzomele udlule eziningi survey ukuze kutholakale umsuka kanye nohlobo. Uma isiguli itholwa ezingaphezu kweyodwa node, ke sitholakale goiter multinodular we indlala yegilo. Ukubonakaliswa ezivame kakhulu lesi sifo singumbulali goiter colloidal euthyroid. Izimpawu njengoba enjalo ingekho, kodwa ukukhubazeka avele entanyeni kuze kube ukusonteka. Bekanye emizweni ezibuhlungu yezinkinga, okhombisa nokukhula ngokushesha zokwakheka: ukopha inhlangano, ukubukeka ukuvuvukala, eminye inyuka yegilo. ISIZINDA of usayizi esikhulu kungaba cindezela kuqhoqhoqho noma emphinjeni, okuyinto kuhambisana thuthuva ukuphefumula nokugwinya.

Kutfutfukiswa goiter nodular lula izinto ezifana yofuzo, izifo ezingelapheki amagciwane, imithi, ukudla izici goitrogenic, yizici zemvelo. Isizathu esiyinhloko ukuntuleka kwe-iodine emzimbeni. Akubalulekile ukuletha lesi sifo sesimeni sokunganakwa. Bheka ngokushesha kudokotela uma uzizwa ifindo kule ndlala yegilo. Yini okufanele uyenze ngokulandelayo, indlela balahle kubo futhi kuvimbele yezinkinga - lingatholakala ku kokubonisana ezikhethekile emva uhla eligcwele survey. Kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho ongazithatha ezinye izinyathelo futhi zibeka ukwelashwa.

degrees

Degree of goiter nodular kwanqunywa kusukela yegilo kanjani lakhulisiwe. ISIZINDA kungaba letingemasayizi lahlukene eliningi ezahlukene. Ngezinye wamanje, kukhona ezimbili ngeengaba of goiter nodular emandleni. Eyokuqala - at Nikolaev. Kube khona eyedwa amaqembu 5. Ngezinye zero degree of indlala yegilo ayibonakali futhi hhayi obuzwiwa palpation. Eyokuqala - azibonakali, kodwa palpable. Izinga lesibili libhekene wawubonakalisa ebonakalayo indlala phakathi singagwinyi. Ngekhulu lesithathu wesifunda uyanda futhi uya ngokuya sikhula entanyeni. Eyesine kuboniswa goiter esobala kakade, okuphula ukucushwa entanyeni. Okwesihlanu, degree lokugcina isifo igcwele ukuxakeka. Usayizi omkhulu indlala yegilo kuholela kokucindezelwa kwezitho eduze, okuyinto esenza umsebenzi umgudu wokuphefumula futhi senhliziyo pheshana emathunjini i-.

Ngokwe-WHO ngezigaba, zikhona ezintathu degree (zero, lokuqala nelesibili) lesi sifo. Ngezinye zero goiter akuyona eyokuqala - azibonakali, kodwa palpable, futhi uma kukhona yesibili degree goiter, futhi kungabonwa ngeso lenyama. Uma izigaba sokuqala ukuthuthukiswa isifo akuzona ingozi ebonakalayo emzimbeni, le ukuqhubeka kwesifo kungaholela emiphumeleni engathí sina, ngoba isivuno - kuba isifo esiyingozi kakhulu, ngaphezu kwezinguquko zangaphandle nomthelela omubi ekusebenzeni kwazo zonke izinhlangano kanye nezikhungo.

izindlela ukuxilongwa

luhlolo kokuqala nesineke wenziwa nge palpation. Uma isimila uyaziwa linqume ultrasound anqume inani neoplasms yegilo kanye nosayizi eqondile. Fine-inaliti nenshisekelo biopsy wenziwa esimweni lapho kumiswa engaphezu kuka-1 cm, noma kukhona izinsolo umdlavuza. Ultrasound kuhlangene biopsy kwandisa cwaningo ulwazi.

Thyroid goiter, endaweni esifubeni futhi ngezinye ngezinga elikhulu, kungenziwa dengwane bebheke yomoya, elibangela ukuxakeka. Ukuze uvimbele lokhu, liqoke-X-ray Ngokuphambene barium yombala esifubeni emphinjeni. Magnetic resonance imaging isetshenziswa ngenjongo ucwaningo eningiliziwe goiter retrosternal. Ezimweni ezivamile, akukashicilelwa.

Indlela esiphatha ngayo goiter

ukwelashwa goiter kungaba ngoludala futhi kuhlinzwa. Inketho yokuqala isetshenziswa, uma kwatholakala ukuthi nginesifo ehlasela umzimba wonke, nodular, goiter multinodular we indlala yegilo. contraindication Ingabe Ohulumeni Banalo Lonke ukuhlinzwa futhi isizathu usebenzisa ukuphathwa olandelanayo. Siqukethe izinyathelo eziningana. Okokuqala, udinga kubuketa ekudleni kwakho futhi esikhundleni salo elinganiselayo. Kusadingeka ukuthuthukisa izimo sanitary. Kube angabeka ukwelashwa endaweni yokungcebeleka ezikhethekile. izingxenye ezibalulekile yokuphathwa olandelanayo zihlanganisa: ukuzinza kwesibindi kanye umsebenzi esiswini, yokulungiswa foci izifo ezingelapheki, ukuzinza iodine umzimba umzimba. Lesi sakamuva kufinyelelwa ngenxa kokuthola imithi enjalo, "triiodothyronine", "Tireoidin", "Tireotom", "Tireokomb".

ukwelashwa Steel ezinqunyiwe, uma kunezinkomba zokuthi ukuhlinzwa: ehlasela umzimba goiter IV V ngokwezinga goiter ngokukhukhumala kwentamo III ngokwezinga okuyinto akukwazi yokwelapha ngoludala, goiter exubile kanye nodular, yegilo uma anda. Goiter isuswe ngezindlela ezimbili: gemistrumektomiya futhi resection we Lobe. kokungenela Steel ithwala udokotela ohlinzayo ngaphansi egadiwe i endocrinology. Kungenzeka futhi ekwelapheni amakhambi goiter abantu. I wazama kakhulu futhi ephumelelayo indlela ukusebenzisa amakhambi elecampane. Isetshenziselwa ukumnika vodka futhi isetshenziselwe ukususa emphinjeni ekhambini eliphelele.

Ukuvimbela goitre

Ukuze abhekane goitre isifo, kubalulekile ukuze uvikele izimo isifo singalapheki ukuthuthukisa ngaphansi kwazo. Sikhuluma zokuvimbela, lokukhulunywa ngako kulendzaba kungaba mass, iqembu, ngabanye. IMisa siqukethe ekusebenziseni usawoti iodized, equkethe ngamunye 1 ton of 25 amagremu potassium. ebaluleke nakakhulu reception ezindaweni enkulu yokuba iodine ukuntula. zokuvimbela sabaqashi Kwenziwa "antistrumin" izidakamizwa. Basebenzisa ke amayunithi lempi, zezingane futhi amaqembu esikoleni ngesikhathi umthamo 1 ithebhulethi ngeliviki. Iziguli efika ezokwakha endaweni iodine ukuntula, futhi libeke izidakamizwa "antistrumin".

Specific yesondlo izifo kufanele sigcwaliswe ngokuhlanganyela nokuqedwa izici ngodlame esebenzisa eziningi izinyathelo sanitary yezenhlalakahle (ekulweni nezifo emathunjini, isiko sanitary sabantu, nokuvinjelwa hypovitaminosis, ukudla okunhlobonhlobo olinganiselayo, ngcono ukuthi bahlezi kanjani).