Fort Kronstadt. multimedia umbukiso

Edolobheni Petersburg - ke ingenye izikhungo ezinkulu emhlabeni izivakashi. Kodwa abaningi abazi ukuthi zalo ezikhangayo zitholakala hhayi kuphela emgwaqweni wendiza. Ngaphezu iminyuziyamu, amasonto, emiseleni nezigodlo nge amapaki, North inhloko-dolobha yaseRussia kungaba ukuziqhayisa futhi izinqaba lasendulo. Ngemva uPeter Omkhulu, wakha imizi impela phansi ekhaleni abaseSweden kwakudingeka anakekele zokuphepha yakhe kusukela olwandle. Yingakho ngo-Gulf, ne nasenyakatho naseningizimu uhlangothi, wayala ukuba kwakhiwe iziqhingi nezinqaba. Uma kwenzeka, uma imikhumbi isitha iphula ngokusebenzisa ukuzivikela yalezi izinqaba, babefanele ukuhlangabezana Kronstadt nqaba. Itholakala esiqhingini Kotlin, amakhilomitha amabili nje evela ogwini ezweni, esemgwaqweni ku Saint Petersburg. Asithathe uhambo olubonakalayo zokugcina wesifunda ukuzivikela bomuzi iNeva.

Livela waleyo nqaba sokuqala

Kotlin Isiqhingi okukhulunywe ngaye encwadini yezindaba zemihla ngemihla ngisho nangaphambi uvele kumephu emhlabeni Petersburg. "Orekhovskiy ukuthula yalesi sivumelwano" kwekhulu weshumi nane, eyabizwa ngokuthi iphuzu umngcele owela phakathi Kingdom yaseSweden le Novgorod Republic. Kodwa emva kweminyaka engamakhulu amathathu siqhingi iyiswe ubunikazi omakhelwane enyakatho. Kotlin abaseSweden esetshenziselwa yokupaka ehlobo emikhunjini yabo. In autumn 1703 Peter I yayala ukwakha inqaba esiqhingini. Phakathi nobunye ubusika Kotlin kwaqinisa indunduma yokufakelwa, esisuka ngayo ezwekazini. Kuleli qophelo eGulf of Finland ayijulile kakhulu, futhi lokhu kwenza kwangenzeka nganoma ukudlula edamini imikhumbi emikhulu. Lapho 1704 uqalisiwe Ukuqondiswa kwemikhumbi, abaseSweden yathola ukuthi ukuze uthole iNeva Bay akunakwenzeka, futhi Fort imele eziqhingini zabo. Ngo-May, le nqaba kwelinye izwe lanikezelwa futhi ithole igama Kronshlot (kusuka Gall. "IRoyal Palace"). Kwakuwusuku Fort kuqala. Kronstadt njengoba inqaba eyavela kamuva. Kronshlot esisogwini oluseningizimu esiqhingini Kotlin.

Umlando izinqaba edolobheni Kronstadt

Peter sengathi le ndawo phathelana owakhiwe. Ngakho-ke, lesi siqhingi baqala ukuthutha abantu abasebenza, middle class futhi abathengisi. Ukuze ukhuthaze ukuhambisa ku Kotlin kwamadoda asebukhosini, uPetru I yayala ukwakha isigodlo sakhe lapha. Ngeshwa, le ngephuzu elithakazelisayo nanamuhla engakaze balondolozwa. Kodwa esiqhingini lapho esezinzile A. Italian Menshikov Palace. Ngo 1706, ogwini olungasentshonalanga yoLwandle ka Kotlina Yakhiwa redoubt Alexander-emseleni. Ngo-October 1723, Peter ngabeka esimweni zemikhosi Fort Kronstadt. Isihloko, futhi, ukuhumusha kusuka Dutch kusho "Royal City". Ngalesi sikhathi, isiqhingi bekulokhu eziningi izindlu. Inkosi yayala ukuthi inqaba entsha zizungezwé izindonga zokuzivikela lonke idolobha kanye wokwakha igceke lemikhumbi. Ukwakhiwa enqabeni laqedwa 1747.

izinqaba esiseNingizimu Kronstadt

Izinqaba umuzi wabizwa kabusha kambalwa. Lokhu kuyadingeka ekuthuthukiseni ubuchwepheshe lempi. Ukuze sikwazi ukumelana nengwenya amathuba amaningi izikhali isitha, uhulumeni muzi owakhiwe kabusha elidala wamisa izinqaba entsha. Ngalesi sikhathi, kukhona amabili nanye ukuzivikela Petersburg luhlobo. Seventeen wabo zitholakala eziqhingini eGulf of Finland. Lezi amanzi vysyaschiesya ngokuqondile izinqaba of Kronstadt (isithombe omunye wabo phambi kwakho) wenze izivakashi zinemibono ehlala njalo. Evamile, zonke lezi inqaba ukuzivikela sehlukaniswe nasenyakatho naseningizimu (kuncike isihlobo indawo kuya Kotlin esiqhingini). uvele Okokuqala, njengoba sikhumbula, Kronshlot. Okuthe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kulekelelwa ngomunye izinqaba eziyisikhombisa eningizimu: lokuqala nelesibili, Milutin, uMbusi uPawulu mina, ibhethri, Prince Menshikov, futhi uMbusi u-Alexander I.

Northern Forts ka Kronstadt

Lezi nezinqaba nabizelwa lokuqala ukuhlangabezana ukuhlaselwa isitha. Futhi eziyisikhombisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze uvimbele ukudlula imikhumbi isitha Petersburg, kwadingeka azivikele Kronstadt. inombolo North Fort 2 namanje esisogwini isiqhingi, kanti abanye ixhunywe ezwekazini ngu Kotlin kanye onguthelawayeka indandatho komgwaqo. Enye nezinqaba ezimbili abizwa ngokuthi Krasnoarmeyskaya futhi Pervomayskaya.

Forts esiqhingini Kotlin

Okokuqala-ke kwakudingekile ukuba uqinise edolobheni Kronstadt. Ngakho-ke, ngaphandle lenqaba emaphakathi, ezizungeze idolobha, elamiswa asizayo izinqaba. Okokuqala base embankments (imisele). With ukuthuthukiswa inqubo ecasula futhi izinqaba kabusha. Izivakashi isithakazelo ocacile Citadel nqaba. Yakhiwa 1724 futhi kamuva eyethiwa ngokuthi u Peter I. kweminyaka eyishumi ku 1808 lapho kugqashuka impi nge abaseSweden, eningizimu yalesi siqhingi kwakukhona ibhethri ezimbili, manje okuthiwa Fort uConstantine. Entshonalanga Kotlin, phezu namathe, imele Reef. At the site i zobumba redoubt 1706 Alexander ngasekupheleni kwekhulu nesishiyagalolunye, nqaba Yakhiwa Schantz. Kronstadt ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili, nalaba izikhundla shelled amabutho aseJalimane igxilile ogwini olusenyakatho-Gulf - kusukela Zelenogorsk ukuze Beloostrov.

Uhambo e Kronstadt

On Kotlin Island, manje okuyinto matasa, engafinyelelwa ngomgwaqo kanye ngohlelo emhubheni ongaphansi komhlaba. Umuzi-Fort Kronstadt waba lesifunda saseSt Petersburg. Izinqaba esiqhingini Kotlin ukubona wenze ngokwakho. Ezinye zazo yilezi isesimweni esingesihle ngenxa yezikhukhula njalo. Ukuze ukuhlola izinqaba yasenyakatho naseningizimu izinhlangothi, udinga ukuthatha uhambo ngesikebhe. Lezi ukuvakasha ku katerke izinkambo ziqhutshwa phakathi nezinyanga zasehlobo kuphela. Uhambo nisukele Fort uConstantine. Kodwa izivakashi ungahambi waya ogwini ukuhlola izinqaba alesi siqhingi.