F. KAFKA "Inguquko": isifinyezo, ukuhlaziywa, ukubuyekezwa

Vladimir Nabokov esihlokweni sakhe ezibucayi, "" Inguquko "Frantsa Kafki", wathi: "Uma" Inguquko "kubonakala KAFKA othile okungaphezu fantasy entomological, Ngihalalisela kuye ku neqiniso lokuthi wayeseholela zahlangana kwabahle enkulu abafundi ' . Ngokuqinisekile, lo msebenzi ufanelwe isimo sayo njengomholi omunye okudaliwe enkulu etemibhalo futhi isibonelo esihle umcabango kombhali.

Incwadi (Franz KAFKA, "Inguquko") iyalandisa Ngomuntu oyedwa, Gregor SAMSA, ngubani evuka ekuseni ngelinye ilanga ngokungazelelwe waqaphela ukuthi liphenduke isinambuzane omkhulu.

ukuguqulwa esheshayo futhi ofuna ukuphumela obala of Gregor, kanye nenye izakhi zokuhlala kanye kumnandi ukwenza le indaba iphupho Akumangalisi kukholakale.

umhlaziyi Izibuyekezo

Kushicilelwe ngo-1912, umkhiqizo iye yabangela Izibuyekezo ingxubevange baxgeki. Abafundi ziye zaphawula ukuthi "Inguquko" - omunye wemisebenzi ambalwa KAFKA wafuna ukushicilela. Ngemva kokufa kwakhe, isithakazelo endabeni laliphezulu kakhulu. Abagxeki wabhala mayelana nokuqukethwe thematic umkhiqizo, abanye itjheje okwangempela inoveli, siziqhathanise indaba kumnandi ngokuphelele ezinguquko ka Gregor ezinambuzaneni. Stanley Korngold waphawula ukuthi akukho ukufundwa umuntu ngaphandle eyodwa emaceleni, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi ngifuna ukufunda omningi ukugxekwa enikelwe kulo msebenzi, ukuze uqonde kangcono kuso.

Abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi lesi inoveli "Inguquko" (Franz KAFKA), ukuhlaziywa okuyinto oluhlongozwayo ukunakwa kwakho, siveza umqondo bokuhlukaniswa wazizwa umlobi ngaleso sikhathi.

Wayengahlezi amaJalimane kuphela abahlala inhlokodolobha Czech ePrague, kodwa umJuda esikhathini ngesihluku kwamaJuda. KAFKA naye wazizwa ecindezeleka kuyise, owayefuna ukuba ukulandela ezinyathelweni zakhe futhi baba usomabhizinisi. Lokhu ukuguqulwa ongaziwa ku isinambuzane ubonakala njalo ngenxa oluphethe imizwa kumbhali yokuba umtshingo ubethwa ngubani yokungafaneleki. Kulendaba, ungabona futhi kungukufanekisa zokuqothulwa kohlanga, ikakhulukazi Kwesizwe. Nakuba umlobi efa ngo-1924, lapho izenzakalo main Kwesizwe sasingakafiki kuqalile, amalungu amaningi omkhaya KAFKA kamuva wayenaso.

Okunye baxgeki ukuthola umsebenzi wokuhlekwa ukubhekisela umsebenzi Freud sasho, noKarla Marksa, Fridriha Nitsshe, ucabangela "Inguquko" njengoba incazelo lula engokomfanekiso imiqondo eyinkimbinkimbi zefilosofi. ukungqubuzana Gregor sika noyise, futhi lokhu olufana indaba iphupho ngokuvamile kuqhathaniswa ngokuya theory Freud amaphupho kanye le Oedipus eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ngokombono ukungakwazi Marxism Gregor sika ukusebenza ubonakala wokumelana zabasebenzi kunonya futhi akunabuntu emphakathini kosozimali nemiphumela yayo ebulalayo ukuze ngabanye. Abanye babheka igobolondo ezimbi hero njengoba nokwenqaba categorical ukulalela Gregor amagugu nezimfuno zomphakathi, efana superman Nietzschean.

F. KAFKA "Inguquko": isifinyezo

Ngolunye usuku ekuseni Gregor evuka futhi osezithola umfanekiso isinambuzane eyesabekayo.

Ukuzama ukufunda ukulawula umzimba wakhe omusha, kodwa uchitha isikhathi esiningi futhi uyaqonda ukuthi ngasekupheleni umsebenzi (umsebenzi njengoba umdayisi wokujikeleza Gregor). Ukuzama donsa yena aphume embhedeni, umnyango ningqongqoza, kuqala unina ke uyise nodadewabo.

Loku kuvakasha kwaba yizinhloko

Inhloko Gregor livela ehhovisi ukuthola izizathu engekho emsebenzini. Nakuba abazali ukukhuluma nomnikazi wenkampani, nodadewethu wayememeza ekamelweni olandelayo, Gregor sneaks emnyango egumbini lakhe lokulala, kuvula, futhi ame phambi kwabo, kusetshenziswa wonke umuntu ngomfanekiso wakhe omusha. Umama iqhawe iwela swoon, nenhloko okukhulu siphela efulethini.

Ubaba ibamba iphephandaba nenhloko umhlanga nokuzama ukubamba Gregor, zigijima egumbini lokuphumula naye. I hero ukuphela okwenzayo ukuze uthole emnyango egumbini lakhe lokulala, kodwa ubhajwe ngasemnyango. Ubaba odlulela Igumbi Gregor futhi evala umnyango ngemva kwakhe.

Yini okunye kusenzo noveli "Inguquko" Franz KAFKA? Amazwibela zizoqhubeka nokuqapha imicimbi.

Badideke futhi ishaqekile abesabekayo sama omusha, Gregor nomkhaya wakhe kancane kancane egxilile imisebenzi yansuku zonke kanye nokunakekela. Ngakho noma sekudlule amasonto nezinyanga phambili. Nakuba protagonist uyezwa amathuba umzimba wakhe omusha kanye nogqozi bakhe abasha ukudla okubolile, Greta, udadewabo, enakekela umfowabo - feeds kabili ngosuku nendawo ehlanzekile.

Hlela kabusha ifenisha

Uma Greta ithola ukuthi Gregor uthanda ukukhasa emhlabeni ikamelo, kuhlanganise izindonga nophahla. Utshele mayelana nonina, banquma ukuba sifeze ifenisha ekamelweni lakhe ukuze anike isikhala esithe xaxa ukuze Gregor. Uma phambi iqhawe njalo ukufihla, lapho othile weza ekamelweni, kodwa ngalesi sikhathi ngomzamo ukuvimbela umqondo izihlobo zakhe, yena uthola on isithombe esilenga odongeni.

Lapho abesifazane angene ekamelweni, unina ubona Gregor futhi ufikelwa. Greta agelezela egumbini lokuphumula ukumlanda imithi, futhi iqhawe lethu kulandela udadewabo, ukuzama ukusiza. Lapho yena uzungeze, ayibone Gregor ukwethuka siphela Abuyela endlini emuva kwezikhathi. Ekhathazekile, ugijimela emhlabeni egumbini lokuphumula kuze, kuze, sikhathele siyingcuba, uwela phezu kwetafula, ngibe ngimi maphakathi egumbini.

isilonda

Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile lona ubaba ebuyela ekhaya. Greta wamtshela ukuthi kwakwenzekeni. Ubaba Gregor ngentukuthelo olandela egumbini lokuphumula futhi yenza apula ngaye. Omunye wabo iwela iqhawe emuva, okukhwantabalisayo kuye. Kungazelelwe, unina uyagijima aphume ekamelweni unxusa kuyisezala onga Gregor.

Ukuze ukuphulukisa isilonda, hero wathatha ngenyanga. Umnyango wekamelo Gregor sika lisavuliwe kusihlwa, futhi ungakwazi bagcine evamile kusihlwa imisebenzi yasekhaya umndeni. Nakuba ubaba dozing izingubo ukusebenza kwakhe umnikazi, umama othungela zangaphansi futhi Greta ukutadisha ifasitela lokuzula nesiFulentshi. Umndeni uqashwe entsha yokuhlanza lady, umfelokazi ubudala, abavame ukhuluma Gregor. Abazali unquma ukuthatha kubalimi bakhe abathathu, ukuze ngandlela-thile izidingo zomkhaya.

ukufa

Ngobunye ubusuku, lo izakhamizi abamenyiwe Greta ukudlala ivayolini egumbini labo. Gregor bejabule imidlalo kukhasa kwesokudla phakathi nendlu, engaqondile ukubanjwa ngenkathi amehlo izilaleli. Ukufika kuqala udidekile bese abahlala wethuke ukumemezela ukuthi uhlose ukuba aphume lapha ngosuku olulandelayo, ngaphandle kokukhokha intela. Ngemva kokuba asuswe, umndeni bhunga ngalokho okufanele uyenze ngokulandelayo. Greta ungibelesela ngokuthi Gregor kumelwe balahle kumnyama kubomvu. iqhawe lethu, ngubani ngaleso sikhathi kwaba lisesemandleni phakathi ikamelo, emuva egumbini lakhe lokulala. Hungry, ukhathele futhi ekhungathekile, ushone ekuseni ngosuku olulandelayo.

Ngemva kwamahora ambalwa uzibambela lady uthola isidumbu Gregor futhi ememezela kokufa kwakhe umndeni. Ngemva kokuhamba abantu abahlala kulo muzi umndeni enquma zithathe usuku lokuphumula bese uya ezweni. Ngakho uphela indaba "Inguquko" Franz KAFKA. Amazwibela wakhe osanda kukufunda.

Uhlobo - okwangempela imilingo, yesimanjemanje

Lo msebenzi, eyanyatheliswa ngo-1915, ngo-1912, wabhala Franz KAFKA. "Inguquko", sifinyeto okuyinto ufundile nje, kungokwalabo uhlobo izincwadi modernist. Isiphetho Gregor, okhangisa ngemikhiqizo yenkampani engenabantu ukuhamba uveza ukukhathazeka olujwayelekile mayelana modernist kuhlukaniswa umphumela, okubonakala emphakathini wanamuhla. Njengakwezinye izindawo imisebenzi lolu hlobo, lisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe "ekusakazeni ukwazi" esimelela lo Psychology eziyinkimbinkimbi protagonist. Tale "Inguquko" - incwadi (F. KAFKA), okuyinto kusebenza futhi yesimanje okwangempela imilingo , nge juxtaposition yayo izigameko kumnandi nesenzakalo esingokoqobo.

Isikhathi nendawo

Akunakwenzeka ukuthi nini futhi kuphi izenzakalo indaba kwenzeke (KAFKA, "Inguquko"). ukuphendula umbuzo mayelana isikhathi esiqondile nendawo yalo isinyathelo okuqukethwe Quick akusho, ke onganikeli ngabo, futhi umsebenzi uqobo. Ukulandisa asisitsheli indawo eqondile ezindawo ngosuku oluthile. Ngaphandle yesehlakalo bokugcina, lapho Samsas ukuphuma edolobheni, zonke isenzo kwenzekani efulethini abo. Lokhu efulethini Kushalazela emigwaqweni ephithizelayo sabo enkabeni yedolobha bakhangisa esibhedlela ezingaphesheya komgwaqo, etholakala eduze iwindi lokulala Gregor. Ngokusobala, efulethini itholakala enkabeni yedolobha. Yena impela nesizotha.

Sandwiched phakathi ekamelweni yabazali futhi Greta, igumbi Gregor sika eduze egumbini lokuphumula. Linganisa isikhala indaba efulethini, umlobi ugcizelela kwemihlambi protagonist, kuhlukaniswa yakhe kusukela umphakathi.

uhlamvu Gregor sika: ukuhlaziya. ( "Inguquko", KAFKA)

Ake sibheke ezimbili abavamile izinsizwa. Akekho kubo akuyona banikezwe ekhethekile ukuhlakanipha, ubuhle noma ingcebo. Ungase uthi ngisho ukuthi ngandlela-thile ngobugwala. Lapha bobabili uvuke ngosuku olulodwa futhi kungazelelwe aqaphele ukuthi ikhono izinambuzane ...

Omunye wabo iba iqhawe (Spider-Man). Unqoba ababi. Owesifazane iwina. Kulula ukukhuphuka namabhilidi e lokuhweba yakhe isudi, okubangela sihlonishwe abanye.

Yiziphi ezinye, Gregor SAMSA, okuyinto iyalandisa (F. KAFKA, "Inguquko"), sifinyeto okuyinto ufundile nje? Uhlala immured egumbini adle udoti. Umndeni wakhe engayinaki Gregor, uma kungekhona zazo ukuba nobutha. Dirty, imfucumfucu ezilahliwe, yayifa yesizungu. Yileyo indlela empilweni yami iphela ingloriously iqhawe kwendaba "Inguquko" (KAFKA). Izibuyekezo Le ndaba kuyinto ludale ...

Ukuguqulwa Gregor njengoba okungalindelekile futhi elibi, ukuthi ngenxa yezimo abhekene ufuna ukuvula ukuze esidlule uma uzama ukuphendula umbuzo yini eyaholela yokuthi umfana njalo ingloriously yaphela ukuphila kwakhe, Esedabulile izinguquko. KAFKA izibuyekezo imisebenzi kabani bebelokhu edidayo kakhulu njalo, futhi kulesi sikhathi akazange asinikeza impendulo ecacile mayelana nezizathu ukujika olukhulu kangaka izenzakalo ekuphileni hero wakhe, kusale ububanzi okubanzi baxgeki imicabango. umsebenzi engathandwa, isidingo ukondla umkhaya, ukukhungatheka ekuphileni kwakhe siqu - konke lokhu, kusobala, ezingemnandi kakhulu, kodwa hhayi ngokwanele ukuba ubizwe lesi simo okungabekezeleleki. izinkinga ezivamile umuntu ovamile, akunjalo? Ngisho Gregor sengqondo ukuguqulwa yayo iyakufakazela lokhu. Kunokuba baqagela ngesikhundla sakhe esisha, iqhawe ikhathazekile, ukuze singathwesi kwesikhathi emsebenzini. It kugcizelela ngokuqondile Franz KAFKA ( "Ukuguqulwa"). Isifinyezo umkhiqizo Bona ngaphezulu.

nezici ezintsha

Kodwa Okuxakayo ingakuvumeli ukucabangela nokuqhwandela Gregor wabonakaliswa ngokuphathelene nalesi simo, akuvimbeli kuye ukuvula wokunye okukhulu okwenziwa lomzimba wakhe omusha. isikhundla Style, okuyinto eyaba ngaye ngokoqobo entsha, ukhuthaza Gregor zibonisa khona kwawo njengoba ayengeke akucabange, ukuba nesandla kulokhu isimiso ibhizinisi nsuku zonke.

Yiqiniso, ekuqaleni kulesi sikhundla akakubangeli kuye lutho kodwa unengekile, kodwa kancane kancane avulekayo ezintsha wena amakhono, hero eseqala ukuzwa ukuzijabulisa, injabulo, ngisho nakho ucabangisisa wokulahlekelwa, ebhekisela ifilosofi Zen. Ngisho nalapho Gregor behlupha ukukhathazeka, yemvelo pulses umzimba isinambuzane umlethe impumuzo. Ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, azizwa uthando emkhayeni wakhe. Ngubani iqhawe akubukeki njenge umuntu Ngangivame - Salesman ukuphila abanelisekile, njengoba sibona ekuqaleni umlando Gregor. Naphezu isimo kwangaphandle dabukisa kubonakala sengathi abantu abaningi nesihawu kunamanye nebalingisi endzabeni.

isiphetho

Ngeke Nokho, ukusibekela Isiphelo sakhe. Indaba "Inguquko" KAFKA ugcina Gregor uyafa ngesimo isinambuzane, embozwe doti. It is hhayi ngisho wangcwatshwa ngendlela efanele. Isiphetho esimbi iqhawe, ukuhlaziywa yayo ( "Inguquko" KAFKA wabhala, ukuze noma ubani ofunda abakwazi ukusiza nokucabanga isiphetho Gregor) wavula njengoba izinzuzo zokuphila engavamile nasekusweleni ukuthi kumelwe ukubekezelela abantu abangafani, futhi ngasizathu simbe baphoqeleka ukuba bayishiye kusukela ukuphila okugcwele emphakathini.