El Greco. Isithombe: Umlando kanye nencazelo

Omunye amakhosi ezimbalwa nje kuphela ubudala, okuyinto namuhla kuthandwa kakhulu - kungcono El Greco. imidwebo yakhe zanda phakathi imisebenzi abaculi abadumile. Ubuciko ngu El Greco bayahlonishwa kwabaningi ababephila ngesikhathi sakhe, futhi ngemva kokufa womculo uvele abalandeli abaningi abaye bamukela inqubo umdwebi abanamakhono.

EKrethe, noma ukudalwa imidwebo yenkolo

El Greco wazalwa eKrethe. Le piece ayengowesifazane ocebile Mediterranean Venice "ezingxenyeni ezikude zombuso." Ngokuvamile ababusi balesi amandla kwaba ukwesaba futhi ukugqilaza abantu bakule ndawo. Babefuna LamaGreki Lobu-Orthodox. WaseByzantium isithonjana abadwebi saseKrethe avunyelwe ukusungula izithombe zenkolo bendabuko isitayela WaseByzantium.

Ngesikhathi eneminyaka engamashumi amabili nanhlanu ka-El Greco waqala ukusungulwa izithombe altare. abadwebi engumKrethe waboleka isitayela amakhosi Italy. Ngakho kwaba khona okuxubile isitayela yamaGreki Venetian, njengoba kuboniswe umsebenzi wokuqala u-El Greco. Lolu phawu lilimele esontweni esiqhingini Syros. Lowo mdwebo kokufa Virgin Mary. Kodwa Crete lalilincane, futhi izifiso of umculi zazinkulu. imidwebo El Greco sika okuyinto, ngokombono wakhe, ngeke bakwazi zithandwe ezweni lakubo, wanquma ukuba baphume baphele esiqhingini.

Inkathi zokuphila futhi lokusungula e-Venice

Wathuthela Venice e 1567 futhi kwaqalisa ukuthuthukiswa izakhi Renaissance imidwebo. Phakathi imisebenzi yakhe ehamba phambili yale nkathi - "Kristu ukuphilisa izimpumputhe." Le timu yayidumile ikakhulukazi phakathi neNkathi Yokumelana Nenguquko, ngoba ephulukisa ubumpumputhe iwuphawu ukholo lwezindaba isambulo seqiniso. ISonto LamaKatolika wazama ukuba bathole amandla kabusha yayo yangaphambili, udala ukunyakaza ngokuthi eNkathini Yezinguquko. Futhi u-El Greco, njengoba indoda zenkolo, isibe omunye abaculi ezinethonya kunazo plan.

Njengoba wahlala Venice iminyaka emithathu master, waya eningizimu - maphakathi iSonto namasiko classical (Rome), lapho ayesebenza kusukela 1570 kuya eminyakeni 1576. Wafika nge incwadi izincomo kusukela miniaturist Croatian Dzhulio Klovio ukuthi kuvikelwe naye egumbini ukuba ziphile futhi zisebenze esigodlweni Cardinal Alessandro Farnese, owayenguyise abavikela ezicebile nezinethonya kakhulu kuzo zonke eRoma.

umsebenzi Akuphumelelanga eRoma, noma ukugxekwa Michelangelo

Yiqiniso, leli dolobha liye wenza bayilibale El Greco. Le midwebo, okuyinto Wabhala ngalesi sikhathi - nemidwebo oda, imidwebo encane Devotional kanye eziqoshiwe wadala for the amakhasimende eziphezulu. Wamamatheka inhlanhla ngisho ukuphatha ukuze uthole imadlana. Kodwa esinye sezizathu esenza El Greco kungazange kufinyelele ukuthandwa eRoma futhi wathola abashisekeli ezibalulekile - kuba ukugxekwa kwakhe Michelangelo, owayeyilungu nendoda ehlonishwa kakhulu kuleli dolobha.

Ngo-1576, u-El Greco futhi uqala on uhambo. Wanquma ukuthuthela Spain, futhi ukuba enkonzweni iNkosi uPhilip II. ISonto futhi esigodlweni umxhasi ezweni ubuciko. Idolobha lapho esezinzile El Greco - eToledo. Wahlala khona kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe.

Umuzi, egcwele isiphephelo lokugcina umculi

Lapho umdwebi Wafika eSpain, wayengumuntu amathathu nesithupha. Toledo yayiyikomkhulu lamasiko yezwe, futhi ngokushesha u-El Greco wazizwa esekhaya. Kwakuthinta ngalesi sikhathi muzi wakhiwa ngokuphelele. ezitaladini wandisa, izakhiwo ezintsha ezakhiwa, ebaluleke kunazo zonke okwakukhona Cathedral. Futhi oda lokuqala mculi wathola lapha. Kuyinto ngendwangu amaqhawe "ukususa izingubo kanye naKhristu. ' Lona wobuciko lokuqala El Greco.

Izithombe zika ekugcineni yakhe iyaduma. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umculi uthola isitayela sakhe. Izithombe lelandzisako nje kuphela kodwa futhi ashukumisayo. El Greco esethatha ngemibala egqamile. Yena waba nenhlanhla, futhi wayenedumela ikhasimende yokuqala enkulu, bese umsebenzi wakhe yabakhanga inkosi.

Kulwele eyabhalwa Philip oda

Yini Philip wabhalela El Greco sika imidwebo? Incazelo izindlela okwengeziwe zokudala ukumemezela ukuthi umculi eyalwa ukwakha isithombe se-altare ngokuthi "The Martyrdom of St. uMaurice." Ezansi isithombe ungabona iningi Mauritius, bayafihleka okwesibhakabhaka futhi baxoxa amasosha ithuba empini. Kodwa-ke kulindeleke nesimo esihlukile.

Ohlangothini kwesokunxele umbukeli ngendwangu futhi ubona umlingisi losemcoka ubuka ukuthi kwenzekani, khona-ke kuyafana, kodwa nqunu, izimisele lapho ethandaza, futhi ekugcineni anqunywe ikhanda. Ngokushesha lubonakale uqine kangakanani kwaba ithonya lomuntu amakhosi Venetian El Greco. Kodwa uPhilip II akazange athathe lesi sithombe umqondo isithombe ze-altare, kodwa yayihlanganisa ke eqoqweni yakhe yangasese.

Ukudala El Greco, noma imidwebo ukuze Izindlwana encane

Lapho ngineminyaka engu-iminyaka engamashumi amane nambili, umculi kwaba izinikele ngokubhala web amasonto amancane Izindlwana. Kodwa kuthiwani lonke imidwebo ngu-El Greco, anamagama ozijwayele abaningi abathandi art? Kuyinto kule nkathi, futhi sidalwe ngemisebenzi edume kunazo umdwebi - "The Burial of Bala Orgaz". Kwakuyisikhathi umnumzana ngubani okwakudliwa ekhulwini weshumi nane. Phakathi emngcwabeni wakhe, isimangaliso kwenzeka: St kukaStefanu no-Augustine owehla evela esibhakabhakeni kanye akafanga ebhokisini lokungcwaba. Futhi sishilo nje wobuciko okubonisa indaba.

Thina zihlolwa kafushane umlando we abanamakhono El Greco. imidwebo zakhe zihlale wokuvelela kakhulu okuqukethwe. Shono umsebenzi wakhe, balithola ku yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye, wathonya abaculi bangaleso sikhathi. Futhi namhlanje lo muntu kubhekwa omunye abadwebi emikhulu kakhulu ngezinga lomhlaba wonke.