Ejenti zokucisha: ngezigaba, izici isicelo

Ukuxhashazwa zamanje ukuvikelwa umlilo izinhlelo kuhilela ukusetshenziswa anhlobonhlobo izinto, lapho lwenteke ukucima umlilo. Ngokuvamile, i-ejenti esemqoka yalolu hlobo ubhekwa amanzi. Ngempela, okuqukethwe ethandwa kakhulu nemililo izinhlelo, kodwa hhayi kuzo zonke izimo, le ndlela iphumelela. Ngakho-ke, ezinye izinhlobo ejenti zokucisha yethulwe zingene umlilo amasevisi zokusebenza arsenal, okuyiwona izakhiwo eyenziwa futhi isevisi hardware. Ngakho kukhona ngaphezulu yezingxenye powder, uketshezi ukwakhiwa kanye aerosols, igesi kanye nezinye okuhlukile izinto ngempumelelo ukulwa amalangabi.

Ukwahlukanisa zokucisha ejenti

Isimiso eziyisisekelo ukwehlukana zokucisha ejenti okusekelwe uhlobo umthelela emlilweni. Indlela ejwayeleke kakhulu lwaluyophola ukuchayeka kwesizathu zone amandla omlilo. Ngo inqubo ekucimeni infeed asebenzayo ngokuya izinto sekubekwe. Kulokhu, abasebenzi service umlilo kumele kungenzeka uhlanganise imiklamo izakhi futhi ukuqaqa izinto evutha ngeke kuphole kahle ebusweni isikhumba. Esinye isimiso kusekelwe lo dilution yezingxenye ukusabela. Kulokhu, ejenti zokucisha kukhona oluyingozi noma ukubola incombustible impahla enamathela esiza ukumisa umlilo. izinto nangokuvikela luvamile, okuyinto isinyathelo umsebenzi ezonini omlilo ngokwakha ezikhethekile izithiyo Jumpers futhi t. d.

Kunenye Ukwahlukaniswa izinto umlilo-zokucisha, ogxile isimo ngokomzimba we ketshezi. Ikakhulukazi, secrete ketshezi, gaseous, khulula-fudlana okuqinile, kanye Indwangu excipients umlilo amayunithi. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi fillers basonta amaqembu ehlukene ngokwendlela lokhu ngezigaba asisho abophe ukuze oshiwo ngenhla ngokwahlukana uhlelo. Okungukuthi, abangabantwana Ukwahlukaniswa kwamadamu umlilo zokucisha izinto lixhomeke ethonyeni isimiso phezu indawo umlilo kungavumela ukungena omunye imikhakha izinto ezimbili noma ngaphezulu izakhiwo ezahlukene ngokomzimba futhi amakhemikhali.

Ukupholisa ejenti

Kwakucatshangwa ukuthi amandla omlilo kungenziwa wayeka lapho ngesivinini yokuqiniseka ukususwa ngabodwa ezishisayo. Ukuze kufezekiswe isimiso esinjalo ingatholakala ukusetshenziswa refrigerant esiyinyama esilawulwa lwaluyophola ukushisa nokususwa inqubo, ukunciphisa Umsebenzi umthombo amandla omlilo. Ummeleli zakudala leqembu impahla ukupholisa amanzi - zokucisha ejenti elinendawo okusezingeni eliphezulu ukushisa umthamo, ukutholakala, futhi inertness zamakhemikhali.

Njengazo zonke izinto jikelele babe yokuntula uketshezi inikezwe. Okokuqala amanzi has high conductivity kagesi, zona ngokwazo unemingcele sina ngokusetshenziswa kwayo. Lesi simo yashubisa lapho uketshezi ixubene nezinye izithasiselo ukwandisa ikhono ukubophela zamanje. Kodwa lokho akuyona yonke nobubi obuthile. Amanzi Ubuye ikhono wavuma liphinyiselwe ukunamathela izinto kuqhathaniswa esivuthayo, ngenxa okuyilokho, eqinisweni, busuka futhi izithasiselo ekhethekile. Umphumela etholwe unezinye ejenti zokucisha emelela Izingxube ehlukahlukene izixazululo - ngokuvamile esekelwe usawoti.

sequestering ejenti

Indaba ezivame kakhulu kuleli qembu - Foam. Ukuzihlukanisa umthelela kunomthelela ukucindezelwa ngempumelelo yomlilo ukulahlekelwa okuncane kanye ingozi ngokulandela nokuphepha anobuthi. Foam isakhiwo yakha uhlelo colloidal we Bubbles okusamanzi okungaphathwa abe ukugcwaliswa igesi. Ngokuvamile, lezi izinto abe nomthelela double - nangokuvikela kanye nokupholisa. Kulokhu, akubona bonke Foam zokucisha ejenti ingasetshenziswa ukucima umlilo. Ngokwesibonelo, ekhaya buhlanjululwe insipho isixazululo ngeke kube umphumela ngoba isakhiwo emulsion emlilweni uzobe kweso. izixazululo Yingakho ekhethekile asetshenziselwa kokuba isakhiwo kuqhathaniswa eqinile Bubbles uyakwazi withstanding imiphumela ezishisayo kanye lokukhanda. Ukuze aqinise stabilizers Foam izinto ezikhethekile kunezelwa izingoma isixazululo. Futhi oluhambisana ejenti yesivini nokusebenzisa umoya emulsions.

Emkhakheni nangokuvikela izinto idingekile ukuze futhi izimpushana eklanyelwe ucime imililo. Nakuba lezi zinto kukhona jikelele kanye nethonya multifactorial inhibitory phezu komlilo, namanje iza kuqhame ikhono ukuhlukanisa imithombo ukuthungela. In izicelo ezinjalo, isibonelo, ukusebenzisa zokucisha powder esekelwe alikhali carbonate nensimbi, Bicarbonate, ammonium nosawoti nezinye izingxube zamakhemikhali. Njengoba zisetshenziswa izinto ezifana ngenjongo wokukucima zikagesi.

izidakamizwa dilution

Lona iqembu elikhulu izinto, okuyinto ngokuyinhloko igxile ukusetshenziswa izimo ezikhethekile umlilo zokucisha. Ukumisa umlilo ngendlela usebenzisa izinto okwazi evala oluvuthayo noma buhlanjululwe amagesi noncombustible esimweni okuhlushwa, noma ukunciphisa okuqukethwe oxygen emoyeni kuze kufike ezingeni lokuba omlilo ayisaxhunyanisiwe kugcinwe. Lokhu kungasebenza izindlela ezahlukene zokwakha - isb, endaweni jikelele umlilo, emoyeni omlilo noma ngenjongo lokuphikisa.

Ngokusho umkhuba izindlela ethandwa kakhulu lokhu uhlobo carbon dioxide, esinikela ekunqanyulweni ephumelela kunazo wokushisa ngomlilo. ejenti zokucisha ngesimo nitrogen ne umhwamuko kubuye kusize ekunikeleni kuye isicelo. Ngokwesibonelo, umusi isetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko lapho zokucisha umlilo amakamelo avaliwe futhi izikhala ezihambisanayo. Phakathi into ukucutshungulwa umusi igcwalisa lonke igumbi, ekukhipheni, exosha emoyeni therefrom mass. Ngakho isithako esebenzayo kuvimbela esivuthayo, ngaphandle nomthelela omubi abantu egumbini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngezinye izikhathi kabili waqinisekisa umusi ilangabi eqeda umphumela. Okokuqala, lapho esebenza khona uqobo iphazamise emoyeni esikhundleni. Okwesibili, amaconsi kwakhiwa kusukela ihwamuke umusi nokuba- mba ukushisa emthonjeni umlilo.

izinto amakhemikhali asebenzayo

Lesi sigaba izidakamizwa nomthelela inhibitory ku inqubo amandla omlilo. eqeda isimiso kusekelwe ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali kusho umlilo zone. Lapho ukuxhumana ejenti ekucimeni target baxhumana izikhungo asebenzayo ukuthi bayavuma oxidizing, lapho ukuhlala compounds nonflammable noma ongaphakeme kokumisa omlilo ukuphendula.

Ukuhlinzeka mphumela uyakwazi hydrocarbon halogenated. Le into zokucisha nge ezivimbela ukusebenza okuyinto zivimbela umsebenzi amandla omlilo. Kodwa kubalulekile sikhumbule ukuthi lezi zinto yizona imiphumela anobuthi yingozi. Kepha zokucisha kahle, kungase kube neqembu ngezinto zokwakha zezinga eliphezulu ukucima umlilo. Kodwa, futhi, reactivity engathandeki kakhulu kukhawulela ukusetshenziswa izinto ezinjalo. Ekhuluma compounds ethize, zezakhi inhibitory kungenziwa emelelwa Freon nezinye izingxube zamakhemikhali esekelwe nemikhiqizo Halogen ka ethane ne-methane. Ochwepheshe bakubiza ngokuthi enjalo izinto freons, imisebenzi ukuqokwa ethize okubonisa Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali. Imibandela isicelo futhi izinto ezivunyelwe kuchazwa ngokuvumelana wokugubha.

imishini umlilo-elwa yeselula ne-fixed

Ngu uqobo, ukuphumelela izinto kwakuthiwa bangasiza ekulweni umlilo incane, uma ayilungiswanga okuphakelayo kwesistimu. Ngenxa yale njongo, ukufakwa zeselula umile ethwele lokuphatha noma sishaye we ketshezi esebenzayo. Ukuze izindawo mobile zihlanganisa umlilo amaloli, nesebenzela isivikelo. Nokho, kuyinto izimoto ezijwayelekile nabasebenzi hhayi kuphela. Ngo esigabeni esifanayo kungafaka izitimela, izindiza nemikhumbi ezisebenza nokuqedwa umlilo, ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele. Libuye uhlelo ezivamile futhi fixed umlilo zokucisha, okuyinto zenzelwe ukukhulula ejenti wokukucima. Ngokwesibonelo, ngokuvamile sisetshenziswa izinhlelo ezifana usebenze esendlini futhi diluting ngezinto asebenzayo.

Imisebenzi esemqoka ukuthi enze ukufaka fixed, kungase kuqashelwe ekuqedeni noma njengoba esasibekelwe, umlilo kwasendaweni. Ngakho kukhona imiklamo eziningi ezahlukeneyo isakhi izakhiwo ezinjalo. Ikakhulukazi, umahluko senziwa phakathi Modular futhi uquqaba uhlelo. Futhi ku isizinda zokuvikela ezishintshayo jikelele lihamba kude inhlukano ukulawula kanye umlilo ukucindezelwa izinhlelo, kwahambisana ngu electronics zanamuhla futhi yakamuva elawulwa kude izinhlelo.

Ukusetshenziswa ngabaqaphi zokucisha izinto ezitshalweni

Fire uqaphe imali supply izinto umlilo zokucisha ngokuvamile yakhelwe at the stage of ukwakhiwa sikhungo, okuyinto oyokwenziwa ukufakwa yabo. Iqiniso lokuthi izinhlelo zinjalo olindele kunazo ukuxhumana izidingo, ngakho ukubala yokuqala indawo ukufakwa Okubaluleke ngokukhethekile. Ngokuvamile, yesifunda ezifana ezisetshenziswa amasayithi zezimboni, nakho ezibekwe kanye Isitsha umlilo zokucisha izinto uhlobo oluthile. Kungaba, isibonelo, amanzi amathangi noma amasilinda amagwebu noma igesi ligcwaliswe. Ezinye ukushintshwa, ngasendleleni, it is hhayi yakhelwe ukuqedwa ngokuphelele elangabi. Izinjongo zabo eziyinhloko ukuvikela imishini yokukhiqiza noma ukuxhumana - isibonelo, amanzi spray.

Ukufaka lolu hlobo buyehluka kuye kudivayisi inqubo. Hhayi njalo umlilo ngabaqaphi imiklamo abe isikhundla umile. Kungaba mobile umlilo imiphongolo ne kwalokho ngesimo isofthiwe noma elawulwa kude. Yiqiniso, ukufaka ezivamile futhi fixed, umlilo zokucisha ejenti okuhlale Kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa jikelele ubunjiniyela nokuxhumana amanethiwekhi. Lokhu uxhumano ikuvumela ukuba hhayi ukuchitha isikhathi on the inhlangano ingqalasizinda ukusebenza futhi ngokushesha saqala nomlilo inqubo zokucisha.

Okuzenzakalelayo izinhlelo umlilo-elwa

Modern othomathikhi zokuvimbela umlilo izinhlelo uvumele, kungakhathaliseki Ukungenela komuntu, ukulawula izici ezifakazela ukuthi izingozi umlilo, futhi ngesikhathi ukuqala inqubo zokucisha. Ngokuvamile, ku kokweqa izindinganiso esivela uhlelo iqala ukusuthisa ketshezi asebenzayo futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo i-alamu kwabangela. Kulokhu, zikhona izindlela ezahlukene ukuze Izilawuli izinhlelo ezinjalo. Ngokwesibonelo, Sprinkler amamodeli kuyazenzakela, kodwa kunezinye izinhlelo enikeza control manual. Ngakho, lapho i-ejenti wokukucima ukufaka igesi umlilo zingaba e imodi othomathikhi, futhi umyalo we-opharetha ngokusebenzisa control panel. Kodwa lokhu control luncike uhlobo isitshalo ngokwalo - Modular kuthambekele ekufezeni ukuzimela esikhulu, ngenkathi eyodwa uvumele ububanzi esiphezulu ekuphathweni izindlela.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula izici zokuphepha abanakwethenjwa ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuba kubhekelwe ekuqhubeni izinhlelo ezenzakalelayo. Izinsiza kusebenza izitshalo ezifana ulungisiswa kuphela ezimweni lapho ukuqedwa imililo ithuluzi eyinhloko engenakwenzeka. Futhi, kwezinye izindawo zokukhiqiza ukukhonza abasebenzi nokuvikeleka akuyona ubusuku nemini. Ngokusobala, ezimweni ezinjalo, ngeke akwenze ngaphandle izindlela ngokuzenzekelayo ukucima umlilo. Enye into ukuthi ukuze sinciphise izingozi kumele liqale ukwenza ukukhetha okufanele ka zokucisha ejenti, okuphakelayo othomathikhi isezingeni ukubandakanya umonakalo kuhlelwe futhi pre-ibalwa kakhulu kuphela.

Ukwahlukaniswa kwamadamu umlilo zokucisha ejenti amayunithi

Ukuze uhlobo umlilo ukucindezelwa uhlelo ngamunye isebenzisa uhlobo oluthile lomcebo asebenzayo. Ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto eziphinde zisebenziseke amaningi kwelinye eziyinkimbinkimbi kuyaqabukela wayekwenza. Uhlelo obujwayelekile design umlilo wokukucima. esivelele kakhulu uzamcolo izinhlelo, ezisetshenziswa ukuvikela izindawo nge okusezingeni eliphezulu umlilo ingozi. Ukuphumelela zinsizakuphila ngenxa yokuthi bakwazi okunisela ngesikhathi esisodwa sonke isifunda kwendawo evikelwe. Esikhathini sawo sokuphila Ukwakheka uzamcolo umlilo ukucindezelwa izinhlelo zihlanganisa amaphampu, ukulawula panel, amapayipi, amathangi amanzi, nokunye okunjalo kudivayisi akwazisa. D.

Eyesibili impahla adumile isetshenziswa uzamcolo izakhiwo kuyinto Foam. izinhlelo ezinjalo zisetshenziselwa ukuvikela izindawo sendawo izakhiwo zezimboni, ukuvimbela ukuthungela transformers futhi apharathasi kagesi. Izimo zethu zihluke kakhulu kabanzi futhi ukufakwa Sprinkler Foam umlilo zokucisha impahla. By the way, zalamaqembu.I Ziningi izici ezifanayo kanye amanzi ukufaka ngoba izindlela obuphawulekayo nokushintsha kokudla nokufakwa. Lawa main wokukucima ejenti elisetshenziswa izindlela umile neselula emzabalazweni ngomlilo, kodwa kukhona futhi igesi ezikhethekile izinhlelo, powder kanye aerosol. Ngokuvamile, imishini umlilo Ukuvikelwa fillers enjalo esetshenziswa ezimweni ezikhethekile - isibonelo, ezindaweni lapho bayanda izimfuneko nokugcinwa zikagesi.

isiphetho

Nge zonke ezihlukahlukene izimpahla ezisetshenziselwa yesimanje umlilo ukucindezelwa izinhlelo, ochwepheshe namanje akakwazi ngokuthi jikelele, futhi indlela ephumelela kakhulu ukulwa ngomlilo. Kukhona impela kube izingxenye ecacile izinto abasemakilasini ngokuvumelana nezimfanelo zabo lobuchwepheshe nokusebenza. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, idlala i ababalulekile umthelela zokucisha agents indoda, futhi izinto ezonini ukuthungela. Ngokwesibonelo, umlilo ukucindezelwa izinhlelo nge fillers chemical zingase kwendlela umlilo ukucindezelwa. Njengoba umkhuba ubonisa ukusetshenziswa, zidinge nje eliningi ubuncane zokucisha impahla yalolu hlobo ukubhekana phakathi imililo esikoleni.

Kodwa inkinga ngemiphumela lokho kusho ukusetshenziswa enobungozi ikhemikhali. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, onjiniyela ukufunda izindlela nemililo entsha, kuhlanganise ukwakhiwa. Ngokuphumelelayo ezisebenza ejenti ukuze zokucisha umlilo wayengabembulela amakghonwabo kuphela isenzakalo esisodwa iye ihlelwe kahle uhlelo ulwe ukuvuvukala foci. Kulokhu kuyafaneleka ukubaluleka kanye eziyisisekelo izindawo letiphakela impahla wokukucima nezindlela ukulawula - ngokuzenzekelayo noma mathupha.