Efulethini ngamabhomu Russian (1999)

Russian efulethini ngebhomu 1999 kukhona uchungechunge UKUHLASELA kwamaphekula Kwakuseshwa e Moscow, Buynaksk futhi Volgodonsk. Ngenxa yalokho, abantu 307 wafa phezu 1,700 balimale kabi baye bahlushwa ngandlela-thile.

Ngokusho version esemthethweni, kanye nemisho zemizimba wamajaji Russian Federation, inhlangano kanye uxhaso kulokhu kuhlasela kungumphumela kumiswa emthethweni abaholi okuthiwa Islamic Institute "eCaucasus". Ngokusho kungase kutholakale abaphenyi, Russian efulethini ngamabhomu bayalwa ngu Abu Umar futhi Amir al-Khattab, kuyilapho nabadlali abangu iqembu North Caucasian amasosha. Bafeza ukuhlaselwa ekuqaleni ayehloselwe sifinyelele ukufa sabantu ukusabisa labantu kanye ukuphazamiseka jikelele kohlelo olukhona nokuvikeleka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlasela kwenziwe ukuze sinomthelela ekuthathweni iziphathimandla ezihlobene ekuvalweni ngemiphumela kuhlaselwa Dagestan amasosha, ezenzeka emkhathini ngonyaka ofanayo.

Kwaphela iminyaka eminingana ngemva izenzakalo iningi eyinhloko abadlali kanye abagqugquzeli kuye babulele noma aboshwa ngamabutho amasevisi ekhethekile amabutho Georgian futhi Russian. Ngeshwa, eminye yale abagqugquzeli kanye awuzange ajeziswe.

Explosion e Bunaykske

Russian efulethini ngamabhomu kwaqala ngo Buynaksk idolobha lapho 4 Septhemba 1999 yasha ngumuntu emihlanu-storey esakhiweni yokuhlala at ul. Levanevskogo (Shihsaidov) №3. Explosion yadalwa usebenzisa imodeli GAS-iloli 52, lolo ngesikhathi sokuhlwanyelwa kwaba ngaphezu 2700 kg iziqhumane wenza kusukela ammonium nitrate kanye ne-aluminium powder. Kuyaphawuleka yokuthi izisulu kuhlasela abakhethiwe ngezikhathi. Russian efulethini ngamabhomu waqala nemikhaya lempi amakhaya.

Imiphumela kokuhlasela kwamaphekula kwacekela phansi izindlu ezimbili yokuhlala, nokuholele ekutheni abantu 64 bashonile kwathi 146 balimala. Kuhlelwe nokuba ukuqhuma iloli Zil-130 imodeli wesibili, kodwa ngenhlanhla, kwakungase iwukudambisa induna ubunjiniyela Ibutho ekhethekile waze waba eduze esibhedlela ngemva nje kwamahora angaba mabili emva ukuqhuma kwenzeka okokuqala. Ngemva kwalokho iloli neutered atholakele imibhalo egameni Isaya Zaynutdinova.

Explosion eMoscow (ku Guryanov)

Russian efulethini ngebhomu 1999 ukuqhubeka ekuhlaseleni 9 storey esakhiweni yokuhlala esisogwini Guryanov Street (eMoscow), okwenzeka ngo-September 8.. iminyango emibili ngenxa yalokhu kuhlasela yabo eyayicekeleke phansi ngokuphelele. Kuyaphawuleka yokuthi kuqhuma abasafufusa futhi kwaholela ekutheni izikhulu zibonise ukusonteka ezibucayi engumakhelwane endlini imiklamo.

Ngokusho idatha esemthethweni, Russian efulethini ngebhomu 1999 ku Guryanov Street kwaholela ekumisweni ngokushona kwabantu abangu-100, kuyilapho kubantu obakhathalelayo 690 balimala obuhlukahlukene lamadigri zaba namandla kakhulu. Ibhomu Okwatholakala kusikisela ukuthi umthamo silinganisiwe 350 kg kuqhume (ukubaluleka kukhonjisiwe TNT), futhi ngesikhathi luhlolo kokuqala kwenziwe kuyo leyo ndawo, izinhlayiya atholakele RDX futhi TNT. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva kwenziwa isinqumo ukubhubhisa ngokuphelele indlu professional amabutho Ibhomu, kuyilapho abantu basemadolobheni efulethini zihanjiswe kwezinye izakhiwo.

Isimemo sokuqala

Ngemva nje kancane kwalokho, ucingo senziwa ukuba ibhodi isihloko-ejensi "Interfax", okuyinto obekumele ukudalula ulwazi mayelana yiziphi ngamabhomu efulethini ngoSepthemba eRussia. Indoda le yakhuluma nge kakhulu liphinyiselwe nokugqamisa Caucasian futhi wazethula kuphela njengoba ilungu "Confederation of yokukhululwa Dagestan". Wathi ngamabhomu efulethini eRussia (e Moscow ngokukhethekile) ungumhleli abashise lokuthi WaseRussia iye ekufezeni imisebenzi yezempi ezenzeka ensimini ka Dagestan. Ngosuku olufanayo kuzo zonke iziteshi izindaba kwaboniswa esiyela Mukhit Laypanova ngubani laqasha ikamelo esitezi sokuqala lesi sakhiwo lapho ukuqhuma kwenzeka. Septhemba 13 lalimisa aphethwe usuku ulilela abantu abafileyo ukuqhuma ezimbili.

umsebenzi okuphenya

Uma kwenzeka lokhu kuhlasela ku Guryanov Street, isifunda kulo waseMoscow laqala ngenkuthalo ukuhlola zonke nonresidential. ukunakekela okukhethekile inikezwe umsebenzi Dmitriya Kuzovogo, abanquma ngokuphelele hlola indlu ku Kashirskoye, №3. Kulesi sakhiwo kwaku-esitolo sefenisha, umnikazi we-trade-indoda okuthiwa Muhit Laypanov, wathi kukhona izokwenziwa izimpahla ushukela. Ngo phakathi kweminyango esitolo ukuhlolwa angizange ukuthola inani elikhulu izikhwama ezigcwele ushukela, kodwa akazange ngisho bazi ukuthi ikhava esinjalo amaphekula asebenzisa ukuze afihle iziqhumane. Kwakuthinta kuphela kamuva, ngo-September 12, isifunda waphinda afika endlini re-luhlolo, kodwa wathola kuphela esitolo komnyango ovaliwe, ukwambula ukuthi yayingakwazi. Ngo-September 13, kwezwakala kuqhuma ibhomu kakhulu ngemva.

Explosion Kashirskoye

Lapho Russian efulethini ngamabhomu yenzeke Kashira onguthelawayeka, endlini lapho kwakukhona esitolo sefenisha, yacekeleka phansi ngokuphelele, futhi cishe bonke abantu abahlala kulo muzi ababekuwo ngesikhathi (124 abantu) sebafile. abantu 7 kuphela balimala obuhlukahlukene lamadigri zaba namandla kakhulu. amandla ukuqhuma ngalesi sikhathi kwaba kg 300 (ukubaluleka kukhonjisiwe TNT).

Boris Yeltsin, ngubani ngaleso umongameli nesikhathi Russia, ngokushesha wabizelwa Imeya eMoscow Yuri Luzhkov futhi wamyala ukuba afeze scan egcwele izindlu kulo lonke idolobha emini. Ngemva kokuziphatha yesibili ukuqhuma intelligence amasevisi athathwa izinyathelo ngokuphelele engakaze ibonwe ezokuphepha hhayi kuphela e-dolobha kodwa futhi neminye imizi eRussia kanye namazwe we eduze phesheya. Ikakhulu, kwenziwa ukuhlola egcwele zewayini ehlukahlukene attics, futhi izakhamuzi eziningi efulethini izindlu izinyanga ezimbalwa wahlanganyela round nokuguqulwa iwashi izulazula omakhelwane babo.

Imiphumela yokuqala yophenyo

Ngo-September 13, umnikazi wenkampani ingcebo, wabona esiyela Laypanova wafunda iklayenti abanquma ukuwasusa yokubeka. Lesi sakhiwo kwaqashwa nganoma Borisov Prudy, 14, lapho aqashiwe engaphansi, ukuze lo somabhizinisi wazama ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukwazisa FSB. Ngemva kwalokho, ukuhlola ophuthuma kunayo isakhiwo ziye eyenziwa abomthetho. Ngenxa akwazi ukuthola izikhwama 50 egcwele iziqhumane, isisindo ingqikithi 2.5 amathani. 6 phezu izikhwama timer ehlelwe eyayibekwe. Ngemva kwalokho, kwatholakala ukuthi eqinisweni Mukhit Laipanov washona ngo-February 1999, ngesikhathi ngenkuthalo esetshenziswa imibhalo Achemez Gochijaev.

ngokushesha Shamil Basayev sinqatshiwe nalokho anakho yimiphi isakramente ukuba izenzo okuqhubekayo amaphekula, kuyilapho omunye umholi we mujahideen okuthiwa Khattab ukuthi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ulwa hhayi kuphela ngokumelene ibutho isiRashiya, kodwa futhi ngokuyinhloko kuwo bonke abantu yezwe. Futhi uzinake Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi umholi wenhlangano olukhulu Islamist "Abasekeli Sharia" ngegama Abu Hamza al-Masri, 14 Septhemba wanquma ukuthumela ehhovisi Abahleli baleli phephandaba "Al-Hayat" isitatimende esemthethweni ukuthi sisekela ngokuzeleko Russian efulethini ngamabhomu. Yenzeka Septhemba 13, 1999 no September 4 izenzo ezinkulu zobuphekula okuyinto, wathi, kukhona "indawo Islamic Russian ngoba amasosha abo udubule lezakhamuzi abahlala ensimini ka Dagestan futhi Chechnya. Russian wahlanganyela enjalo Inqubomgomo lobugebengu eminyakeni, kuyilapho bonke abanye emhlabeni kumane abakuboni zonke ukululazeka amaSulumane. " Lawa amazwi Abu Hamza al-Masri.

Ukuqhuma e Volgodonsk

Mayelana ayisishiyagalolunye-elitholakala Oktyabrskoe Highway 35, September 16, ukuqhuma kwenzeka Gaz-53 iloli. Ngemva kuhlasela bonke ngokunembile wakhumbula ukuthi sekungamashumi amaningi eminyaka unyaka kwakukhona Ukuqhuma efulethini izindlu eRussia, nakuba kwaba ayisekho ngakho emikhulu ukuhlasela kwamaphekula, efana naleyo eyabhalwa odlule. Kamuva ukuhlaziya okuvimba abantu 18 wathola ababefile, futhi umuntu oyedwa ngaphezulu washonela esibhedlela. abantu abangu-89 bangeniswe esibhedlela ngemuva kokulimala of kobukhulu obuhlukahlukene.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi umnikazi weloli kwaba Abbaskuli Iskander oglu Iskenderov, ababecindezela imoto endaweni lapho ukuqhuma. Ngokusho kwakhe, lo kwabaMhlophe ezintathu uthenge imoto yakhe, ukulayishwa ke kusolwa amazambane futhi ngamcela ukuba angifundele ukushayela kule ndawo, futhi kuphela isimangaliso wasinda, yahamba ekhaya ukuze uthole efudumele, futhi musa ukuhlala emsebenzini khona ebusuku.

uphenyo okutholakele

Ngokuhambisana imiphumela yophenyo kwatholakala ukuthi, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ngamabhomu efulethini eRussia senzeka ngo-1999 ngesicelo abaholi iqembu obungekho emthethweni ahlomile ngokuthi Islamic Institute "eCaucasus". Kwakumelwe Aruba futhi Emir Umar al-Khattab. Lasekuqaleni injongo ukuhlaselwa - ukuqinisekisa ekulahlekeni okukhulu wokuphila, ukuze kuzuzwe ukuhlukumeza sokuphepha komphakathi, kanye nokwesabisa sabantu.

The main force Ukubuthelela amasosha owahlasela Dagestan, kwakukhona Amasosha ehlukahlukene fighters ezivela kwamanye amazwe, bonke babehlambulukile amalungu "Islamic International Brigade", okuyinto has a uxhumano ngqo "Al-Qaeda." Kuyaphawuleka yokuthi ngamabhomu efulethini ngoSepthemba (1999) e-Russia yayikade ibuswa ngokuqondile ekamu ukuqeqeshwa Khattab, eyayiseSwitzerland Chechnya. Kulokhu, uphenyo yathola ukuthi Khattab kwaba ngekubambisana ne-owaziwa zaphetha amaphekula Osama bin Laden, okwathi ngalé, iqhume isakhiwo emanxuseni US eTanzania naseKenya ngo-1998, futhi wenza Ukuhlasela kwamaphekula i-"i-Twin Towers "okwenzeka ngo 2001 kwi 11 Septhemba.

abaculi

Ukuze afeze konke izenzo zobuphekula, Abu Umar al-Khattab futhi wasebenzisa amasevisi "umphakathi Muslim №3». usihlalo Enye yawo kwakunguyise Achimez Gochijaev owahlela futhi wahola iqembu commando. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kuze 1997 Gochijaev kuthatha ngempela elichumayo e Moscow, kodwa ngo-1997-ke basusa imibono Wahhabism. Ngenxa yalokhu, wabuyela Karachaevsk lwakubo, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi zaqala ukuba baqeqeshwe ngendlela ekamu ezikhethekile Khattab ngokuthi "eCaucasus". Isinqumo ezaholela ukusebenza kufanele ke Gochijaev sivunyiwe ngezizathu ukuthi wayenobuhlobo amakhono amahle kakhulu yokulwa, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo lapho zaziyazi eMoscow.

Ngesikhathi 2011 iningi eyinhloko amaphekula babulawa noma baboshwe. Kuze kube manje, kuphela Achemez Gochijaev alutholakalanga futhi esikhathini sikahulumeni ngamazwe uhlu lwabantu abafunwa.

Special Kovalev Commission

Ekuthatheni isinyathelo, okuyinto usekelwa Boris Berezovsky (ngaleso sikhathi ilungu party "Liberal Russia"), lamiswa ikomiti ezikhethekile, Injongo ogama main kwaba uphenyo enemininingwane ku kwamaphekula okwenzeka ngo Volgodonsk futhi eMoscow ngo-1999. UMbuso Duma iPhini Sergei Kovalev wakhethwa njengosuku ikhanda salo msebenzi.

Ngokuhamba omunye amaseshini ikhomishana FSB Public Relations Centre senziwa isitatimende mayelana lokuthi isevisi zokuphepha ngeke bahlanganyele ukukhushulwa izinhlamvu ezingabazisayo sizihlanganise nabo iyiphi impikiswano.

Ngo-2003, isishoshovu samalungelo abantu Lev Levinson, owayeneminyaka unobhala walo myalo Kovalev ukuthi eqinisweni inguqulo ukubandakanywa FSB yokuthi kwakukhona Ukuqhuma efulethini izindlu e-Russia (1999, isithombe - ngenhla), ingabe ngisho ezingabazisayo ezingaphezu kuka version khona okuthiwa "trace Chechen" ezenzakalweni ezichazwe. Waphawula ukuthi iningi labantu iziphetho slavi Felshtinsky ezisekelwe kuphela ekucabangeleni siqu, okuyinto ngezinye izikhathi ngokukhululekile kakhulu.

Levinson ukuthi iKhomishana ekuqaleni akunanjongo ekuqhubeni ngokushesha uphenyo, njengoba kakade kwaba akukacaci ukuthi ngeke anikezwe ukufinyelela izinto ezidingekayo we icala lobugebengu, futhi behileleke nakwezamabhizinisi uphenyo yangasese wayengekho ngaphansi amandla, futhi lokhu akwenzi mqondo.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kukhona inqwaba iziphakamiso lokungakahlelwa kanjani futhi kabani isinyathelo ukuqhuma Izakhiwo zokuhlala ngo-September 1999 eRussia, kodwa iningi labantu izimo kuba version olusemthethweni wayenezizathu ngaphezulu ukuze kubhekwe evumelekile. It is nabo babehileleke kakhulu lolu daba, uBoris Berezovsky, kodwa zonke izenzo zakhe, ngokwezithelo iningi labantu ochwepheshe, kwaba begxile kakhulu emsebenzini ukucwaswa Putin kanye nobuholi bakhe iyonke.