Ebuntwaneni bayasangana: izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa

Isifo sengqondo njalo kunzima ukuphendula ukwelashwa babethembekile imfihlakalo, ngisho nososayensi. Naphezu kokuthi kwaba nentuthuko enkulu kwezokwelapha, lesi sifo namanje babonwa izifo ezingeke kwehlwaywe inkimbinkimbi. Izimpawu lokugula ngengqondo zingaphinde zivele noma ubudala. Ngokuvamile, basuke kutholakala izingane, intsha nabantu asebengena ebudaleni. Omunye izifo ezivame kakhulu nazo umkhuba zengqondo, kunenkolelo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo.

Ngeshwa, naphezu isifundo eside lesi sifo, namanje defies incazelo. Hhayi ifomu izingane ezingavamile ngayo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Ukuze ulawule isifo, okungenani ingxenye, kubalulekile ukuhlola ke ngesikhathi futhi ziqashwe kwengqondo for a lifetime.

Schizophrenia ezinganeni: a incazelo zokugula

Ebuntwaneni bayasangana kubhekwa nokugula ngengqondo njalo. Ngokwesilinganiso, ithinta mayelana 1% of the seziguli ezisencane. Lokhu eliphezulu legciwane ihlobene yokuthi sitholakele isifo ngaphambi ukuthuthukiswa isithombe emtholampilo akunakwenzeka. Futhi, omunye ngeke ithathe okuvela bayasangana e utero, ikakhulukazi - abangenawo umlando burdened nga ngalindelekile lokhu egunjini lokuhlolwa kwezifo. Esikhathini esithile esidlule, uphethwe senziwe cishe kunoma iyiphi isifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, isimo samanje ingane. Okwamanje, kunezinhlobo nenqubo ecacile agcwele lesi sifo. Ebuntwaneni bayasangana libhekisela pathologies kakhulu engqondweni libhekene Yiqiniso chronic ezithuthukayo. Ukwanda izimpawu zesifo yilezi: .. Ukuziphatha isiyaluyalu nayo ukucabanga, izinguquko ngemuva ngokomzwelo, hallucinatory syndrome, catatonia, okuyize, njll Izimpawu ebuntwaneni bayasangana zingase zihluke. Okokuqala nje incike kundlela zokugula.

Izimbangela bayasangana ezinganeni

omningi ucwaningo iye yenziwa, injongo okwakukhona ukuthola ukuthi kungani kukhona sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. uhlobo Wezingane izifo azihlukile kakhulu kusukela ifomu omdala lesi sifo. Nokho, it has a Izibikezelo abampofu ngenxa ukuthuthuka komqondo. Naphezu imisebenzi ososayensi, kwakungenakwenzeka ukuhlonza Imbangela sifo. Nokho, bengqondo ukhombe ezicini eziningana ukuthi kwandisa ingozi yokungenwa bayasangana ezinganeni. Lezi zihlanganisa:

1. Umlando womkhaya wokusebenzisa kabi lesi sifo. Ezimweni eziningi, ubunjalo iziguli kwakufanele abantu abanesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Ingozi yesifo nesenzakalo inyuka hhayi kuphela khona lesi sifo kubazali babo, kodwa futhi phakathi amanye amalungu omndeni. Lase kwembulwe ukuthi kukhona isakhi ekhethekile obhekene nokuthuthukiswa sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo.
2. nemiphumela emibi umbungu esikhathini Abelana izitho. Ngu izici elimazayo zihlanganisa ukuthaka imithi, izidakamizwa, utshwala, emisebeni ionizing, amakhemikhali. Ikakhulukazi eziyingozi miphumela e senyanga yokuqala sokukhulelwa. Ngempela, kulesi sikhathi kukhona ibhukumaka isimiso sezinzwa.
3. sokukhulelwa Late. Lokukhulelwa ingane eneminyaka engu-iminyaka engu-35 kwandisa ingozi yezifo zengqondo ku-fetus.
4. izifo ezingelapheki kwabesifazane abakhulelwe.
5. Hlala endaweni ezicindezelayo. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukucindezeleka kwemizwa phakathi ingane egqoke asithinti nje kuphela isimo sokukhulelwa, kodwa futhi kubathinta kabi i-fetus.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi imbangela ngqo ayikwazi ukucaciswa, kubalulekile ukuba zithathe amanyathelo okususa zonke izici eziyingozi.

I pathogenesis ebuntwaneni bayasangana

Njengoba sazi ukuthi isici etiological ngokunemba ayifakiwe, lo mshini bayasangana ayaziwa, kakhulu. Kukhona umbono, ngokusho okungase ngokwengxenye ukuchaza pathogenesis lokhu isifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Schizophrenia ebuntwaneni ine izindlela ezilandelayo zentuthuko:

1. Hypoxia amangqamuzana obuchopho ngesikhatsi nokuvuthwa ijwabu sezinzwa. Lokhu kuhlathulula ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo wendawo. Kuyo kwatholakala ukuthi hypoxia kwavele izindawo cortical ka Nenkabazwe kwesokudla ubuchopho, thalamus, ukusebenza izindlela zokuxilonga in iziguli bayasangana amygdala, gyrus yesikhashana futhi prefrontal ndawo.
2. izinguquko bofuzo. Ososayensi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi esikhathini pathogenesis ebuntwaneni bayasangana adlala indima yokwanda koshintsho ekhonjwe ingalo iDemo chromosome 6. Ngaphezu kwalokho kukhona ulwazi nezinye ukwephula isimiso sezakhi zofuzo ezigulini. Nokho, lezi awasekelwe yiwo izifundo ezinkulu.
3. Ukushintsha neurotransmitters umsebenzi. Ngokwezinga elikhulu lokhu kusebenza Dopamine. Kukholakala ukuthi ukudluliswa inkanuko ngaphansi kwethonya yalolu ketshezi in iziguli bayasangana ngesivinini esikhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akhonjwe ezinye izinguquko. Ngokwesibonelo, ukwehla umsebenzi glutamate receptor kubangelwa ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ( "Ketamine" izidakamizwa), ebangela ukuthuthukiswa izimpawu bayasangana kubantu enempilo.

Kukholakala ukuthi pathogenesis lesi sifo kusekelwe inhlanganisela yezici ezimbalwa. Nokho, ukuze usungule nokuxhumana okuqondile phakathi ukulimala izinzwa, ushintsho ongakabi ayengumlamuleli umsebenzi futhi imfundiso zofuzo.

Schizophrenia ezinganeni

Izingane lokusangana, njengomuntu omdala, singenzeka ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Pathology uhlobo kufanele esekelwe ukubonakaliswa emitholampilo ye isifo. Ngokuvamile, lezi zinhlobo zesifo zenzeka izingane:

1. bayasangana asihlelekile nhlobo. Lokhu okuhlukile emitholampilo ubhekwa le ezingezinhle kakhulu. ukubonakaliswa Its main - hebephrenic syndrome. It libhekene injabulo saba abangenangqondo, affectation, negativism futhi engenangqondo kumnandi nokuqubuka. Izingane abaphethwe lolu hlobo bayasangana, hhayi amenable imfundvo nekuceceshwa. Izimpawu zokuqala isifo ukuvela eminyakeni 10-14.
2. bayasangana Simple. Leli fomu kungenzeka ukuthuthukisa ngasiphi yobudala. Kwezinye izimo, izimpawu zokuqala nasemkhakheni iminyaka esikoleni esiphakeme. Lokhu usungula uphethwe: "Isikhathi sasebuntwaneni bayasangana Zawo Zangaphambili". inketho okunjalo zokugula libhekene ukungabi khona izimpawu omuhle (ukuhhema, okuyize). I ukubonakaliswa isici isifo - kuyinto apatiko-abulicheskimi syndrome ne disinhibition ikhaliphe (Hyper, ukudla bese ubuyisa).
3. bayasangana Catatonic. Lesi sifo ubhekwa ebulalayo. Senzeka 1-3% eziguli. Izici esikhethekile kule samuntu zihlanganisa bayasangana: mutism, negativism, disinhibition ikhaliphe bakudala, ukukopisha ukuziphatha (echopraxia). izimpawu Isici yilezi: nesineke ukuma ezingezona ezemvelo, kukhuphuke imisipha ithoni, injabulo catatonic futhi stupor.

Olunye uhlobo lesi sifo singumbulali schizophrenic Paranoid. It libhekene ukuthuthukiswa okuyize persecutory, imibono overvalued, automatism ngemilingo (Kandinsky-Clerambault syndrome). Ngokuvamile lokhu kubonakaliswa isifo zenzeka abadala (iminyaka 25-40). Nokho, ukuthuthukiswa lolu hlobo isifo ezinganeni akunakwenzeka.

Izingane nge bayasangana: izimpawu izimpawu zokugula

ukubonakaliswa Clinical lesi sifo kungavuka esemncane futhi intsha. Kukholakala ukuthi kuze iminyaka 5, zokugula cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthola ukuthi iyini. Nokho, eminyakeni elandelayo ayikwazi ihlonzwe ngokushesha, "Isikhathi sasebuntwaneni bayasangana". Izimpawu zesifo ukuba ziqashwe isikhathi eside. Kwaze kwaba yilapho sebeshiye ukuthi uma zikhona izimpawu eziningana isifo ukuxilongwa: "ukusangana", okubonisa ezakheke ngayo. Izimpawu zesifo zihlanganisa:

1. syndrome Apatiko-abulicheskimi. Lubonakaliswa ukushabalala isithakazelo emisebenzini evamile (esikoleni, ukwenza izinto zokuchitha isizungu, imidlalo), ubuvila, nandaba ngokubona abazali.
2. syndrome hallucinatory. Ngaphezu inyumbazana lesichubekako, ingane ingakha ukukhuluma wedwa, ukuze afeze izenzo ezithile ukuthini lokho khona inkampani (ukudlala nomngane ngengqondo, ukufunga, kumnandi, nokunye. D.).
3. syndrome asihlelekile nhlobo.
4. Catatonia. Kuleli fomu izimpawu isifo eqondene kuyagcinwa ezifana lesizalo ukuma, "emoyeni isiguqo uphawu" - lapho kokukhipha roll ngaphansi entanyeni ekhanda, isikhundla lesiguli aliguquki. Okungukuthi, luhlala endaweni efanayo.

Izimpawu bayasangana ekuseni kungabandakanya: i ingane unmotivated okhalayo, yelping, imizwa yethu ishintshashintsha, ukungafuni ukuxhumana, njll ...

Izici zokugula e intsha esikhulakhulile

Izimpawu ebuntwaneni bayasangana e intsha kuyiwa. Ngaphezu lezi zimpawu, iziguli waphawula disinhibition ka ikhaliphe elula (isifiso yanda, ukukhathazeka ngokobulili) zingavela okuyize pseudohallucinations. Intsha ivame unmanageable, ukwenqabela ukuxhumana nabazali, izenzo ngokungafanele. Iziguli ayisekho ukuya esikoleni, uzwakalise nandaba izenzakalo zamanje, kukhona ukuphazamiseka umcabango.

Ziyini izimpawu autism ebuntwaneni bayasangana?

Ngaphambili, Autism elalibhekwa njengelinye lamazwe ngezici okubonwa ngazo bayasangana ebuntwaneni. Okwamanje, lesi sifo lwabelwe njengoba isifo ehlukile. Autism ibizwa ngokuthi ukuhlukumeza wekhono sengane ukuxhumana nomphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zokugula libhekene Ukuwohloka noma ukungabi ngokomzwelo ingemuva kanye inkulumo ukusabela maqondana indawo. Izingane bayasangana ngokuvamile ehambisana nobutha izimpawu autism. Nokho, akuyona kuphela ukubonakaliswa sifo libhekene kobukhulu ongaphakeme.

Ukuxilongwa bayasangana ezinganeni

Sifo "ukusangana" Akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi, njengoba lesi sifo kungaba ukuhlanganisa ezihlukahlukene izimpawu uphawu okuthile engqondweni. Umhlahlandlela zokugula Yiqiniso inamagquma (ushintsho exacerbations futhi remissions). Sifo kusekelwe emitholampilo ekhethekile ukuhlolwa kwengqondo. Kubalulekile ongaqeda imiphumela elimazayo ku umzimba wengane (ubuthi anobuthi, izidakamizwa).

Indlela esiphatha ngayo ebuntwaneni bayasangana?

Ukwelashwa ebuntwaneni bayasangana kuhloswe okwandisa ubude ukuthethelelwa, ekwelapheni syndromes abalulekile ngokwengqondo. Izidakamizwa asetshenziswa kusukela iqembu neuroleptics (imithi "Eglonil", "thioridazine") futhi nootropics. Zonke iziguli ezine-ukuboniswa kwengqondo, kanye esibhedlela zokuvimbela nokuqaphelisisa izikhathi okungenani 2 ngonyaka. Yini ukuyeka hallucinatory syndrome linqume izidakamizwa "Haloperidol" futhi "Triftazin".

Onalesi sifo ngoba bayasangana ezinganeni

Izibikezelo Evumayo kungaba ifomu okulula sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Izimpawu ziyefana avulekile, encishisiwe ukuvama exacerbations. Nokho, umuntu alulame ngokugcwele kwenzeka akuvamile. Lapho catatonic futhi gebefrenicheskoy akha Izibikezelo abampofu. Izingane abaphethwe lezi ongakhetha zokugula, zidinga ukunakekelwa njalo, basuke ababelwe eqenjini 1 ukukhubazeka.

Ukuthi baziphathe kanjani nengane abaphethwe bayasangana

Ukuxhumana nengane abaphethwe bayasangana, kunzima, ikakhulukazi esikhathini zokugula oyingozi. Naphezu isifiso sokusiza, kuyafaneleka ukukhumbula ukuthi ungakwazi avuse ukuziphatha okungalungile, ubudlova, noma kunalokho - Ukukhipha enkulu nakakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kuyinto efiselekayo ukungagxeki ingane, futhi musa umtshele ukuthi wayegula. Imininingwane nezingane kufanele kube okufanayo njengoba nabantu enempilo, ngakho ungazizwa 'idla yodwa. Ngesikhathi exacerbation kutuswa hospitalize ingane esibhedlela.

Ukuvimbela bayasangana ezinganeni

Ukuvimbela ebuntwaneni bayasangana akunakwenzeka, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba enze konke okusemandleni ukuze izingane eziphile kahle. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kudingeka sigweme izimo ezibangela ukucindezeleka nemiphumela kwezemvelo okunomthelela omubi kakhulu. Ephambi kwezinduna isifo izihlobo kufanele bahlolwe ngudokotela wezengqondo futhi isazi sezakhi zofuzo bobabili kwabashadile ngaphambi nje ebamba isisu sengane.