Dlulisa uyakwazisa contiguity. Tiga tenkhulumo: Definition

Igama elithi "tiga tenkhulumo" livela egameni lesiGreki elisho ukuthi "yetha kabusha". Lokhu umzila, okuyinto ukudluliselwa value contiguity - ngezikhathi ezithile noma njalo - igama ekilasini ethile yezinto, noma eyodwa ehlukile noma kwelinye ikilasi, ehambisana naye ukuba uzibandakanye esimweni esithile noma contiguity.

Yini amagama angadluliselwa

Ngesisekelo tiga tenkhulumo kukhona kwendawo, imicondvo yemagama umcimbi, ubudlelwane ngekulandzelana syntagmatic phakathi ezinye izigaba ukuthi singabakaNkulunkulu ngokoqobo futhi ukubonakaliswa kwayo e kwengqondo yomuntu, livikeleke nezincazelo ezithile amazwi - phakathi kwabantu, izinto, tento, tigameko, izinqubo, izenzakalo, tikhungo tetenhlalo, isikhathi, indawo, njll

Igama angadluliselwa:

1) ne ayesisebenzisa kwinani ngaphandle kokuqukethwe noma ukugcinwa lokucuketfwe ngekwako, njengokuthi "ingilazi" - "ukukala uquqaba ezomile futhi uketshezi," "ukuphuza isitsha";

2) material for imikhiqizo eyenziwe kuwo: "ithusi" - "coppers," futhi "metal";

3) kusukela esigodini, indawo umcimbi umataniswe noma isethi eziphilayo yezakhamuzi zawo: "Bonke abantu is hleka kuye", "Umgwaqo" - "uhambo", "indlela isisekelo ukunyakaza," "uhambo isikhathi";

3) a isenzo esiqondile yi yayo, isihloko ehilelekile isenzo (isikhali, into, isihloko) noma indawo: "Misa" - lena indawo lapho ezokuthutha, futhi isinyathelo esiqondile, "ikhwela" - idivaysi ping nesenzo ikhwela;

5) amafomu yokukhuluma okuqukethwe noma, samuntu ethize impahla okuqukethwe wonkana, "liyincwadi interesting" libhekisela okuqukethwe, kanye "liyincwadi enkulu" - esihlokweni;

6) ngokudlulisela ukubaluleka kwengosi kuba adjacency nesayensi, umkhakha ulwazi nendaba yayo kanye noHezekeli, "uhlelo" - lokhu "uhlelo ulimi" futhi "igatsha wesayensi yezilimi";

7) ngemicimbi, izenzakalo zomphakathi abahlanganyeli yayo: "Le nkomfa izobanjelwa e-June," futhi "Le ngqungquthela bavumelana ukubaluleka isinqumo";

8) nesikhungo yenhlangano nomphakathi esakhiweni, isiqalo nesigcino kwabasebenzi bayo, "ifektri bangena esitelekeni" futhi "ukulungisa imboni";

9) nge ingxenye yonke, futhi aba amaSheshi, "ipheya" - "izithelo" futhi "umuthi" (nokudluliswa isihloko ingxenye yonke ngokuthi synecdoche - ibe yintfo lekhetsekile tiga tenkhulumo);

10) nge isimo ezithile ngokomzwelo ngezinye iyimbangela eyinhloko "horror" yakhe - "umcimbi ezimbi" futhi "ukwesaba";

11) Igama lombhali ingasetshenziswa ubheke isitayela edala, umfuziselo, noma imisebenzi yakhe: - ". Igama master" "ukushicilela, funda UTolstoy sika" Bull "ifenisha uhlobo oluthile umhlobiso" futhi

tiga tenkhulumo njalo

Tiga tenkhulumo, okubonisa ukuxhumana kwelwati, izigaba, kanye / noma izinto, iba njalo uma kudala onobuhle semantic kwezwi-kumiswa izinhlobo kanye namazwi edidayo, ngokuvamile ngokuhlanganisa ezinhlobeni ezihlukene amagugu: umcimbi, eyabonisa, kuncike (ukhonkolo kanye abstract). Ngokwesibonelo, amagama isinyathelo asetshenziswa njalo ukuchaza ezinye inhlangano okuholela ( "umsebenzi", "umsebenzi", "indaba", "isixazululo", "isakhiwo").

Isijobelelo polysemy

Uma ukudluliswa analogical Kwenziwa njalo ngaphakathi uhlobo izwi-obumba, okuwumphumela waso kungenzeka Isijobelelo polysemy esikhundleni substrate (qhathanisa, isibonelo, i-value ezifana tijobelelo ngamazwi -enie, -anie). Inhlangano kwezinye izinto adjacency futhi budebuduze imiqondo okunengqondo siguqulelwa ukuhambisana kwemicabango njengemisho amagugu. Tiga tenkhulumo yalolu hlobo kufeza inhloso ethile - nominative, kuphindze kufake sandla ekutfutfukisweni lucebe ulimi izindlela.

Yini ebangela tiga tenkhulumo

Qalisa izindlela emizileni of kugucuka ahlukahlukene syntagmatic. Ezenzeka njalo ngesisekelo iziphakamiso noma imishwana tiga tenkhulumo, okuyinto umphumela okuthiwa okweqanda ukunciphisa umbhalo azigcina ngokuvamile elithile izimo zalo elilinganiselwe ukusetshenziswa kwaso, ngaphandle kokudala lokuqukethwe ezimele inani elisha, isibonelo: "Esikhathini Museum kukhona ezimbili Van Gogh" (okusho ukuthi "ezimbili imidwebo van Gogh "), kodwa awukwazi zithi:" umuntu van Gogh ukuboniswa owesifazane osemusha. "

Ukuxhumana nomongo

Isixhumanisi okuqinile kakhulu nomongo kuyinto tiga tenkhulumo enjalo (izibonelo ngolimi Russian, bheka ngezansi), lapho ekubizweni esimweni esithile, esekelwe isilandiso, kuyehla kuphela ingxenye into amagugu: "Kwenzenjani -" Inhliziyo (ikhanda, amazinyo, emphinjeni) "- okusho ukuthi" iba buhlungu inhliziyo (ikhanda, amazinyo, emphinjeni). Lokhu ukusetshenziswa kukhawulwe timongcondvo ethize semantic futhi syntactic. Ngakho, abanye incazelo ongokomfanekiso (izibonelo - "inhliziyo", "ekhanda") ayikwazi kuhlangene tento zenqubo kanye tiphawulo, belinganisa ubunjalo isifo futhi ubuhlungu. Asinakusho "oqinile (ukubelesela, acute) enhliziyweni" noma "inhliziyo kwayibhebhethekisa (saba sibi kakhulu, kwaqina)." Kulokhu, ukubaluleka ukudluliselwa adjacency is hhayi kusungulwa ngokuzimela ngomongo okuqukethwe semantic yokukhuluma. It ukhonza njengelungu izindlela lwetimphawu ezahlukeneyo semantic yokusetshenziswa kwawo. incazelo ongokomfanekiso, izibonelo okuye kushiwo ngenhla, buhlobene eduze nomongo.

Njengoba lisetshenziswe tiga tenkhulumo

tiga tenkhulumo asetshenzisiwe (synecdoche ngokuvamile) njengoba yokwamukela a isimo isigaba into by imininingwane yayo yangaphandle individualizing. Proisllyustriruem umcabango wethu. Thatha lezi iziphakamiso tiga tenkhulumo, enjengokuthi, 'Hey, nentshebe! "," I hat efunda iphephandaba. " Ukusetshenziswa okunjalo liyafana esuselwe elisho sokusebenzisana - isiphawulo substantivized futhi zebizo, Wed. "Beard" futhi "darnel", "Kunesilevu". Lolu hlobo tiga tenkhulumo (izibonelo s lokho ulimi -. Little Red Riding Hood, Little Longnose, njll) uvame ukukhonza njengephayona indlela yokudala izidlaliso, izidlaliso.

Symbol leqembu nomphakathi

Uma into ibizwa tiga tenkhulumo, kuyinto ejwayelekile kubantu abaningi, kungase kuthathe impande ngolimi futhi njengoba ekubizweni leqembu elithile kwezenhlalo, isibonelo, igama elithi "Bast" kungase kubonise ongumlimi Russian esikhathini sangaphambi wamavukelambuso. Kodwa tiga tenkhulumo ezinjalo ziswela bomcondvofana, bomcondvophika (semantic) ukuzinza. Ebujameni zomlando ezahlukene ngokuthi "ngesilevu" lisetshenziswa ukuze libhekisele abahlakaniphileyo, abalimi, izicukuthwane, abadala, futhi idlanzana elithile intsha. izibonelo tiga tenkhulumo ngolimi Russian, okuyinto sikhulume nje, kuyinto evamile kakhulu.

Syntactic isikhundla tiga tenkhulumo

Ukusetshenziswa kwalesi umzila (synecdoche, ngokuyinhloko) ngokuyinhloko ukuze ubheke isihloko yokukhuluma ehlanganisa ngayo isikhundla syntactic mayelana nale ndaba, ukwelashwa okwengeziwe. Njengoba isilandiso nesimo esithwele inani le adjacency kuyinto engavamile, ngoba ingasebenzi iyiphi esisihlukanisayo umsebenzi. Uma tiga tenkhulumo elisetshenziswa isilandiso, it is siguqulelwa isingathekiso, njengokuthi "isigqoko" - a "bungler", "Isihlangu" - ". Incithakalo, indoda bagongobaliswe" Ukusetshenziswa kwamagama isilandiso ukubaluleka partitive ngokuvamile sifeza iminqopho yoku aspektizatsii kuncike akubhekwa ezimweni eziningi njengoba ukudluliselwa adjacency. Ake sicacise iphuzu lethu. Cabanga ngalokhu: "Yena wayengumbulali wabantu ingqondo edlubulundayo" - libhekisela isici isici esithile lo muntu, ukuba ngqo - ubuntu bakhe bokusungula.

Synecdoche alisetshenziswa imitjho ekuphileni noma okulingana zabo, okuyinto ukwethula isihloko emhlabeni lelandzisako. Ngokwesibonelo, asikwazi ukuqala indaba ngamazwi anjengalawa :. Kwake kwaba (owodwa, abanye) Red Riding Hood "Lokhu ukusetshenziswa beqonda njengoba iwuphawu umuntu, futhi njengoba i samuntu tesifundvo.