Cinchona isihlahla: incazelo, isicelo, izakhiwo zangempela nenzuzo, Izimo

Lena emangalisayo isihlahla esidabuka kwezifunda zezintaba yeNingizimu Melika. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, linikezwe kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba. Cinchona isihlahla likhule ezindaweni ezishisayo. Kukhona inguqulo ukuthi igama simila yaqanjwa umfazi viceroy Peru, Countess of Chinchon, ngemva nokubuya kwakhe imfiva (mhlawumbe umalaleveva) Cinchona amagxolo e 1638.

Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, Cinchona uthanda aminyene. Izidingo okusezingeni eliphezulu emoyeni umswakama inhlabathi olumanzi.

Umlando omncane

Muva nje, esinye sezifo ezivamile futhi iyingozi emhlabeni kubhekwe ukuba umalaleveva, kubiza izinkulungwane zabantu unyaka ngamunye. Emazweni nge kunomswakama futhi efudumele ke kwande ikakhulukazi. abelaphi basendulo babekholelwa ukuthi isizathu salokhu itholakala isifo evala esindayo ukhuphuka uvela nasemaxhaphozini. Yingakho isihloko sakhe (Malare - «umoya omubi").

Yehlelwa umalaleveva Melika. Kodwa abantu bendawo bendawo baye bafunda ukwelapha lesi sifo esibi. Babenza umuthi ovela tropical omuthi. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi abomdabu ngikwazisa kakhulu lokhu amagxolo, okuyinto kungabonwa igama - ngenhlonipho ngokuthi "esiseduze-isihlobo", okusho ukuthi "Amagxolo main."

Lapho abantu baseYurophu yingcweti Melika, bathola ukuthi likhona ikhambi lokwelapha umalaleveva. Kodwa abantu bendawo abangu ekujaheni ukumambula imfihlo "esiseduze-isihlobo", baqhubeka oyimfihlo bangaphandle isihlahla (Cinchona). Kwathatha iminyaka engu-wokufunda umenzeli olwa nomalaleveva.

Ukuvela izidakamizwa umalaleveva e-Europe

Ekuqaleni XVII ekhulwini kuleli koloni Spanish Peru njengoba Vice iNkosi uLouis labetibambile Tsinhon. Yena wayezama okusemandleni akhe ukuba asize abantu baseYurophu ukuze axazulule impicabadala umenzeli olwa nomalaleveva. Ngo 1638 imfiva (njengasezinsukwini lezo ngokuvamile okuthiwa umalaleveva) iyagula unkosikazi wakhe u-Anna Tsinhon (Chinchon). Futhi kukhona kwakuyisimangaliso: ke belashwa emagxolweni esihlahla engaziwa esihlahleni.

Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, yagula Luis Tsinhon. Ukugula kwamphoqa e 1641 ukuza Spain. Wafika nezincwajana batch amagxolo zokwelapha "esiseduze-isihlobo". Kodwa ngenkathi odokotela European zehlulekile ukwenza kwayo i izidakamizwa ngempumelelo. Siphukuto ukudalelwa: Tsinhon lokuqala alethwa eYurophu i ikhambi eliphumelelayo umalaleveva, afa ngaso.

Ngemva kwalokho, baseYurophu zaphumelela ukufaka ngesinyelela zonke izinhlobo ezahlukene - ulungile, futhi ngokuvamile engenabulungisa - izindlela kukhishwe abomdabu amagxolo zokwelapha ulilethe izwekazi yakho. Ekugcineni, umuthi uvele e-Europe. Ikakhulukazi yimpumelelo ekwelapheni udokotela umalaleveva Talbor (UK). Yena waphulukiswa yalesi sifo iziguli eziningi. Phakathi iziguli zakhe esibonga langena inkosi French uLouis XIV.

Kwabe sekuvela ukuthi, ubuchwepheshe sokulungiselela ikhambi kwaba, njengazo zonke abakhaliphile emangalisayo elula. Amagxolo kwakugaywa ibe okucolekile wathela iwayini. Ngenxa yalokho, emangalisayo bitters. Kusukela tuzemskogo igama yabe seyaziwa ngokuthi "quinine". Umuthi, okuyinto wathola cortex, ngokulandelana, kwaba hinnym. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu XIX isazi sesayensi esidumile Russian F. I. Gize wathola ukuthi cortex unikeza izakhiwo ukuphulukiswa alkaloid ezikuyo. Wayelethwa okuthiwa i-quinine.

BaseYurophu ibhekene nobunzima obukhulu uzama ukuthola emahlathini Cinchona (izidakamizwa). Nokho, naphezu ukwenqena bendawo ngenkuthalo ukubasiza, kwathiwa imfihlakalo ixazululwe. Kwabe sekuvela ukuthi, amagxolo ukuphulukiswa babe zilwane isihlahla eziningana omndeni Rubiaceae (Rubiaceae). Basuke ahlanganyela kulokhu bohlobo olufanayo, nabakhulu Karl Linney wamnika igama tsinhona. I kabanzi kunazo umuthi wathola krasnokorkovoe Cinchona. Lombhalo ucashunwe ebhukwini zalesi sitshalo kuyaziwa izinsuku zethu. Isetshenziselwa kokubili bendabuko futhi abantu imithi. Kodwa sizoxoxa kamuva.

Cinchona: incazelo

Kuyinto i isihlahla esihlale siluhlaza omndeni Rubiaceae. It has stem oqondile emide emincane, obude ifinyelela amamitha amabili. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, kuba imbiza inamandla umqhele obukhulu eyindilinga. isiqu ubukhulu - elilodwa. Isiqu sawo imbozwe igxolo sinombala-grey, kanti, njengoba amagatsha asemancane abe luhlaza ngokubomvu.

amahlamvu

Ovate, ngobubanzi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi amahlamvu cishe round ukufinyelela ubude ngamasentimitha amahlanu. Basuke ababethi umbala oluhlaza, ngokuvamile shiny, obunesikhumba, pubescent kanye ngemithambo. Petioles kuze kube ngamasentimitha amahlanu. amahlamvu Young eziye nje zenzeka kusukela efihlekile, ababethi abomvu, ngakho kwesihlahla (Cinchona) kungabonakala ngokucacile ehlathini. Mhlawumbe, futhi lesi sici lihambisana ithoni obomvu amagatsha asemancane kanye nomthelela igama zinhlobo zalesi sihlahla.

izimbali

Cinchona, isithombe ongawabona kulesi sihloko, has a izimbali ekhangayo, eqoqwe izambulela. Bakha shirokopiramidalnye paniculate, inflorescences ezinkulu. imbali ngayinye ine pubescent pyatizubchatym inkomishi oluhlaza, okuyinto uhlala izithelo. Corolla pink pubescent tube eside ukugoba futhi iyizingxenye ezinhlanu. Anakho stamens ezinhlanu. Pestle gustoopushen ezansi, nenhlamba bifid futhi ikholomu filamentous. Stamens kungaba anobude obungalingani. Ngo ezesayensi yezitshalo, into okuthiwa geterostiliey. Lokhu kungenxa lithathelwe izitshalo ukuze ngempumelelo uMhloli Wemiqulu.

isithelo

Mela dvuhgnezdnuyu ibhokisi oblong ukuba amasentimitha amathathu ubude, wakhomba emikhawulweni yomibili, umbala onsundu ansundu. isidleke ngasinye athuthukiswe imbewu amabili nanhlanu. Imbewu esishwabene futhi flat, brown ukukhanya ngombala, lizungezwe ebanzi ziyaqothuka tonkopereponchatoe iphiko.

ukhuni nokuqothulwa

Sesixoxile mayelana lokuthi ezweni zalesi sitshalo - ezishisayo yaseNingizimu Melika. Lapho abantu baziswa Cinchona (izakhiwo ngokukhethekile), yaqala ekubhujisweni giant ukuziphilisa kwalesi silwane. Ngakho indlela ngesihluku kuvuna feedstock.

Ngokuphambene kubantu bendawo, abayisebenzisa ngokucophelela kakhulu izitshalo ezibalulekile, baseYurophu umkhankaso workpiece kunjalo esisebenzayo kwesihlahla (Cinchona) waphenduka ezweni lakubo sisonqenqemeni ekubhujisweni. Izihlahla bagawula waphakamisela abaphundlwe amagxolo kuzo. Ngenhlanhla, ngisho ngaleso sikhathi kwakukhona abantu smart, owaqala ukuba sihlakulele Cinchona emasimini. Kodwa ngokwanele yomlando, thina uqhubekela izindaba zama-practical.

Cinchona: isicelo

The main futhi eziyigugu kakhulu impahla eluhlaza for the ukwenziwa kwemithi kuyinto amagxolo. Iqukethe 18% alkaloids, phakathi lapho:

• quinidine;
• quinine;
• cinchonidine;
• cinchonine nabanye.

I alkaloid esiyinhloko-quinine, Cinchona amagxolo iqukethe kuze kufinyelele 7.5% we ketshezi. It kunomphumela okhethekileko Amagciwane umalaleveva - Plasmodium kuyabathinta, eziqukethwe igazi lomuntu onegciwane. izidakamizwa abahlukahlukene emagxolweni kwesihlahla Cinchona (the ningi NEMPUMELELO NGAPHAKATHI - quinine usawoti izixazululo umjovo) yashintsha elwa nesifo esinzima - umalaleveva.

UK odokotela baphoqeleka ukuba amasosha owakhonza India futhi kwamanye amakoloni, lapho umalaleveva zazandile, isiphuzo tonic (Quinic amanzi), ebelikude, njengazo zonke izidakamizwa sesihlahla som Cinchona, ukunambitheka emangalisayo ezibabayo. Ngakho amasosha ayenqabe ukwamukela lokhu izindlela ezingemnandi kodwa kudingekile, liyanezela a gin kancane. Yavela kanjalo-ke, bese igxilile okusakazekile West namuhla isiko - ngaphambi dinner isiphuzo likagologo gin kanye tonic.

Ukusetshenziswa imithi yendabuko

Quinine konke okuphuzwayo, lapho kuziwa ukuze wenze ngendlela ephumelelayo ku womuntu wokugaya ukudla uhlelo ngokuvamile (kokubili ukufutheka esingokwemvelo, kuyayivula kujwayeleke uketshezi emathunjini). Ezweni lethu, yasetshenziswa ekwelapheni iziguli umalaleveva ukukhiqizwa quinine angaphandle, iyatholakala njengoba isixazululo (oyinyumba) - dihydrochloride. Bayidayise izitsha eziyisikhombisa ngoba umjovo.

Okwesibili alkaloid - quinidine - Uphinde wathola isicelo kwezokwelapha. Lena stereoisomer we-quinine, okuyinto kuqukethwe emagxolweni inombolo kunalokho enkulu. Ezweni lethu ovunyelwe ukusebenzisa powder quinidine sulfate. Kunconywa ukuba amukele i-arrhythmia, arrhythmia, tachycardia. Cinchona amagxolo ngcono ukugaya, has antipyretic, astringent, isenzo anti-amagciwane abe nenkani. Inikezwe ngokungabi bikho esesuthi, ukukhathala, iziyaluyalu wokugaya ukudla, ukuba umlutha wotshwala, catarrh elingenhla ipheshana zokuphefumula, umalaleveva, Umkhuhlane.

amagxolo engaphandle asetshenziselwa ukwelapha bedsores, iqhubeka amanxeba, njengoba has a liphinyiselwe izakhiwo ekuqiniseni.

Izimo:

• hypersensitivity ngamunye ukuze quinine quinidine;
• sokukhulelwa.

Ungathathi imithi esekelwe Cinchona namagxolo ne anticoagulants njengoba kwandisa nethonya lazo emzimbeni.

Ukusetshenziswa Folk imithi

quinone Welulekela isetshenziswa njengenhlangano agent antipyretic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuwo ngentshiseko uphikisa izifo ezithathelwanayo (Umkhuhlane, isibonelo). Okulandelayo, sicabangela ethandwa kakhulu izidakamizwa zokupheka.

zokupheka Traditional: itiye cinchonic

Uzodinga isipuni izinto ezomile eluhlaza, okumele uthele 250 ml amanzi abilayo futhi sokunika imizuzu eyishumi. Le mfundiso eyasungulwa ethi ke kudingekile ukuze some. Tea isetshenziswa 40 ml kwamaminithi amathathu ngaphambi kokudla. Izindlela ezinjalo ukwandisa esesuthi, futhi normalizes isimiso sokugaya ukudla bungene.

Ngo umalaleveva abelaphi ukuncoma ukuthatha quinine ekuseni (libe linye - nesikhwama esisodwa powder) izinsuku ezinhlanu. Khona-ke udinga izinsuku ezimbili ukwenza ikhefu, bese uqhubeka ukuthola izinsuku ezimbili ngaphezulu. Ngemva ukusetshenziswa izindlela ezidingekayo ukulala. Lena imfuneko. Ukwelashwa luthatha izinsuku eziyishumi.

Ngesikhathi umsuka isixazululi nkinga yehadiwe nezinsiza

Asinakusho ukuthi, Cinchona amagxolo, ngokusho kongoti eziningi, wanika yisisusa esinamandla ekuthuthukiseni isixazululi nkinga yehadiwe nezinsiza. Ekuqaleni ukusetshenziswa udokotela isitshalo Hahnemann (eJalimane) wagomela ukuthi izidakamizwa, kuthathwe ngemithamo emincane, kubangela izimpawu zesifo, okuyinto ngemithamo ezinkulu belashwa. Ngakho kwaba khona isimiso lapho isixazululi nkinga yehadiwe nezinsiza kusekelwe - "like aphulukise like".

Ukwelapha akhiphe

Extract sesihlahla som Cinchona - zibe umthombo obaluleke kakhulu we-quinine. Lokhu kwaziswa Kuyaziwa. Kuyaziwa ngezici zawo isinqandakuvunda, iyathambisa futhi toning. Quinine ngenkuthalo esetshenziswa ekwelashweni fever nomalaleveva emazweni ashisayo. Ukusetshenziswa inqwaba engezwani kungabangela ukucanuzelelwa inhliziyo kanye bekhanda.

Ukusetshenziswa isixazululi nkinga yehadiwe nezinsiza

Cinchona - isitshalo okwelapha, futhi kusetshenziswa kakhulu e isixazululi nkinga yehadiwe nezinsiza. Isetshenziselwa emakamu ongaphakeme (D1 futhi D1) isamba ubuthakathaka yizifo isikhathi eside futhi kanzima, uketshezi ukungadli juice esiswini. Kulezi ngemithamo Cinchona izenzo njengenhlangano tonic kakhulu. lokuhlala Ephakeme (D4 - D6) asetshenziswa neuralgia, izinhlungu zekhanda gqwa, ukukhwehlela whooping, futhi ukucinana kwemigudu yokuphefumula, palpitations, izifo emathunjini, uma izinkinga nge uhlelo biliary, sifo.

nezithasiselo herbal

inkampani Nutramedix isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe ekhethekile ukuthuthukisa ukwakheka kanye isizinda emagxolweni kwesihlahla Cinchona. Lokhu kunikeza yokukhiqiza nomkhakha ogcwele wezinto akhiphe ne bioactivity eliphakeme.

amanothi Isicelo

Ngaphambi ukusebenzisa, lo isitsha kufanele ayonyakaziswa kahle. Engeza namamililitha ezine amanzi usuku olulodwa kuya amathathu amathonsi akhiphe ulinde iminithi elilodwa ngaphambi ukuphuza. Ukuze uqale ukuthola imali kumele kube nomunye iconsi kabili nsuku zonke ngaphambi kokudla (emizuzwini engu-30), umthamo kumele lalilokhu landa usuku nosuku, eyilethe kuze kube amathathu amathonsi (noma njengoba uyalelwe ngudokotela).

Lombhalo ucashunwe ebhukwini is oluqanjwe NUTRA MEDIX. Intengo ibhodlela (30 ml) - ruble 2760.

Ukusebenzisa e Cosmetology

Futhi Cosmetology wathola ukusetshenziswa yalesi sihlahla emangalisayo (Cinchona). ngesisekelo amagxolo izidakamizwa asetshenziswa womshini amathuluzi ukuthuthukisa ukukhula nokwakheka kolimi izinwele. kuvame kakhulu ukuba kusetshenziswe ngalezi zinhloso akhiphe cinchonic. Uye protivoseboreynoe impahla, futhi ngenxa yalokho ngempumelelo elwisana dandruff. Iqondiswa ku-ejenti zokwelapha kanye amashampu anti-dandruff. amashampu okunjalo alawule umzimba futhi ubuyisele izinwele, okwenza kube acwebezelayo futhi uyaphila. akhiphe Alcoholic kunomphumela omuhle ukumuncwa izinto izakhi ngenkuthalo amangqamuzana esikhumba, ngempumelelo kuvusa izinwele zikhula zibheke ngakhona.

Isimo kanye amashampu equkethe quinine - umthombo energy ukuze imicu ababuthakathaka futhi ukhathele. Kusho ngobumnene kakhulu ukubanakekela, kususa dandruff, yenza ecwaninga kulula. Njengoba isibonelo, imoto nebhalsamu Klorane, okuyinto akhiqizwa izitsha eziyisikhombisa nomthamo 100 ml bese 200 (287 futhi intengo ruble 512).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-quinine ngokuvamile kufakwe Ukwakheka izimonyo ezihlukahlukene lo muthi ngoba isihlungi yemvelo ukuthi ivikela isikhumba imiphumela elimazayo singakutholi ukukhanya kwelanga.

Sengiphetha, ngithanda ukusho ukuthi Cinchona ayilahlekelwa ukuphulukiswa nethonya elinamandla, kodwa kumelwe singakhohlwa ukuthi ushevu zemvelo, futhi ngenxa yalokho-non-ukuhambisana imiyalelo, zokuzelapha akuvunyelwe nakancane. Ukwelashwa, umthamo kufanele libekwe kuphela udokotela ukuba khona.