Church of Uyingelosi Enkulu UMikayeli, Yaroslavl: umlando, incazelo kanye ezithakazelisayo amaqiniso

Ngo Yaroslavl, phezu loMfula Kotorosl - the owumthelela kwesokudla iVolga, iyona Spaso-Preobrazhensky Isigodlo, wasungula lokho emuva ekhulwini XI. Kuzo zombili izinhlangothi lizungezwe ethempelini Epiphany futhi iSonto Arhangela Mihaila. Yaroslavl - omunye lamadolobha amadala isiRashiya, kanti lasendulo ngokulinganayo kukhona lezi amathempeli. Omunye wabo, lowo owayephatha ngayingcwelisa behlonipha uJesu eyingelosi enkulu-umholi lwebandla lasezulwini, namuhla, njengoba amakhulu amaningi eminyaka, ikomkhulu lalo ukunakekelwa obungokomoya balabo amaqhawe emhlabeni - Abavikeli we lawobaba.

ubufakazi Idokhumentari elasungulwa zeSonto

Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa on nini futhi ubani esontweni Mihaila Arhangela yasungulwa ngo Yaroslavl, omlando wakhe kuhlangene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa kulo muzi, usitshele zemihla ngemihla lasendulo kanye nezincwadi zenkolo ukuthi ezisekhona kuze kube namuhla. Omunye wabo, wenza ngo-1530 futhi equkethe izimpilo Nezikhulu Basil kanye Constantine, ukuthobeka ukuphila zenzisa abagcotshwa, futhi uthi iNkosi Novgorod, uKonstantin Vsevolozh sibekwa kwamthobela amathempeli ezimbili Yaroslavl. Omunye wabo kwakungu-Cathedral of kweNyuka, kanti eyesibili - ibandla Arhistratiga Mihaila, le ongumvikeli amadoda empi. Ukwazi wokubusa iSikhulu Novgorod nosuku ibhukumaka Assumption Cathedral, kulula ukunquma ukuthi isonto okukhulunywa ngazo kulesi sihloko, lakhiwa mayelana 1215.

Futhi iqukethe ukwaziswa okuthakazelisayo futhi agcinwe Church of the wesandla kwekhulu XVIII. Lithi-ke yakhiwa 1216, futhi ngempumelelo wema iminyaka ematjhumi abunane. Kodwa umkaso ukwabelana Yaroslavl Prince Fyodor Rostislavovich Black Anna, ekutholeni kwakhe agugile kakhulu, ngaphambilini ukuthi lowo muntu adilize, kodwa ukubeka ibandla elisha kusayithi.

Isipho ngomfazi Khan Nogay

Edlulayo, kuyafaneleka ukuba umbhangqwana, isikhulu, zakhonza ibhukumaka ibandla elisha, impela indaba yothando. Iqiniso lokuthi mlando bytuyuschaya nesibongo Black empeleni liphinyiselwe njengoba Red, okungukuthi "enhle". Ngokusho lwemilando, imibiko, ngempela kwaba ezingavamile handsome, futhi ngolunye usuku, ngenkathi evakashele Golden zidlamlilo, ke ziyahlanya othandweni ngomfazi Khan Nogay.

Akunzima ukuqagela ukuthi yini eyayingase zibe Umhawu ka umyeni wakhe, uma ngisho isizathu kancane elinikwe ngoba. Kodwa owesifazane eseneminyaka kwabahlakaniphileyo labaqedisisayo - akumangalisi zibalwe indodakazi uMbusi waseByzantium u Michael VIII Paleologue. Ukungakwazi ukunikeza isikhulu Russian inhliziyo yami, yena wamnika umfazi nendodakazi ozithandayo, Anna ukuthatha egameni Lobu-Orthodox. Wakhe okukhathalelayo eyasungulwa iSonto Arhangela Mihaila (Yaroslavl).

Church - isikhumbuzo emakhulwini eminyaka adlule

On kungani Russian inkosazana umsuka Tatar-Greek unqume ukwahlukaniselwa isonto behlonipha Arhangela Mihaila, kukhona imibono eyayisinesikhathi eziningana. I Cishe iningi lalezi abhekwa ezimbili. On omunye wabo kwakwenziwa inkumbulo kayise - Michael VIII Palaeologus. Enye hypothesis ubona ezinqumweni zawo hlungu othandekayo, kodwa ngokushesha oshonile endodaneni Michael - indodana Black Prince Fedor emshadweni odlule.

Siye ngasinda nezimpawu ezimbalwa agcinwe ethempelini kusukela esikhathini UPrincess Anne. Lena isithombe Arhangela Mihaila, owayesesimweni nenkathi yamaSoviet eqoqweni we Tretyakov Gallery, isithonjana ezimbili laseTheotokos - Our Lady of Vladimir futhi Smolensk, futhi umfanekiso St Antoniya Velikogo, ngokuvumelana abacwaningi, owayesesimweni isithonjana odlule isonto leminyaka, njengakuqala ebandleni kwakukhona yesonto, ngayingcwelisa yokudumisa usanta.

Isimo Garrison ethempelini

Ekhulwini XVII ziqinisekise ukuphepha endaweni ezungeze isonto wanikezwa abacibisheli isiphetho, okungukuthi abantu bokulwa, elingafunwa uyingelosi eyinhloko uMikayeli, umholi lwebandla lasezulwini, iyona nomvikeli. Kungokwemvelo ukuba njengoba iSonto lithole isimo ikampu ethempelini, okuyinto kulandele namanje owandile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo isakhiwo sesonto ubudala, kwanqunywa ukuba ubuyekeze futhi kancane kabusha.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukudluliswa ithempeli uMnyango neMpi bamlethela enodumo ngaphezu kwayo imali edingekayo ukuze kabusha. Yaroslavl izimantshi babe abantu azinasisindo, futhi umsebenzi eyathatha iminyaka eyikhulu ikota. Agcina kuphela 1682, ekuqaleni wokubusa uPetru mina - umkhuzi wempi omkhulu, zilethwe umxhasi wasezulwini yebutho asemrarweni.

Ngenxa ukusweleka ngezimali umsebenzi lezempi ezenziwa ikakhulukazi ku iminikelo Yaroslavl abathengisi, kahle, lowo okhokhela, njengoba wazi, ubiza ingoma. Yonke into yayenziwa ngendlela ngokuvumelana nezifiso abanikeli kabani okuthandwa zishintshile okungaphezu kokukodwa eminyakeni eyikhulu ikota. Ngenxa yalokho, ibandla Arhangela Mihaila (Yaroslavl) ugxile izici zethempeli eziningana isitayela yezakhiwo.

Church of St UMikayeli Ingelosi Eyinhloko: incazelo

Ngokujwayelekile, kuyafana nezinye Yaroslavl emathempelini enziwe phakathi nenkathi efanayo. Kusekelwe a quadrangular elilungile apses ezintathu - projection ongaphambili omise, okuyinto zitholakala ngaphakathi kwama-altare. Yonke isakhiwo igibele isizinda okusezingeni eliphezulu, ingxenye engezansi isakhiwo. Umakhiwo izimpahla wawuhloselwe ukudayiswa emakethe, thina Awukude - ngemiphefumulo yabo wabhaka abathengisi, kodwa futhi akakhohlwanga ukuba Umamoni. zemibukiso Ekuqaleni, izindonga enyakatho nasentshonalanga zambozwa, okwakukhona kompheme amabili ubude, ehlotshiswe openwork eqoshwe. igalari entshonalanga kuphela liye lasinda kuze kube namuhla.

Futhi-ke, ifomu jikelele Izithako isicwebezelisi esivimba amanzi, ezakhiwe ngesicelo nabanikeli, abathengisi isitayela ezidumile Yaroslavl - a ayizidlakela, ezimfushane, eyaphumela itende elincane. Ebandleni kukhona Izindlwana emibili, enyakatho, abangcweliselwe yokudumisa isimangaliso abasebenzi Solovetsky, ebekiwe umqhele umbhoshongo olunothile. Olungaphambili lwesonto ethempelini lihlotshiswe nenhle zamafasitela futhi ibhulukwe lakhe - kude isikwele odongeni, phakathi lapho tile anemibala sezibekwe.

Ithempeli eqoshiwe futhi ubufakazi okubhaliwe yesikhathi esidlule

Church of St UMikayeli Ingelosi Eyinhloko e Yaroslavl, bekulokhu abadumile njalo nodonga lwawo imidwebo, ababulawa ngo-1731 ithimba abadwebi eholwa Fodora Fodorova. yasezindongeni yabo, ungachazwa icebo lula ukudluliselwa, into efuze leyo ukuphrinta Russian ethandwa, futhi avame kakhulu esikhathini kamuva yentuthuko lolu hlobo olungokomfanekiso.

Agcinwe wethempeli wencwadi, ngokuthi "umlando kwabathile" ihlanganiswe phakathi nonyaka 1761-1825 umpristi Semonom Egorovym, uthi ebandleni, ngaphandle izithonjana iyeza kusukela endulo, osekuphele isiliva kweqa nge izinsalela kwabangcwele, kukhanye izwe Yaroslavl . Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsebenzi wakhe ngokuningiliziwe ngezenzakalo, okuyinto wabonwa kulezi iminyaka iSonto Arhangela Mihaila (Yaroslavl).

iminyaka ngokunganaki

Ezikhathini zaseSoviet, eqalene umkhankaso anti-zenkolo ezibanzi umkhankaso kuleli zwe, futhi baba Yaroslavl. Isonto Mihaila Arhangela - Garrison, lapho uthandaza, oya empini, izizukulwane eziningi amasosha Russian, savalwa futhi yaphenduka ishede. Ngo-1925, bababamba futhi wathumela ukuba elicibilikile izinsimbi zayo, nazo zonke izinto kanye naletinye tindlela tekuphila umane baphanga. Idlanzana kakhulu babo base bekwazi kakade namuhla kungatholakala ezindaweni zemibukiso kuwo wonke ezweni.

Isimo obathuthuka e sixties, kuyilapho isonto Mihaila Arhangela (Yaroslavl) idluliselwe ugcine City Museum. ifake isandla ekubuyiselweni kwalo ngokwengxenye senziwa, kodwa imali kusuka isimo akwanele, nabathengisi wangaphambili bona babasekeli babo eside ashona la mavangeli.

On eya ekululameni

Ithempeli wahlala ucezu Museum, esetshenziselwa izidingo yasendlini, kuze 1992, kwaze kwaba yilapho ekugcineni wabuya eSontweni Lobu-Orthodox. Phakathi nale nkathi, ngenxa inchubomgomo yembuso esishintshile maqondana inkolo, amathempeli amaningi zezindela, ngokuyinhloko othathwe ethembekile yabuyela abanikazi babo bangaphambili. Yayihlanganisa isonto Mihaila Arhangela (Yaroslavl).

Luhlelo amasevisi futhi leyo minyaka, futhi namuhla kungabonakala kuphela ezivalweni umkhawulo wayo oseningizimu - engxenyeni efudumele yesonto, okuyinto sokubuyiselwa usuphothuliwe. Ezinye izindaba zika-isakhiwo iselukhuni ilokhi futhi ulinde in amaphiko. Ngo kuphela wenza umsebenzi abaluphahleka kanye namabala amafasitela ahlotshiswe ngokweqile abuyiselwe.

Yayisekelwe Kuyinkolelo-ze iminikelo

Cases kuningi okusafanele, ngoba phakathi neminyaka we wobushiqela ukuvukela ethempelini sabangelwa umonakalo eside. Ngo-1995, waphinde kwaba, njengoba eminyakeni yokuqala, yayizimisele isimo ibandla lenqaba. Kodwa umsebenzi wokubuyisela akuyona speeded up. It kungabonakala ngaphandle nenala abanikeli yokuzithandela Church of Uyingelosi Enkulu UMikayeli (emzini Yaroslavl) is hhayi avuselele ngokugcwele.

Nokho, izibalo zibonisa ukuthi ezinsukwini zethu zingafezeki umhlaba Russian by abanikeli yokuzithandela. Ngokusemthethweni, iphesenti izimali ezitshaliwe kusukela isamba umsebenzi uxhaso sokubuyiselwa engakaze yamemezela, kodwa usefuna ukuthethelelwa izinga lapho kule minyaka eyishumi amathempelana ayengama eliyincithakalo, ukuthatha ifomu yakhe eqiniso, kuba enkulu ngokwanele.

Indlela kithi esontweni Arhangela Mihaila?

Izindawo Holy - Yaroslavl nezinye amadolobha kufakwe Golden Ring of Russia - manje ezivakashelwa kakhulu njenge-pilgrim kanye izivakashi. Inombolo yomhlaba wonke yesikhungo komlando Yaroslavl, ohlwini UNESCO ngoba ukubaluleka ngomlando nangamagugu obuciko abalulekile. Lapha kusuka ezweni lonke futhi kusukela phesheya izinkulungwane zabantu ukuba sikwazi ukuphefumula noma umoya elingenakuqhathaniswa endulo. Kodwa hhayi kuphela nakumasiko we emakhulwini eminyaka adlule edumile iVolga edolobheni.

Ubizwa ngamathempeli awo futhi, esiphawulekayo phakathi elibandla Mihaila Arhangela ezaziwayo, ukudalulwa kwalo okungahle zingatholakala ku isiqondiso ekuphileni kunyatheliswe futhi kumawebhusayithi okuqondene ke. Lapha, ezindongeni wokufakaza izinsiza eziningi kangaka zokukhulekela, umthandazo uyindlela evundile ikakhulukazi.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi uma kubuye abantu ezimpandeni zayo yokhokho esingokomoya kuphela izimisele yokukhulekela kwakhe, kodwa futhi amakhonsathi ka choral futhi insimbi umculo siqhutshwa njalo Agasti ku lonke "Inguquko" lomkhosi. Bamba iqhaza kuzo, futhi amaqembu professional, abahlabeleli isonto, adalwe ezifundeni ngamunye. Amaphimbo abo, ephelezelwa ukukhala of izinsimbi, kuba uphawu bobungcwele, abuyé ngemva kwamashumi eminyaka ubumnyama obungokomoya futhi liyincithakalo.