BRDM-2: Tuning, ukusebenza, umkhiqizi, isithombe. kwesimo endaweni Armored kanye patrol imoto

Abangaphezu kwesigamu kweyikhulu edlule by ibutho laseSoviet wangena BRDM-2. Russia baqhubeka ukudalwa nezempi. Lo mshini zingatholakala kumasayithi lempi kuze kube manje. Kepha akusikho lokho kuphela eRussia kodwa futhi kwamanye amazwe. Kukhona ngisho ithuba ukuthenga BRDM-2 ukulondolozwa yazo ukuze bazisebenzise. Nokho, esimweni esinjalo, akwaziwa ukuthi kuyoba baziphathe emotweni emva ukozela amashumi ambalwa eminyaka. Lo mshini uyakwazi ukubhekana imisebenzi yayo. Kungaba kubhekwe esihle ngoba imoto, okuyinto "kungenzeka".

imoto armored has a maneuverability phezulu umhlaba, amanzi izithiyo, e off-road izimo, izigodi imisele. Iya nomaphi ukusiza amasondo ngaphezulu, okungase exhunywe uma kunesidingo. Uma bengakwazi ukuhlala babhekane, ukusiza indophi. Imoto has ngezinga eliphezulu of izingalo kanye yokuvikela ekulimaleni zangaphandle. Combat module lubandakanya izibhamu, amabhomu iziqhumane nezinye izikhali osezingeni ezahlukene.

umakhi

Armored kwesimo endaweni kanye patrol imoto 2 (BRDM-2) yadalwa ngesikhathi Gorky Automobile Plant esikhathini kusuka 1963 kuya ku-1982 emva kweminyaka 7 walo mshini yadalwa ngesikhathi Arzamas umshini wokwakha isitshalo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ukukhiqizwa usumisiwe kwamanye amazwe. Phakathi kwabo kwakuno-Poland, eCzechoslovakia, eYugoslavia.

Umlando sokudalwa

Ngo-1962, ekhona Russian izimoto armored abangu eyayihambisana model entsha, ebizwa ngokuthi BRDM-2. Lwakhiwe yi-abaklami Special IHhovisi Gorky Automobile Plant ngaphansi kokuqondisa VA Dedkova. Lo mshini iyimpi ukuba esikhundleni BRDM-1 akusebenzi ngaleso sikhathi.

Imodeli lokuqala kwathiwa libhekene khona nemiphumela ethile engathandeki abalulekile. Phakathi kwabo yayiseKhesariya injini phambi ephethe namandla 90 amalitha. s., firepower ababuthakathaka, eziningi isisindo, singavumeli imoto ukuhlomisa izikhali ezengeziwe. Ngakho-ke, ekuqaleni kuka-1959 ukulawula armored yezwe ekhishwe okusetshenzelwa umshini wokwakha isitshalo ukwakha izimoto nge ukusebenza okuthuthukisiwe.

izimoto Military BRDM-2 kwakudingeka bawele Izithiyo amanzi umsele ububanzi. Kuze kube yimanje, umshini kwaba ifakwe emanzini-jet ngamandla iyunithi emzimbeni, ukudonsa ezinamasondo, okuyinto actuated by injini main.

Ngalesi sikhathi, inkampani waqala production iloli Gaz-66 (eyaziwa ngaphansi kwegama "Shishiga"). Ngenxa yalesi abaklami kungathatha izakhi okuthuthukile ukwakha BRDM-2. silungisa imodeli base senziwa usebenzisa izingxenye eziningi kusukela "shishiga". Lawa kwakungamadodana amabhuloho, ukudluliswa, powertrain nezinye izingxenye.

Umehluko phakathi imodeli entsha evela version eyisisekelo

ATV ezinamasondo izizukulwane amabili ayehluka Ukucaciswa. BRDM-2 kunezinzuzo eziningana phezu esasisandulele:

• Okuthuthukisiwe ukusebenza ushayela.

• Okuhlezi emqondweni ukulwa amakhono.

• Izinga eziphakeme zokulondeka.

• Kube ukuzivikela anti-enuzi.

• Injini efakwe ngemuva, ngaleyo ndlela ngcono permeability we ingozi amanzi.

• Ngomsebenzi wokugqokwa ngolwazi (isizukulwane yayo, ukudluliswa) isetshenzisiwe uhlelo emsakazweni.

Lezi zimo zokuma ukuhlukanisa imodeli entsha BRDM-2. Izithombe kuzosenza izinguquko eziye zehlela ukubukeka emotweni. Bronezaschitnye umzimba ebesezilungele phakathi nonyaka ka-1960. Kodwa entsha izingxenye chassis futhi powertrain babengakabhaliswa ezenziwe. Ngakho-ke, kuye kwadingeka ukuba kuyafana inguqulo yangaphambilini. Kulesi ukucushwa ATVs lempi beza isivivinyo. Kodwa lokhu kuye kwaholela kunobukhulu bendawo Izibuyekezo ezingezinhle.

Okumbi imodeli nokuqeda zabo

izimoto zempi phakathi novivinyo wathola izibuyekezo ezilandelayo:

• Torque oveza injini qinile ukudluliswa is ayihambi ngokugcwele.

• Imoto wazibonakalisa engazinzile ezisemagumbini. Lokhu Amsiza yimoto ithrekhi ewumngcingo, kwakhiwa okuyinto ngezithukuthuku amabhuloho ezimisiwe "shishiga". Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, imoto wayengasakwazi ukunyakazisa ku ethangini amathrekhi.

• I turret ezivulekileyo ezingenaso kwaku izikhali, akazange ukuvikela nokudubula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingxenye yokuqala negated ukuzivikela anti-enuzi.

• Ngaphakathi imoto kwaba isikhala okuncane kakhulu, okuyinto kwakungenele crew.

• Ukubuyekeza engalungile, okuyinto siphetha isimo umshini (buka ngemuva) kanye umshayeli (kwesokudla ohlangothini umbono).

Abanolwazi BRDM-2 amasampula, ukuhleleka okuhle lapho baqhubekela phambili, ezathathwa ibutho. Kodwa ngokumangalisayo, ekukhiqizweni ayizange uqalise. Lokhu kuvikela agumenti phezu turret ezivulekileyo ezingenaso akazange ivumelane ezempi. Ngakho-ke, abaklami kwadingeka benze izinguquko kuphrojekthi yakho. Bavula Spark PKT futhi KPVT kwesokudla phakathi umshini izindlu. Leli lungiselelo akazange kuthinte patency (okubandakanya amanzi izingozi). Kodwa ngaleso Bhalobhasha efanayo eyayifihliwe ngaphakathi emotweni kungenzeka ukushayela labadubuli isiyingi. anti-enuzi umsebenzi yesimiso sokuzivikela ayiphazamiseki. Ububi kwakuwukunciphisa inani nezisebenzi oyedwa. isikhala Yangaphakathi isibe ngisho ezincane.

ukukhiqizwa serial yayincane kakhulu. Sekuyiminyaka engu-25, it wadedelwa izimoto ayizinkulungwane 9.5 kuphela.

BRDM-2: Tuning ifektri

Phakathi ukukhiqizwa imoto yayo liye ngcono izikhathi eziningana. Ngisho ne-luhlolo lwangaphandle kungaba onobuhle avelele iminyaka nesibongo.

Ngakho, ekuqaleni kuka ATVs lempi kwadingeka kubhaklazeka ezimbili lapho emoyeni engenayo. Nge umumo trapezoid, basuke ivaliwe ikhava kuvula nasemuva. Ngo phakathi ukukhiqizwa kubhaklazeka amabili ayengoMahaloni singunxande futhi amakhethini avaliwe. Leyo mikhumbi ukuthi zakhululwa ngazo ngeminyaka yoma lichanyuselwe zafakwa 6 amakepisi, sifana amakhowe. Lo mklamo kwenza ukuba bavikele injini.

iqembu

izimoto armored Russian enamadoda iqembu lamalungu 4:

• Umkhuzi.

• Driver-umakhenikha.

• Ayohlola.

• Ayohlola, naye isibhamu nokudubula.

Umlawuli nomshayeli izimo mkhakha uqhuba observation ngamafasitela yokubuka ukuthi ivalwe kungenziwa uma kudingeka nge zamabhodlela zempi. Phakathi lokulwa, ukuze bagcine umkhuzi isebenzisa periscope. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona amadivayisi prismatic. 4 amayunithi ukuze kwamasosha umkhuzi wawo, futhi 6 - i-Mechanics. Ukuze ahlole endaweni ebusuku umlawuli kanye nokusetshenziswa umshayeli-umakhenikha ebusuku umbono amadivayisi: TVN-2B futhi TKN-1c, ngokulandelana. Zingene ingaphakathi ngokusebenzisa kubhaklazeka zingafakwa phezulu umzimba.

Scouts ibekwe emaceleni ekulweni gumbi engangikulo. Ukuze ngamunye wabo enikeziwe isihlalo semi eqinile. Okwashiwo umkhathizwe wenziwa ngokusebenzisa ikhefu ahlelwe ngaphakathi kubo kumadivayisi ezintathu prismatic. kubhaklazeka Eduze ezinoqwembe ezisetshenziswa labadubuli izikhali siqu.

umklamo Izici

Isakhiwo BRDM-2 simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

• Front - ukwehlukana ukuphathwa. Nazi izilawuli, umsakazo, amadivayisi Ukuqondiswa kwemikhumbi, izindawo umshayeli nomyali, ukuqapha amadivaysi isimo sezwe.

• Phakathi nawo - elwa gumbi engangikulo. Kuyinto maphakathi umbhoshongo, okuyinto lihlelwe isibhamu. Kukhona izinhlamvu, izinqama wokubacindezela amasondo ezengeziwe, izihlalo ezimbili scouts.

• Ngesikhathi stern - gumbi injini. It is lingaxhumani ukwahlukanisa umshini kokuvalelwa iyunithi zokuhlunga. Ukuze uthole amandla iyunithi itholakala nge iminyango ensikeni.

Icala ngokwayo yazalwa iphuma steel ishidi camera nge ungqimba zempi (6-10 mm). Lokhu kuvikela umshini kusukela kuzicucu ukudayiswa kwezikhali ezincane nezikhali ezincane ukuqhuma osezingeni okwami.

Imininingwane BRDM-2

Injini esetshenziselwa umshini carbureted V emise 8 cylinder. amandla Motor kuyinto 140 amalitha. a. Ngaphandle refueling umshini angahamba 750 km umhlaba noma amahora 15 lapho sidlula amanzi. Uphethiloli 280 amalitha. Kukhona isiqalo drive motor mathupha.

Cooling ketshezi, ivaliwe hlobo. Refrigerant ujikeleziswe ngokusebenzisa forcedly uhlelo.

Chassis BRDM-2 Tuning kancane kuthinteke. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kuyefana kakhulu ukuthi we BRDM. Umshini lusebenza ku amabhuloho ezimbili eziyinhloko. Lapho ushayela endleleni kungenzeka ukuxhuma amabhuloho amabili ngaphezulu. Lokhu kungenziwa ngosizo drive wokubacindezela.

Ubukhulu jikelele umshini:

• Ukuphakama - 2395 mm.

• Ububanzi - 2350 mm.

• Ubude - 5750 mm.

• Wheelbase - 3100 mm.

• Ground imvume - 330 m.

• ithrekhi Front - 1840 mm.

• ithrekhi engemuva - 1790 mm.

Umshini unesisindo esingamathani angaba ngu-7. Kulokhu-ke phansi nokucindezelwa 0,5-2,7 kg / cm ^2.

entwasahlobo ukumiswa. I iziphethu abe ukuma semi okweqanda. Wheel ifomula - 4x4, uma ukuxhuma ezengeziwe amabhuloho amabili - 8x8.

Owanele kungaba ihlolwe liphakathi. Misa lokho akusho ngempela enze izinguquko ezithile kungenzeka ngisho ekuhambeni. Lapho sihamba ngemoto emgwaqweni iqhwa, okuyinto ungqimba ingeqi cm 30, ukucindezela isondo akudingeki zingancishiswa. Umshini uwela eqhweni futhi amasondo bahlanganyele phansi.

Front ukukhwezwa indophi izindlu. It ivumela imoto samovytaskivatsya. I indophi has a amandla edonsa amathani 3.9. Ubude ikhebula salo 50 m.

Speed, okuyinto eba isondo wonke amasondo izimoto uma ushayela endleleni kuyinto 95-100 km / h. Lapho sidlula amanzi, lokhu ipharamitha kuyehla kube 8-10 km / h.

Umshini uyakwazi ukunqoba izithiyo okuphakama kwawo ifinyelela 0.4 m. I we nomsele, okuyinto onganqoba umshini ukujula ifinyelela 1.22 m. Kuyanda Bridgeable kuyinto degrees 30.

ukulungiswa

Ikhishwe ezinamasondo ATV BRDM-2 ukushintshwa eziningana. Basuke ukhiqizwa emazweni ehlukene.

Ngezinye Arzamas umshini wokwakha isitshalo ngaphezu version eziyisisekelo futhi inguqulo ekhona BRDM-2M (A). Lokhu amalungiselelo ibhodi imodeli ngesihlalo esinamasondo wayiswa kufakwe trapezoid iminyango. Kungenzeka ukunciphisa isisindo imoto. Ukumiswa lathathwa BTR-80. Njengoba amandla iyunithi igibele turbocharged udizili. umthamo Its 136 amalitha. a. BRDM-2A version is kwahambisana by iziteshi zomsakazo ongakhetha kuzo izinhlobo ezimbili. Isisetshenziswa isibhamu (7.62 futhi 14.5 mm).

Ensimini ka-Ukraine it wadedelwa ukulungiswa ezimbalwa nje. Ngo-1999, e Nikolayev ababebuthene nguqulo yohlelo BRDM-2LD nge injini entsha. Le modeli iye yasetshenziswa ngesikhathi kuba izingxabano zaseKosovo. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-6 e Nikolayev wakhipha phambili ukuguqulwa - BRDM-2DI "Khazar". Egibele udizili "Iveco" nge preheating, imager ezishisayo kanye izikhali ezintsha.

ukulungiswa ababili phambili zathathwa e Kiev. Eyokuqala ubizwa ngokuthi BRDM-2DP. Engafani isisindo kancane, okuyinto uhlangothi izindlela ukwanda patency zisusiwe. Kunalokho, efakwe entsha injini design ukuba banqobe imisele (imisele), umnyango eceleni umzimba paratroopers. isethi eshintshiwe kwezikhali. Ukuguqulwa yesibili Kiev uvele 2013. amasondo engeziwe isusiwe. Engeza isiteshi somsakazo, injini diesel ephethe namandla 155 amalitha. s., umaka izibani kubhaklazeka front futhi bakhulise ukuze paratroopers. Ushintshe i ukulwa amayunithi.

ukulungiswa eziningana okuphakanyiswe Poland. Eyokuqala BRDM-2M-96I uvele 1997. It efakiwe entsha uhlelo wazihlephula, injini diesel, "Iveco" 6 cylinder. Ukuguqulwa eyesibili yeza ngo-2003. Lalibizwa ngokuthi BRDM-2M-96IK "The Jackal". A ethuthukisiwe udizili "Iveco" 6 cylinder. Iphelelisane umsakazo emotweni, air conditioning, protivokummulyativnymi izikrini latticed. Ushintshe i osezingeni ukukhwezwa machine gun. ukuguqulwa Kugcine akhiqizwa Poland - BRDM-2M-97 "Zbik B". Kuleli imodeli ngaphandle amasha ayisithupha cylinder udizili "Iveco" ziye zasungula ukudluliswa entsha nezinye izinto ezengeziwe.

Enye ukuguqulwa kwaba eqoqwe eBelarus. Lalibizwa ngokuthi BRDM-2MB1. Wathatha off amasondo ukuqeqeshwa ophephela, okuvumela travel emanzini. Model ifakwe 155-amahhashi udizili, umsakazo, video ukubhekwa, kubhaklazeka ngoba Marines ezinhlangothini emzimbeni. Isevisi eguquliwe. Amatilosi lande laba ngu-7 abantu.

Ngo-2013, inguqulo yakhe "Nibbler" okunikelwe Azerbaijan. Jets Water namasondo ezengeziwe isusiwe. Powerplant efakwe nomthamo 150 amalitha. a. Okuthuthukisiwe Ukuvikelwa okwami. kubhaklazeka egibele i paratroopers, imibhoshongo machine gun for amayunithi lempi (iziqhumane osezingeni ezahlukene, isibhamu kabili barreled).

Kazakhstan okunikelwe ukuguqulwa ngawo lowo nyaka. Amandla iyunithi esikhundleni isitshalo diesel "Iveco". Kushintshwe amabhuloho. Baphuthunyiswe kusukela BTR-80. Ngenxa lokhu kwandisa ithrekhi. entwasahlobo ukumiswa, iqhubekile kusukela version eziyisisekelo. Ukuguqulwa ubizwa ngokuthi BRDM-amaphutha.

ukuguqulwa kwawo kwakunjengokwetshe eCzech Republic (LOTI-B, LOTI-V), Serbia (Kurјak).

BRDM-2 njengesisekelo ngokudala izimoto

Ngokusekelwe BRDM-2 (Isithombe okuyinto kungabonakala kulesi sihloko) aseqalile ukuthuthukisa injongo izimoto ezikhethekile. Yaqala cishe ngokushesha nje ngemva kokuqala zokukhiqiza BRDM-2.

Kakade ngo-1964, nabaqambi basungula isibonelo sokuba kwesimo endaweni zamakhemikhali. Lalibizwa ngokuthi BRDM-2px noma "Dolphin". Lo mshini yasungulwa ngenhloso ukuphenywa kokuphulwa zamakhemikhali, bacteriological, ukuzikhethela radiology. Ikakhulukazi ukuqedela le nguqulo yilezi:

• Kudivayisi sokulinganisa degree ukungcoliswa komoya bemisebe (Radiometer).

• Negesi analyzer ezisebenza imodi othomathikhi.

• Roentgenometer.

• Idivayisi uzingela chemical ezingcolisa, ezisebenza kumodi semi-automatic.

• inkinobho okuzenzakalelayo ukuthi kunqunywe khona emoyeni imvelo webhaktheriya amanyela.

Umoya fed leyatiwako kuze amadivayisi ipayipi lomoya. Ngemva kovivinyo, emoyeni kukhishelwa ngaphandle. Inqubo lokondla ejection ihlaziye emoyeni ilawulwa umshayeli. Kuze kube yimanje, izingalo ezimbili ziphambi kwakhe. Ngemuva kwemoto kushiya umzila kwemamaki befaka. Yibona amazwi "elinegciwane" ifulege ziphuzi. Lokhu kwakwenziwa ukuze kutholakale indlela ephephile. Amafulegi samasu olukhethekile umshini, okuyinto zingalawulwa kusukela gumbi kwaba.

Ngaphandle ngenhla echazwe "Dolphin" nezinye umehluko phakathi ezahlukene Umshini osezingeni isibhamu. Inombolo zezisebenzi sehliselwe ezintathu: kumlawuli, umshayeli (ngubani ngaphezu kwalokho okwenza umsebenzi mechanical), isithunywa (eqinisweni wayengumuntu wemithi).

Ngo-1967, esekelwe BRDM-2 lwakhiwe umshini for izikhulu. Kwakungekhona umbhoshongo. Kunalokho, bamisa sunroof, ephumela phambili. Isikhala kwangaphakathi yokuhlala kumlawuli, umsakazo opharetha.

Eighties kwakukhona inguqulo BRDM-2U. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi, esikhundleni imishini elekthronikhi (okuyinto lancipha) ukusetha umbhoshongo ngoba izibhamu.

Futhi athuthukile imishini zvukoveschatelnye ukuthi liphuza amandla umsindo yokudlulisela. Lawa kwakungamadodana onobuhle:

• 3C-72B, okuyinto ababacindezeli amayunithi lempi. Tower kulo esikhundleni ibha nge ilawudispikha. Umenzi uye walungiselela uhla ukusakaza 7.5 km. Thumela imilayezo ayengakwenza ngisho ukude. Kuphela kuleli cala isikhulumi kufanele akhiwe kude engekho ngaphezu kwengxenye ikhilomitha ukusuka emotweni.

• 3C-82, lapho amayunithi elwa efakiwe. Nokho, egcinwe ku kuphela omunye umshini yiwona isibhamu turret. ilawudispikha ukuthi kwakuzwakala eceleni kwakhe phezu kombhoshongo zase zihleliwe at ibanga 6 km.

Machines Kuye asethuthukile kokuthutha ezicitshwayo ( "Baby-M", "umncintiswano", "iso", "Falanga-P" kanye nabanye), izimoto zezimo eziphuthumayo, izimoto kanye nekhono unqobe amanzi isithiyo, nokuqoqwa kwezikweletu imodeli. nezisebenzi Oqeqeshiwe ingase ibe eziklanyelwe ukuqeqeshwa ungakuphi.