Ballet "Swan Lake". ballet Tchaikovsky sika "Swan Lake"

ballet Tchaikovsky sika "Swan Lake" - olunye lwezimpawu ubuciko omkhulu Russian, sentiwe ngebuciko, okuyinto eyaba jewel yengcebo umculo emhlabeni kanye "litshwayo" we Bolshoi Theatre. inothi ngalinye nokuhlupheka umkhiqizo elifakwe. Amandla usizi melody amahle, isici imisebenzi Petra Ilicha, laba impahla yabantwana bonke abathandi umculo nabalandeli kwezwe nobuciko bokusina. Izimo kokudaliweyo lokhu ballet omangalisayo engengaphansi okukhulu kuka Amanothi of "Scenes phezu kwechibi."

I-oda le-ballet

I engxenyeni yokugcina yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye kwaba isikhathi ngajwayelekile for umdanso we-ballet. Namuhla, lapho sekungenzeka ingxenye zabuna, kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi emashumini ambalwa eminyaka edlule, lolu hlobo lobuciko abangu liphathwe njengokuthile yesibili, bangakufanelekeli ukunakwa abaculi sina. P. I. Chaykovsky, ngokuba hhayi kuphela umqambi bodumo, kodwa futhi connoisseur umculo, wayithanda nokho ballet nokusebenza okujwayele, yize umbhalo lolu hlobo, isifiso akuyona wazizwa. Kodwa okuthile okungalindelekile kwenzekile kwi isizinda nobunzima okuthile kwezinto ezibonakalayo kwafika oda kusukela Directorate okuyiwona wathembisa isamba eside. Imali wathenjiswa ophanayo, ruble emakhulu asibhozo. UPyotr Ilyich wakhonza somculo, futhi ngalezo zinsuku, othisha, futhi, akazange izambane likapondo, ngisho noma, yebo, umbono ngokuchichima zazihlukile. Isethi umqambi ukusebenza. Ballet "Swan Lake" (kuqala wakhulelwa igama "Isiqhingi Swans") yayakhiwe uhlelo ngesisekelo legends German.

Wagner Tchaikovsky

Njengoba isenzo okwakwenzeka eJalimane, P. I. Chaykovsky, ukuzizwa emkhathini okuyimfihlakalo milando zamaJalimane nezigodlo lapho Knights izintokazi amahle babe izinhlamvu ngempela ezivamile, iya kulelizwe (lokhu, ngasendleleni, mayelana ubumpofu okuqukethwe kwe-ke osolwazi) . Edolobheni Bayreuth ngesikhathi isethulo (ukunikeza "Ring we Nibelungen") labetibambile komngane enhle Geniuses ezimbili - Petra Ilicha futhi uRichard Wagner. Tchaikovsky wakujabulela "Lohengrin" nezinye opera nozakwabo abadumile, ngalokho azange behluleka ukwazisa umzalwane ongumJalimane e ubuqotho uhlelo amaphuzu. ubuhlakani baKhe protagonist Russian wanquma ukubiza Siegfried, ngokumelene lapho German omkhulu Akazange engqondweni.

Enye ongaqondakali German Ludwig II

Kwakukhona omunye umlingisi engaqondakali, kusithinta ngempela ikusasa umdanso we-ballet "Swan Lake". Wagner ukubukelwa nkosi Bavarian, Ludwig II, owabe umuntu ongaziwa, kodwa omunye abahlakaniphe kakhulu efana nayo. Ukwakha sivala ongaqondakali, kumnandi futhi engavamile, wadala umoya Ephakathi, ngempela ungwaqa nomphefumulo umqambi omkhulu Russian. Ngisho nokufa yenkosi, okwenzeka ngesikhathi izimo ongaqondakali kakhulu, kahle ngaphakathi uhlaka biography of lokhu ubuntu kokuvamile ebukekayo. Ukufa i nkosi ongavamile owenziwa ezingqondweni PI Tchaikovsky umphumela ezicindezelayo ke engasenamahloni umbuzo ukuthi ayeze siqala kungengamabomu, izinkinga ekhanda lakhe indaba elibuhlungu, wayefuna ukutshela abantu.

kunqubo

Esikhathini ballet, njengoba isenzo bezilokhu kubhekwe main party nobuciko bokusina. Ngokwe-Umlando wabantu ababephila, leli siko isiyephule ballet "Swan Lake". Nokho, kokuqukethwe, futhi kwadingeka okumqoka, it is wagcizelela okushiwo umculo omuhle. Kuyinto edabukisayo futhi kuyavumelana kwencazelo engajabule kuthandana. Kusukela Ukuphathwa yaseshashalazini azenzile e "Swan Lake" indima ballet we ikhasimende, Libretto wabelwa uVladimir Begichev, umqondisi we-Bolshoi. Yena ubesizwa V Geltser, umdansi, futhi kamuva umlobi ngokwakhe exhunywe kwi kunqubo. I score zaziyigolide, zilungisiwe 1876, futhi bonke ukunakekelwa esiboniswa ngesikhathi kudalwa umdanso we-ballet, P. I. Chaykovsky, cishe, besingalindele ukuthi lo msebenzi ngeke yehle uchungechunge yobuciko ukuthi immortalized igama lakhe.

Abalingisi, isikhathi kanye nendawo

Indawo nesikhathi isinyathelo ezikhonjwe njengoba fabulous. Protagonists kancane, izincwadi eziyishumi nantathu kuphela. Phakathi kwabo inkosazana imperious nendodana yakhe Siegfried, ingenye yezindawo zokugcina, ingemuva Zommershtern, umeluleki wakhe Wolfgang von Stein nomkakhe, ingemuva Shvartsfels, kakhulu, yena nomkakhe, umgijimi, Ummemezeli emikhosini, nefukezi indlovukazi, waba uloyiwe Odette enhle, zifana neconsi lamanzi efana yena Odile noyise Rothbart, i umthakathi okubi. Futhi-ke, izinhlamvu ezincane, kuhlanganise Little Swans. Ngokuvamile, esiteji ngesikhathi izenzo ezine azikho ngakho ambalwa abaculi.

lwendaba

Siegfried Young, bejabule futhi ocebile bajabulele ukuchitha isikhathi nabangane. Muhle a celebration, ngosuku ubudala. Kodwa kukhona umhlambi nefukezi, into edonsela isikhulu abasha amlandela ehlathini. U-Odette, ukuthatha imizimba yenyama, captivates nge yobuhle balo nokuhlala ukhuluma okukhohlisa Rothbart, enchanted wakhe. Prince enze isithembiso lothando okuphakade, kodwa umama-indlovukazi has isiphetho uhlelo kumadivayisi yasemshadweni ndodana. Ngesikhathi ibhola yena Odile zifana kakhulu intombazane dada indlovukazi. Kodwa ukufana kukhawulwe ukubukeka, futhi ngokushesha Siegfried uyaqaphela iphutha lakhe. Efika uyolwa nge villain Rothbart, kodwa acekela ukungalingani. Ekupheleni abathandi bayabulawa, villain (ethile kulokhu kuphindukuzalwa isikhova), futhi. Lena ngesakhiwo. "Swan Lake" isibe ballet oluvelele, hhayi ngenxa Singularity yayo, kodwa sibonga magic umculo Tchaikovsky sika.

a kwesizini ukwehluleka

Ngo-1877, ngesikhathi Bolshoi kwesizini. Usuku Februwari 20 UPetru Ilyich walinda nokukhathazeka futhi isineke. Ukuze ngezizathu injabulo kwakungokomnikelo zesiteji wathatha Wenzel Reisinger, wahluleka bonke dlule iqala ngokuphepha Theatre. Ngithemba ukuthi lesi sikhathi waphumelela ngeke, kwakungenele. Futhi kwenzeka kanjalo. Akubona bonke abantu besikhathi wayezazisa umculo ohamba phambili, nasengqondweni niqonda isenzo ndawonye. Imizamo ballerina uPolina Karpakovoy ekudaleni isithombe Odette kuhlulekile. A Chorus Line uye wathola eziningi ukugxekwa ngokuphawula caustic izandla okungalungile wendiza. Zokulingisa lishone gade onakele. Kuphela ukuzama yesihlanu, ngemva ukushintsha kwezinkathi soloist (ke wasina Anna Sobeschanskaya, ballerina prima we Bolshoi Theatre), wakwazi ngandlela-thile ugqozi izethameli. P. I. Chaykovsky wacindezeleka akuphumelelanga.

zesiteji Mariinsky

Kwenzeka isimanga ukuthi ballet "Swan Lake" bayazisa kuphela ngemva kokufa kwakhe, lapho akuzange ezimiselwe ukujabulela ukunqoba kwakhe. Eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili zokukhiqiza zimuka nomoya kwaba ngaleso Bolshoi lize ekugcineni isuswe kusukela repertoire. Sebenza inguqulo entsha qophelo Umhleli womdanso uMarius Petipa waqala kanye nombhali, sabasiza Lev Ivanov, njengoba ayephethe amakhono sangempela futhi omuhle kakhulu inkumbulo zomculo.

Iskriphthi yashintsha, zonke kucatshangwe kabusha choreographic. ukufa Umqambi elikhulu washaqeka Petipa, wagula (ezibe nomthelela kwezinye izimo siqu), kodwa walulama, yazibuza ukuze udale i-ballet "Swan Lake", obekungadala lesikhumbuzo ngokuyisimangaliso P. I. Chaykovskomu. Waphumelela.

Kakade Februwari 17, 1894, ngemva nje kokufa umqambi, enkumbulweni yakhe kusihlwa, umfundi L. Petipa Ivanov ahlinzekwa emphakathini inguqulo entsha nokuchazwa isenzo sesibili, libhekene a baxgeki njengoba intuthuko ekhaliphile. Khona-ke, ngo-January 1895, i-ballet ukuthi okuhleliwe ngesikhathi Mariinsky Theatre Petersburg. Lesi sikhathi khona ukunqoba okungavamile. A ezingezwani ambalwa ngomoya jikelele imisebenzi siphetfo entsha, ujabule. Umfowabo okunikelwe umqambi ngasekupheleni Thobekile Tchaikovsky. Esikhathini esizayo, qembu wabuyela inguqulo yasekuqaleni, okuyinto ukubeka kube yilolu suku nge enkulu impumelelo amatiyetha emhlabeni wonke.

ballet Ukudalelwa

Ukuhluleka "Swan Lake" Ngokusobala, yisona sizathu esisodwa kungani umqambi eyishumi nantathu akazange asikhuthazi ballets. Kungenzeka Tchaikovsky udidekile yokuthi lolu hlobo namanje kubhekwa engasindi, ngokungafani opera, umculo wezinsimbi, Suites, cantatas nasemakhonsathini, okuyinto wayekhetha ukudala. Ubude ballet umqambi wabhala ezintathu, omunye amabili iyona "Sleeping Beauty", okuyinto premiered ngo-1890, futhi bebe bekhuluma "The Nutcracker" umphakathi eminyakeni emibili.

Ngokuqondene 'Swan Lake ", khona-ke baba impilo ende, futhi, cishe, kuze kube phakade. Yonke i-ballet zenzeka ekhulwini lamashumi amabili akusho bavela inkundla amathiyetha ehola emhlabeni. imibono yabo ukusebenza ngo inkulumo yalo evelele Umhleli womdanso wesimanje Gorsky, Vaganova, K. Sergeyev nabanye abaningi. A wamavukelambuso indlela engxenyeni zomculo umsebenzi kwaholela ukuthola izindlela zobuciko ukudansa, eqinisekisa ubuholi global ballet Russian. Ongoti yobuciko ezivela emazweni ahlukahlukene, ngokuvakashela eMoscow, cabangela iphuzu ebalulekile ngokuvakashela Grand Theatre. "Swan Lake" - ukusebenza ukuthi akabashiyi ubani nandaba, ukuyibuka - iphupho labo bonke abathanda i-ballet. Amakhulu abadansi abavelele cabanga isiqongo kwenkonzo yakhe Odette.

Ngangazi Peter Ilyich ...