Balance lichaza ekwakheni: izinhlobo kanye nezimiso

Igama elithi "Ukwakheka" Asho ukuthini ekhuthaza izakhi ezithile e lonke ivumelane. Lo mqondo osebenza kahle ngokufanayo sciences ngqo futhi art theory jikelele. Equilibrium lichaza ekwakheni - omunye izimo ezimbili ebalulekile phambi kwaso. Eyesibili inhlanganisela lwazo zonke izinto abamelwe into kwifomu olulodwa. Njengoba kokubili ubuciko bokwakhiwa noma kwi-engeneering ukufuna ngokuvumelana, ngoba akubheka njengesono umgomo wabo oyinhloko futhi lingashayi phansi, ukugcwaliseka kwalezi izimo ezimbili yiyona nowukuphela kwengoma.

imiqondo Jikelele theory

Iculo Isayensi lehlukanisa ezintathu izinhlobo zawo, okuyinto mkhuba bavame ezihlobene eduze futhi umphelelisi nomunye, enika ngezinye izikhathi inhlanganisela ezingalindelekile kakhulu futhi enezici. Waba yini umphumela walesi isiko kukhona yobuciko. Lezi zihlanganisa: ngaphambili, ivolumu kanye nokujula-Spatial kwengoma.

Ukuze zonke izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi ebonisa ukuthi yisiphi isithombe, isakhiwo, noma esinye isidalwa, eyabonakala ngenxa isenzo yobuciko, kumelwe silinganiswe, okuyinto ngokuyinhloko uboniswe ukuzinza ezibukwayo eyinkimbinkimbi izakhi zalo ephambili. Kulokhu, akusiyo njalo umbuzo wesimethri esiqinile. I yakhoibrium lichaza ekwakheni kuyinto ibhalansi kwazo zonke izinto (cezu yabo sakhiwa) kusukela maphakathi. Kulokhu, isidingo sisimame enjalo okusobala nje isuke ibangelwa Imvelo uqobo lwayo. Ubufakazi lokhu singasebenza njengesisekelo esiqinile sokufinyelela iqiniso lokuthi izilwane nezitshalo, ngisho izwe ezingaphili kuyinto ukulinganisela esivela kwengoma. Izibonelo zazo zikhona yonke indawo, Maple leaf, iqhwa crystal clamshell, njll ...

Cinga nokuvumelana ilungiselelo izakhi umuntu nge ukucabanga kwezobuciko, enembile. Lo mkhuba ungakubangela usukela emlandweni isiko emhlabeni izinkulungwane zeminyaka. Ikakhulukazi, lubonakaliswa wagxila kuya wesimethri, efakazela, isib, ezibukwayo ibhalansi mass Ukwakheka lombhishobhi ubudala Katolika, ubungcweti isonto isiRashiya, futhi yebo ku Ensemble imibhoshongo baseGibhithe.

Kufanane futhi asymmetry

Njengoba yaziwa, lo proportionality ngokuphelele isimo alikho. Futhi-ke ingekho ke bese uqedela asymmetry. Nokho, iqiniso lokuthi isakhiwo kwesibuko isimiso kweningi eliphelele izidalwa eziphilayo (kanye izakhi eziningi imvelo ezingaphili) ubonisa ukuthi konke ivame ukuba proportionality emhlabeni. Gravitate kuso, futhi indalo engabantu.

Equilibrium mass sokuqanjwa ibangelwa indawo efanele izakhi zalo endizeni noma iphuzu isikhungo. I wesimethri okufanayo - kungcono imakwe kakhulu Ngokuphambene izinga. Okungenhla esibukweni salo owande kakhulu emvelweni okuyisimangaliso ubuciko. Ingqikithi useduze i isilinganiso alinganayo izingxenye isihlobo into eksisi eqonde ngqo phezulu noma ovundlile.

ezifana zinhlobo Equilibrium Ukwakheka njengoba wesimethri Helical futhi Axial, ezakhiwe Ukujikeleza mayelana eksisi. Esimweni sokuqala, lapho turning izakhi ezihlukahlukene zingahlanganiswa ngokuphindaphindiwe. In the yesibili, ngo zonke izinhlobo amasu kwezobuciko ukudala Dynamics - Kuvunguza ezinyakazayo emhlabeni eksisi static.

Kodwa anikholwa ukuthi ukuvumelana endalweni yayo umculi ingafinyelela ngokuqinile kuphela ulandele imithetho proportionality. Enye indlela yokuyithola kwezobuciko, ukuklanywa kwezakhiwo, temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba kanye izinkondlo iyona skewness, okuyilona elisebenzayo futhi kufakwe base kwengoma. Equilibrium ngokungabi bikho izakhi ukulingana esisemthethweni ephumelelisa nokubekwa lesifanele kanye ukuxuba zonke izingxenye into ngombala wazo amathoni nesisindo. izindlela ezinjalo isibonelo, singabona izithombe, "Landscape nge Polyphemus" Poussin futhi "Madonna we Rocks" kaLeonardo da Vinci.

Inani isikali

Visual ibhalansi mass Ukwakheka ngokungabi bikho wesimethri awusiwo futhi esebenzayo izakhiwo. Kungaba uyisibonelo St Andrew kokuba turret ongalingani (esinye sezici isici isitayela uVictoria). Asymmetry Ngaphezu amasu eziyinkimbinkimbi ubuciko kanye Ngokungafani indlela esibukweni ifundwa kancane kancane. Njengoba indlela ukudlulisa umoya futhi nokufuna kugunyazwe ugqozi umdwebi nkulumo zayo ezicacile kunazo, kungalingani lembula ukulinganisela ashukumisayo e kwengoma. Ibonisa ukulingana izakhi ezahlukene degree ezahlukene massiveness, lokhu kubanga inkohliso of ukunyakaza emikhawulweni ezivamile.

I nokuqina langempela lezinto iyafundwa kuphela ngokuziqhathanisa nalokho, futhi "ubukhulu" zisebenzisa leli gama inqubo nokuhlola. Ukwakha compositionally lesifanele asymmetry ukubaluleka nemininingwane emincane isusiwe njengomphumela indlela ephumelelayo yokukhuluma wobuciko. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, usebenzisa isikali, awukwazi ukuya ku olinganise, ngoba zihlobene kakhulu ne. Ngoba umthetho owaba umqansa kunayo yonke yakwa-yakhoibrium e kwengoma.

Ingxenye isimiso kungaphansi ukuqinisela ubuhlobo phakathi eziguquguqukayo ezimbili noma ngaphezulu. Ukwandisa olulodwa ezithile elithile, ukwanda, futhi lena enye izikhathi efanayo.

Jiyomethri e Art

Ukuhambisana nemithetho ngenhla echazwe ingafinyelela proportionality nokuphelele ngokuvumelana izakhi maqondana izingxenye into bese ekujuleni kwenhliziyo. Isimiso buqhathaniswa - lena zakudala phakathi izimali jikelele e kwengoma. Ngesihloko esithi "Balance zobuciko ingcaca kanye izakhiwo", kukhona imisebenzi eminingi yesayensi.

Ngakho, njengoba olinganise ngokuphelele okuthiwa isilinganiso golden kwatholakala emakhulwini eminyaka adlule. Leligama busuka ukusetshenziswa ububanzi ubuhlakani omkhulu uLeonardo da Vinci. Leli nani lisikisela ukulinganisela ukwakheka, inani izinkulumo zezibalo 1.62. Imidwebo ke idluliselwa ngokwakha geometrically ephelele inkanyezi ezinhlanu enamaphoyinti, ohlangothini okuyinto ngalinye lingafundwa evamile ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezimbili. Lapho ingxenye bahlobene ku Ingxenye "kwesigaba osemqoka".

Imfihlo yalesi ingxenye, ngokososayensi, laziwa izinkulungwane eziningi zeminyaka edlule. Umphumela isicelo kule formula yiso ibhalansi ukwakheka, izibonelo zazo kule nkathi yethu eliyifa izakhiwo omkhulu ezifana Parthenon, nemibhoshongo. Izakhiwo wenza ngokuvumelana olinganise efanayo, futhi ngo-India neChina, e-Italy kanye naseGrisi.

Izibalo e mdwebo

Befuna abaculi ekhululekile kunazo zonke eminyaka izikimu abaphatha ngomusa ngayo ngamunye ephawulekayo indaba, ethwele kwengoma. On ibhalansi ngamajamo weJiyomethri art emiphumeleni njengeSitatimende abaculi abaningi ngeNkathi Yenguquko futhi ngasekuqaleni kwenkathi yamaGreki Classical. Ngokwesibonelo, esithombeni N. Poussin sika "Landscape nge Polyphemus" izingxenye ezimbili esiyinhlanganisela makhulu unxantathu omncane elalibhalwe ku komunye nomunye. Nakuba izinhlamvu uLeonardo da Vinci sika "Madonna we Rocks" kuhlelwe kalula isivivane, beyizidalwa eziphakeme kunazo zonke esenza kube Virgin yena.

Ukuze uthumele isithombe elimisiwe umculi kwenza indlela ezifana static Ukwakheka, ibhalansi ngamajamo weJiyomethri lapho kufinyelelwa ngokudweba zonke imigqa esithombeni core. Isibonelo izixazululo ezinjalo kungaba imifanekiso, lapho ilungiselelo ezivamile izakhi ngesakhiwo ngefomu, sikwele noma isikwele, futhi ngokuvamile kuyofikwa wesimethri esiqinile.

Static kuyadingeka ukuze uthumele isimo ukuphumula, isikhala ivaliwe. ukwakhiwa okunjalo edingekayo ezidingidwa azihileli Dynamics. Ngokwesibonelo, e-imidwebo "Portrait of Xenia Tishininoy" sibalo I. Vishnyakov ngisho Heroine sika esingadala unxantathu equilateral abahlukene futhi iyona element kuphela lelipelwe ngemibala egqamile.

izingoma schematically evulekile

Njengoba sekunama-Yempucuko yasishintsha umqondo sempilo yalelozwe uqobo. Imingcele Komuntu is kakhulu anda, okuyinto ngempela ngokwemvelo kubonakala ubuciko, umculo, izincwadi kanye izakhiwo. Kakhulu emhlabeni elinganiselwe landiswa imikhawulo engapheli kanye nokusungulwa avaliwe washintsha evulekile.

Ukuhambisa yekufeza nobunye wonke isithombe, umculi, yebo, eqondiswa imizwa zomuntu siqu nezikhalazo nokucabanga kwakhe zokudala. Futhi nakuba nesenzo ekudalweni ayikwazi ukuhlaziywa, amasu esetshenziswa kakhulu ingafundwa futhi kubhekwa kabanzi. Ikakhulukazi, kumayelana art izikimu ngawo yakhoibrium kufinyelelwa ku kwengoma. Izibonelo imidwebo, icebo okuhlanganisa uhla lwezindawo ukubukwa nge izingxenye ezihlukahlukene ngaphezulu abanekhono uvumele ecacile observation maqondana izingxenye ezahlukene isakhiwo ebumbeneko.

izingxenye okusho yakhoibrium

Omunye ukwambulwa kakhulu Ngalo mqondo, imisebenzi zabalingiswa Velasquez. ibhalansi Ngakho, indalo yakhe emangalisayo, "Ukubuyisela Breda" Akumangalisi kuyofikwa ngokucacile izindawo turbid nokukhanya imibala egqamile kanye hlangothi, inhlanganisela izingxenye ezinkulu kadokotela uhlelo abanekhono.

Isici esiyinhloko kwesiqinti itholakala khona phakathi kwewebhu. Heroes atshalwa nomunye. owawina lo ikhanda kancane ngaphezu kwamakhanda isitha ethintekile ubukeka ibala elikhanyayo kwi amasosha nesithukuthezi isizinda buthuntu futhi wanikeza ogqamile. Isibalo umbusi, nginikeza ukhiye okungokomfanekiso ukunikele edolobheni esewile, bababonisa ku nengemuva elikhanyayo. Ubizwa kancane elimnyama, ubuso bakhe nokuntula a collar white. Lezi kokuqhathanisa usukela kuyo yonke iwebhu.

Omunye umusho idayagonali yakha isikhafu, okuyinto ahlanganiswe owawina ehlombe senyonga kanye nezinye - ifulegi isitha wahlulwa kanye isandla umugqa ngiswa abasemqoka abazizwa. Visual umqondo ukujula isithombe nge ukukhanya imivimbo embalwa - ikhanda wehhashi ngakwesokunxele ombusi kanye white shirt iqhawe eceleni kwakhe.

"Noma Ungakhanda Breda" zimele Umdwebo obonisa imithetho eyisisekelo kwengoma. Equilibrium kwalo ibangelwa kwenaba izikimu eziningana isipikili unikezwa umbono.

isimiso chronotop

Balance lichaza ekwakheni kungabuye ufinyelelwe ngokudweba isithombe izenzakalo kokuqhubeka. Le nqubo kwaba nemiphumela emihle kakhulu ngokusebenzisa abaculi Russian lasendulo. Ngakho, abadwebi Novgorod we ngasekupheleni kweNkathi Ephakathi sidalwe lekubazeni isithombe ngombala, esiqintini eyayisekelwe Battle abadumile kwezinhloko zamaviyo Novgorod kusukela Suzdal. Kulesi umsebenzi, Ukwakheka ezintathu-tiered yasetshenziselwa: ochungechungeni kwamiswa (phansi) ezintathu iphethini ezimele, ngamunye eyabonisa isiwombe esisodwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokuba ngokuqinile eyodwa ngaphezu kwamanye, abakubonisayo isithombe esisodwa.

indlela efanayo futhi akukho ngaphansi ezivamile ukuxazulula izinkinga is dalo of izithombe esiyinhlanganisela zisekelwe ezenzeka ezindaweni ezahlukene futhi ngezinye izikhathi ezahlukene, kodwa kuxhumeke lwendaba olulodwa. Ngokuvamile, isithombe esinjalo nensingo enkulu ngesiqephu emaphakathi phakathi futhi sebuningini izicucu ibekwe emhlabeni. Njengomthetho, le misebenzi basonta iconography uhlobo noma nje ukusebenza izindikimba zenkolo, isibonelo esiphawulekayo elingasebenza njengesibuko useyili Ieronima Boskha.

Ukwakheka kwezobuciko okuhlobisa

Izindlela namasu asetshenziselwa ukudluliswa wokukhulelwa kwezobuciko, ziyehluka kuye ngohlobo yobuciko lapho umlobi isebenza. Yiqiniso, kungase kube efanayo noma kwemithetho jikelele. Nokho, izikebhe ngamunye ethize kakhulu, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ngamunye esebenzisa Ukwakheka kungase kahle sisetshenziswe ngezindlela ezahlukene.

Umdwebo kufanele kube izindlela eziphilayo zemvelo ukuhlanganisa zonke izici, ngaphandle ukunqunywa imibono. Futhi uma indlela yokulibiza standard has njengenye yezinhloso zalo inkohliso ukudluliselwa isikhala ububanzi bayo ukujula, Folk ezobuciko master abukhali ukuze agcizelele impumuzo nemininingwane, besebenzisa amasu lwabo olukhethekile. amasu art zokuhlobisa zihluke izindlela ukwakheka, esetshenziswa abaculi classical. Ngokwesibonelo, landscape njengoba kuboniswe ayinakuboniswa Ukujula kwawo, uhlelo master ngenxa ezindaweni ezikude ngenhla nje abanye. izindlela ezinjalo ziye zasetshenziswa kuhlanganise lasendulo Russian isithonjana abadwebi.

Kungenxa ukucaciseleka yabo nezindlela ezisobala zokuhlobisa futhi isetshenziswa ubuciko iconography abe yisisulu Ucwaningo oluthile ngale eemfundweni ezobuciko emabangeni aphansi. Ngesisekelo uhlelo sifundo, njengoba umthetho, kuhlanganisa incazelo "isigqi" futhi "ifomu" - Izinto ezinika ukulinganisela ukwakheka (Ibanga 2).

Izindlela Ukwakheka

Nezinselele ezibangelwa umdwebi, ngamunye imisebenzi yakhe zidinga isinqumo esifanele kuphela. Ikakhulukazi le kusebenza amasu ezisetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwengoma. Izindlela ezisetshenziswa abashushumbisi ngamunye artist nje ezenzela izinto kufanele ihluke okwakhe nemibono emisha.

Ukuze Ukwakheka imithetho kuhlangatshezwene nakho, kufanele bacabangele izinto eziningi:

• mass echazwe izinto;
• nobukhulu balezi ngamunye (ngesisekelo lesi) indawo yabo eshidini;
• isigqi imigqa nombala smear;
• indlela yokudlulisela umbono lakhe njengomlobi wayo;
• izindlela isikhala kuchazwe.

Lokubaluleke kakhulu liphinde elingakanani ngokucacile sicacisa Silhouettes abalingiswa esekelwe iqoqo upende wonke amaqiniso. Ukwakheka - uhlobo olukhethekile professional umculi oshumayela nguye ophethe ukuwudlulisela umbono ezungeze, izwe, siqu umqondo imibono yethu, inhlangano, isipiliyoni, njll Lezi nemakhono ayalolongwa zonke master ngonyaka ngonyaka ...

Sebenza ukubunjwa

Noma yimuphi umfanekiso art ufundwa umbhali kusengaphambili futhi impela isikhathi eside. Ngiqinisile isakhiwo esifanele nokubunjwa oyindlela ifa amakhono efanayo ekupheleleni. Ngenxa ikhono ukusebenzisa amasu kudingekile ukuba njalo ucije.

Ukuze athobele nebhalansi izakhi eziyisisekelo ukwakheka eshidini, kubalulekile ukuba efaneleyo samanje. Ngisho iphuzu elula, setha phezu ezimhlophe lephepha, kwenza umculi eziningi imibuzo, ngenxa engqondweni ngeke ifane kuye impela lapho uzobe akhiwe. Kungokufanayo uya for nezinye izinto ezisebusweni ngendwangu.

Imithetho eyisisekelo lasetjentiswako Ukwakheka kukhona izithelo umlando enkulu yobuciko. Nokho, kusukela ekhulwini ukuba khulu leminyaka, benza agcwaliswa isipiliyoni ocebile izizukulwane ezintsha abaculi. Ukwakheka amasu uyashintsha, namatemu njalo oluhambisana yokuma amakhosi okudala ngamunye isizukulwane esithile.

Ukudluliswa ibhalansi

Lapho liphinyiselwe wesimethri imininingwane Umdwebo noma ezinye izinto art compositionally olinganiselayo. Njengoba for isithombe azilingani, izakhi zalo ingabekwa isihlobo komunye nomunye njengoba kule-balance sheet kanye off ke. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kukhona uhlu amasu: smear olubanzi ezinemibala egqamile kungenziwa kuhambisana endaweni encane emnyama; counterweight wenza uchungechunge izindawo ezincane ezinkulu t. d one. izingxenye web Ngakho ezahlukene ukulinganisela ngokuya ngosayizi zabo, isisindo, kanye nezinye izici amathoni.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kumele ibhalansiswe hhayi kuphela zezingxenye ezithile (abalingiswa, izinto isikhala ezungeze futhi m. P.), Kodwa futhi therebetween isikhala. Ngesikhathi ibhalansi efanayo compositional akufanele ngisho qhathanisa ne zezibalo kwesibalo amagugu. Ikhono intuitively ukuwuzwa noma unikezwa ngokwemvelo noma kungenziwa lutfutfukiswa ngekuhamba kwesikhatsi ngendlela inqubo Ukusebenza ngokungakhathali. Njengoba for isithombe azilingani, khona-ke isikhungo semantic emaphethelweni isithombe, noma lumane.

Equilibrium Ukwakheka kunoma isiphi isimo incike:

• ukuma lesifanele izingxenye okukhulu wesithombe;
• epulasitikini futhi art Rhythmic ukuloba;
• ngezabelo lapho endwangwini usomqulu ngamunye;
• akhethwe kahle imibala kanye amaphetheni umbala.

design Concept

Equilibrium izakhi eziyisisekelo ukwakheka eshidini kwafinyelelwa ngezingxoxo ngokuqinile ukulalela izimiso eziyisisekelo uxhumano yabo. Eyokuqala zazo (futhi ezisobala kakhulu) kuyafaneleka. Iqiniso lokuthi art isikhala lapho konke subordinated ukuba logic esiqinile, isiyalo futhi ukonga ngokucophelela izindlela engokomfanekiso-bayaxoxa, kudinga ngezinga okucacile nokulandela umzamo umsebenzi othize ususondele. Noma yimuphi umsebenzi kufanele yakhiwe ngamafuphi futhi ufeze ngangokunokwenzeka ngokuya ekudluliseni imibono kanye inhloso umdwebi sika.

Ukwakheka, empeleni kuyinto uxhumano zezinto disparate, sibonga okunekhono hlanganisa them ziqala ukusebenza njengoba ufeze ngangokunokwenzeka athembele mutual ukumela into entsha futhi ezivamile. It ukhuluma ngesimiso bobunye ubuqotho, okumele ilandelwe ngomculi ngamunye. Ukuze uzwisise ukuthi noma ayiphoqwa umthetho phezu ngendwangu, kubalulekile ukususa ngokwengqondo noma iyiphi ingxenye ukubunjwa isithombe. Kuleso simo, uma imiphumela ngalolu zungu akusho jeza phi umonakalo, wena singaphetha kahle ngokuthi isimiso ubuqotho, ngokusobala siyabhubha. I Kungashiwo okufanayo mayelana nalolu shintsho of the ukwakheka izindawo mayelana nokwenza isithombe izakhi ezintsha ezinye.

Ukufinyelela ubunye kanye ubuqotho

Ukuze zonke izimiso ukwakheka kuhlangatshezwene nazo, kufanele izindlela ezilandelayo esetshenziswa:

1. izinto ahambisanayo idlulela, ukhonza ukugcizelela amapulani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ndlela kunikeza umuzwa ojulile futhi isikhala kunikeza umthamo image.
2. Ukugcina ubunye ifomu nobunjalo msebenzi uhilela ngendlela efanayo kanye nesitayela. Imigqa izakhi plastic kufanele kuhlanganiswe nomunye. Imibala ingakhetfwa e ukhiye ofanayo futhi ukuphinda kubo njengoba kudingeka. Kungokufanayo uya ukuthungwa.
3. Ukwakheka kufanele khona generalizes ukuma, lapho umfanekiso-iphethini isixazululo ekhululekile Kufanele zifane.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze kuzuzwe ubuqotho nokulinganisela compositional, kufanele ugcine ukuba ukulandelana esiqinile yezenzo kuzo zonke izigaba zomsebenzi. Ukuze uqale ucabangisise plan umkhiqizo. Ukuthuthukisa zonke timphawu tesakhiwo sokuqanjwa, kubalulekile ukucacisa degree of ukuhlanganisa izingxenye zalo eziyinhloko. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sihlanganise amapulasitiki isithombe, lapho Silhouettes kungaba bese ufaka imininingwane.