Leishmaniasis ezilwaneni: Izimpawu, Sifo Nokuselapha

Leishmaniasis yisifo esithathelanayo kwezilwane odalwe amagciwane intracellular. Lesi silwanyana bohlobo lwe-Leishmania is esithwalwa omiyane. I ukusabalala kwesifo neqhaza kokubili ezincelisayo ezifuyiwe nezasendle. Leishmaniasis kungenzeka visceral noma cutaneous.

omsakazo

Ukuguquguquka kwempilo amagciwane senzeka nge ushintsho abanikazi: ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla, kuhlanganise nabantu, kanye yenethiwekhi - umiyane. Leishmania zinhlobo kwenzeka 2 - flagellated parasitizing izindikimba izinambuzane igazi-abancela futhi bezzhgutikovaya - macrophage e aphethe amaseli.

Okusatshalalisiwe leishmaniasis e ezilwaneni ikakhulukazi umkhuba. Kulokhu, iningi amacala bhalisiwe emaveni lasatfutfuka. Emazweni 32, lesi sifo singumbulali kuncike yokubhalisa saziso.

Ngokokuqala ngqá e i-leishmaniasis isilwane eRussia kwatholakala ngo-1909. Lokhu daba nezinja eCaucasus. Kusukela ngo-2008 kuya ku-2010, 52 amacala lesi sifo ngo izinja ziye bhalisiwe e-Ukraine.

epizootology

Lesi sifo iqala kusukela kwezilwane ezinegciwane noma abantu. Izinambuzane nge bloodsucking uthole amastigote, okuyinto isiqala ukuba ngenkuthalo yokuzalanisa esiswini sakhe. izinsuku 8-10 amastigote siguqulelwa ifomu koda, bagxila kule lezi omiyane nezigaba phambi emathunjini. Ngesikhathi esilandelayo lapho ukuluma yenethiwekhi amagciwane engena kwemithambo yegazi umgogodla baqala ukwanda. Vele ngosuku kuseli kungenzeka izingcezu ezingaphezu kuka-200 amostigot. amaseli ezicinene amagciwane ubhujiswe ngokuphelele, amastigote bayabanjwa ngu amaseli angomakhelwane lapho inqubo iyaphindwa. Ngakho, leishmania kukhona esikhumbeni, umnkantsha, isibindi, izindlala zamanzi noma yimuphi omunye izitho.

Isikhathi bayashintshana ekufukameleni

Kuye ukuma emtholampilo iyisifo ezahlukene. Isikhathi bayashintshana ekufukameleni we-leishmaniasis visceral kungathatha izinyanga 10, ekuthuthukiseni kancane kancane.

Skin leishmaniasis okhula ngokushesha, isikhathi sakho bayashintshana ekufukameleni imfushane kakhulu.

ubufakazi

Izifo izilwane ezithandwa yanoma yimuphi yobudala nobulili. Ngo izilwane ezisencane kusaqalwa akuvamile abonise izimpawu, okuholela ukuxilongwa sekwephuzile, futhi ingxenye enkulu yabantu abashona. Olunye ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi umuntu Lesi sifo siphatha kakhulu izilwane leishmaniasis abaneminyaka engu 3-5.

Leishmaniasis ezilwaneni, izithombe zazo kuyabonakala lapha, oluphethwe isikimu classical, ezithinta zonke izinhlaka futhi amaseli besikhumba saleso silwane.

leishmaniasis Cutaneous iqala ukubonakala ngamaqhubu endaweni esiphathiswa bite. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lezi Izigaxana iyangena izilonda. Lesi sifo siphatha kakhulu ezindaweni isifo eyinhloko ezizungeze amehlo, ibhuloho ekhaleni nezindlebe besikhumba saleso silwane.

Kuleli fomu lesi sifo nolimi bangase babe abavilaphayo ngoba ngonyaka noma ngisho nangaphezulu. Ukufa isilwane kulesigaba ezingavamile kakhulu. leishmaniasis Visceral kwenzeka esinzima nakakhulu: kungaba oyingozi noma ezingamahlalakhona. Uma kukhona noma yiluphi uhlobo imfiva, kukhona ukucindezeleka jikelele isilwane, ezinzima kwesisindo.

Kanyekanye nezinye izimpawu isiguli isilwane athuthukile conjunctivitis, ukuntuleka kwegazi emzimbeni, ukuqunjelwa ngokuvamile baphawula. Kungase kube uhlangothi noma paresis, hemodynamics kakhulu kahle. Kusukela ngaphansi kwethonya umzimba yisinanakazana wabhubhisa kancane, nokungezwani komzimba nezinto noma ayingozi.

Phakathi ukuphindwaphindwa Leishmania isibindi anda, izindlala zamanzi kanye ubende. Ifomu okukhulu lesi sifo ejwayelekile esengeziwe izilwane ezisencane. Ngokuvamile, abantu bayafa ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngemva izimpawu zokuqala zesifo. Ezimweni ezingavamile kwemacala yokutakula.

Ngo-leishmaniasis visceral ngesimo oluqinisayo kancane kancane umzimba ubuthakathaka wesilwane, kukhuphuke ukukhathala. Skin Blanch, isifiso encishisiwe. Kulesi sinyathelo, kungabonwa yiwo wonke palpation ubende lakhulisiwe. A ukwanda okuncane nje kwamazinga okushisa kwenzeka. Uma izinga lokushisa lenyuka kakhulu, kubonisa ukuphakama isifo. Inkambo enjalo sifo ingahlala izinyanga kuze kufinyelele 3.

kwegazi, cachexia ungase uqale ngesikhathi ukuthuthukiswa lesi sifo. Wenzeka izindawo lwamafinyila ehlaselwe necrosis. Ungezwa isifo senhliziyo.

Leishmaniasis ezilwaneni ngesimo isikhumba kwenzeka ezinsukwini ezingu-10-20. Ekuqaleni lapho papule ububanzi of mayelana 3 cm. Ngemva cishe 2 amaviki isivele kungenzeka agcine isikhungo necrotic ezungezwe roller isikhumba ngesinyenyela nge uketshezi ezinkulu. Budebuduze leyshmanomy eyinhloko kwakhiwa uhlevane yesibili jikisa izilonda entsha. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, zonke izifo ihlangana zibe isikhungo esisodwa esikhulu. Ngokwelashwa okufanele futhi ifike ngesikhathi lezi izilonda ukuphulukisa ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, endaweni yabo, kusele izibazi kuphawuleka ukuthi kuyaqabukela linoboya futhi. I namabhampa unezilonda zokwakheka cishe kobuhlungu.

yezinkinga

Ngezinye inkambo ngokwanele eside lesi sifo nengozi enkulu yokuba nephritis, diathesis, inyumoniya, agranulocytosis. awokuthi suppurative necrotizing ukuvuvukala. With lesion abalulekile emzimbeni kungenzeka isitho engelapheki umonakalo umbono.

ukuhlola

Lapho leishmaniasis izifundo ezihlukahlukene ukukhomba ejenti causative. Ngakho, ukuhlaziya igazi eliphelele ingase ibonise ESR kakhudlwana, anaemia hypochromic, lokuhlushwa eliphansi platelet. Biochemistry zembula hypergammaglobulinemia. leishmaniasis Cutaneous ezilwaneni kutholakala ukuthi uphethwe yini ngemva kwemihlambi pathogen kusukela izilonda futhi lamachubu. Visceral Leishmania ezitholakele igazi amasiko. Kwezinye izimo, biopsy senziwa kwezitho ahlukahlukene.

Ngo izifundo epidemiological ukukhiqiza test isikhumba nge leyshmaninom (Montenegro ukuphendula).

Okwamanje, ekuthuthukiseni izindlela ezintsha ukuxilongwa leishmaniasis kusukela nalezo ezitholakalayo okwamanje, zidinga izindleko eziphawulekayo impahla futhi kuthatha isikhathi esiningi.

Izilonda ne-leishmaniasis efana foci at-anthrax carbuncle, ngakho i ukusazi ngokunembile isifo esikuphethe luncanyelwa ukugwema khona ejenti yalesisifo.

ukuba nombono ongafani ngeke

Leishmaniasis e isilwane ngidlula omnene, ngezinye izikhathi aphethe ngokucela yokutakula ezimele. Nge uphethwe esifike ngesikhathi futhi efanele kokungenela yezokwelapha ekunqanyulweni evumayo lesi sifo likhulu kakhulu. Ngezinye sina, uma utheleleke abantu ezifweni ababuthakathaka, ngokungabi bikho Cishe usizo kwemithi ukufa. Leishmaniasis isikhumba njalo ushiya izibazi noma izibazi.

ukwelashwa

izilwane leishmaniasis ziphathwe pentavalent antimony izidakamizwa. Lolu hlobo imithi "Glyukantima", "Solyusurmina" noma "Neostibozana". Lapho ifomu visceral lesi sifo, le mithi iphathwa ngemithambo yegazi phezu izinsuku 7-10 ne ukwenyuka kancane umthamo watusa. Endabeni ka ukusebenza enganele yokwelashwa ukuxhuma "Amphotericin B", okuyinto injected kancane ngemithambo yegazi lihambisana isixazululo 5% glucose.

leishmaniasis Cutaneous ezilwaneni ngendlela efanele usaqala ingelapheka ngokujova hillocks "monomitsin" "Urotopinom". imijovo Eminye eyenziwe okufanayo elangeni amalungiselelo. Uma isilonda ubumbe kakade, ukusebenzisa izindlela esicutshini "Miramistin". Ukuze luhambe ngokushesha uhlelo usezinhlelweni zokuqinisa izilonda, ke Kunconywa ukusetshenziswa ukwelashwa laser.

izindlela Isipele e yilesi sifo manje "Pentamidine" futhi "Amphotericin B", okuyinto inikezwa ezimweni amagciwane ukumelana ukwakhiwa yendabuko noma lokubuya kwesifo nesifo.

Ukuze kwenziwe ngcono ukuphumelela ukwelashwa ingezwe isakhi sokuzakhela interferon gamma zenzelwe ekwelapheni abantu.

Ezimweni ezingavamile, kubalulekile ukwelapha ukususwa ubende surgically.

Naphezu kwazo zonke lezo kuthathwe izinyathelo ukuqeda lesi sifo, ngisho nangemva yokutakula ephelele lwegciwane isilwane kusuka emzimbeni leishmaniasis abakwazi zinyamalale ngokuphelele.

zokuvimbela

Okwamanje, akukho indlela ukuba bagome izilwane nabantu. Ukuze uvikeleke kusuka ukulunywa Phlebotomus ke Kunconywa ukusetshenziswa zinambuzane ekhethekile, yenzelwe ukusetshenziswa wezilwane.

Njengoba nokuvinjelwa leishmaniasis e kwasezindaweni engozini, kwavala isiphetho amasayithi omiyane wenza disinfestation izindawo.

Ekukhombeni sifo ezincelisayo yasekhaya, abanikazi bayo wamukela chemoprophylaxis "pyrimethamine."

Phezu ukuthola lesi sifo izilwane zasendle ukuze kuvinjelwe ukubhujiswa lezi zilwane Kunconywa ukuqedela ekucwileni ezikweletini izinsalela zabo.

Isimo sethu sengqondo abantu

Bangaphezu kuka-350 million okwamanje ingozi yokutheleleka. Foci ka-leishmaniasis chithi phezu izindawo ezinkulu ze-Asia neYurophu. Ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zithwala of leishmaniasis - ophila khona izinambuzane igazi-abancela. Amacala leishmaniasis visceral bhalisiwe e-Ukraine, North Ossetia, emaqeleni YaseCrimea, izintaba of eCaucasus nakwamanye amazwe.

Lesi sifo ayihambi ngokuqondile isilwane ukuze indoda, kodwa uma igciwane prophylaxis lokuqala Kunconywa abantu, ngoba eqinisweni lesi sifo kubonisa khona abathwali yayo.

imiphumela

Leishmaniasis - lawa izifo, okuyinto awakhiqizi amasosha omzimba. Ngenxa yalokho, isilwane esigulayo noma umuntu ikani futhi okwesibili, nesitezi sesithathu. Nokho, izimo ezinjalo ezingajwayelekile kakhulu, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi ama-isilwane angaphila izifo ezingaphezu kuka ezimbili okuphindaphindiwe.

Ukuvimbela yokuphindela izidakamizwa isifo Kunconywa ukwelashwa, ukusebenzisa njalo ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha. Nokho, ukusetshenziswa njalo enjalo kungaholela ukuthuthukiswa ukumelana umzimba nemiphumela anobuthi.

Ngemva isifo isilwane sidinga nokuvuselelwa eside, njengoba kwaba njalo endabeni ka-ukususwa esinqunyiwe noma ephelele izidumbu kumele surgically ukudla.

Leishmaniasis ezilwaneni - kuyingozi enkulu futhi isifo kunganakekile, ngakho abahlala ezindaweni ezabe zincishwe amathuba kufanele ngokucophelela ziqashwe isilwane ukuze ukubonakala izimpawu zokuqala (noma izinsolo isifo) ukuba ngesikhathi ukunikeza usizo oludingekayo.