Arkhangelsk Region labantu: usayizi kanye kwabantu

Arkhangelsk esifundeni - isifunda lapho isendaweni enyakatho Russian Federation futhi iyona ngobukhulu esifundazweni. Le yunithi lekambiso, Ubukhulu elikhulu kunawo wonke eYurophu. Futhi labantu Arkhangelsk esifundeni - omunye omdala kuleli zwe. Yingakho umlando emzaneni kuyinto ngempela ezithakazelisayo futhi engenakulibaleka.

umbiko weShadi leNzungezo

Njengoba sekushiwo, labantu Arkhangelsk esifundeni lahlelwa kudala. Kodwa namuhla, kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi ezakhamuzi zokuqala ezahlala kulezi zindawo yaqala ukubonakala ngesikhathi lapho loMfula zamaqhwa kuphela gone.

abavubukuli Modern wathola indawo ukuba amasayithi zabantu lasendulo. Ososayensi baye basikisela ukuthi idethi yokukhokha emuva Paleolithic. Savages ahlala Pechora River, lapho manje Nenets Autonomous District. Futhi izinto ezingavamile wangaleyo nkathi ezitholakala sifinyelela phakathi Northern Dvina. Manje kuba endaweni ephakathi nasemizaneni Ichkovo Stupino.

Ephakathi Stone Age emelelwa yokupaka, okuyinto inegama Yavronga-1. Leli gama ithole ngokusebenzisa emfuleni, eduze kwayo sasikhona.

Kuphinde futhi kube labantu omdala Arkhangelsk esifundeni wawusegunjini Solovki. Yokupaka Solovki-21, angu-4 Solovetskaia futhi iminyaka Muksalma-6 ezingaphezu kuka eyizinkulungwane eziyisithupha.

New Stone Age kuye kwasusa umgoqo kuqhathaniswa nangenkathi odlule. Ukuthuthukiswa kwathinta abakhileyo ke yesimanje Arkhangelsk esifundeni. Kwatholakala ukuthi inqwaba zokuhlala babe Modlona uthayiphe sesihlasela ingxenye eseningizimu ye esifundeni. Phakathi kwezilimo, ukuthuthukisa kule ndawo, singakwazi uqaphele Pechora futhi Dvina Kargopolskaya.

Inkathi lokuzalwa impucuko libhekene ukubukeka izizwe zakwa Sami. Babehlala iningizimu-west coast iWhite Sea.

Abavubukuli bathola ukuphola kusuka esifanayo, i sokukhanda yensimbi. He is endala kunawo wonke eYurophu.

Pomor umhlaba

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, labantu Arkhangelsk esifundeni esibizwa Pomor. Laba ngabantu abahlala emazweni enyakatho. Indawo nemizana yayo eduze kolwandle kwaholela umsebenzi. Empeleni, bakhona wahlanganyela lokudoba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ogwini-okuthile abantu basemadolobheni abangavamile ezingelwa Ziyalima ezweni futhi wawufuye izinkomo. Kodwa ukuthuthukiswa eyinhloko emzimbeni amanzi wahlala. Kwaphela amakhulu eminyaka, izimfihlo Kwabekwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane. amatilosi abanolwazi ukwenza uhambo oLwandle uBarents. Bona badoba e ezinzima sezulu enyakatho. Futhi nemizana kwahluka ngu ngezisebenzi, ababehileleke ithambo eqoshwe.

Ezikhathini zasendulo, abakhileyo emazweni Pomeranian babe izizwe Finnish-Ugric. Khona-ke, kuze kube kwekhulu leshumi, lwamaSlav kuxazululwe phezu Insimu Onega kanye White Lake.

Rus lasendulo

Esikhathini kusuka nanye kuya kweleshumi nane, emaphethelweni isiko ishintshile. Endaweni ezinzima ogwini-okuthile abantu basemadolobheni abangavamile ukudoba wabo wafika abelusi ayimizulane.

Umphakathi we Arkhangelsk Lesigodzi sikhule kakhulu kusukela ekuqaleni mass kufuduka nokuguqulwa zabantu ezindaweni enyakatho kwamandla. Le nqubo waqhutshelwa Ukuhlasela amaningana amaMongol AmaTatar. Isibalo kwezakhamuzi ezweni Pomeranian Podvinska anda izikhathi eziningana.

Kwase kuzoqala igagasi imibhikisho

Ngekhulu leshumi nesithupha Arkhangelsk laqanjwa isimemezelo ku ukwakhiwa itshe. Lokhu kwakubangelwa imililo njalo ukuthi ayeseshumayele ezindaweni omkhulu ezenzekayo lokhuni.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo esifundeni, kwakusondela igagasi lokushisekela nezibhelu. Ngu ubudala bakholwe ukunyakaza bajoyine inqwaba North. Abalimi abaningi baye benza umkhuba wokuzilimaza immolation. Ngaleyo minyaka, amakhaya mayelana amathathu nesikhombisa, zabulala abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili sabhalwa. Esinye sezenzakalo kunazo owaziwa kwaba okubizwa ngokuthi "esihlalweni Solovetsky." Kubahlanganyeli nesinyathelo "razintsy" ngokwabo Pomerania.

ukwakhiwa port

A negalelo elikhulu izakhamuzi eziningi futhi esifundeni sisonke wathi uPetru I. efika e Arkhangelsk, owayezoba inkosi yakwa wayehlala emzini izinyanga ezimbili. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi wafundiswa ke ngazo zonke izindlela, wahlangana nebhizinisi lomkhumbi. Peter nganikeza umfutho omkhulu ekuthuthukiseni shipbuilding enyakatho. Eminyakeni eyalandela, ne wokwakha igceke lemikhumbi, eyasungulwa, imikhumbi engaphezu kwamakhulu amahlanu ezaqaliswa. Kwakumelwe ikakhulukazi kwathunyelwa imikhumbi.

Le ndawo Ugcwalise izakhamuzi nezinye izifunda. Lokhu kwakubangelwa yokuthi kwakukhona liyanda Arkhangelsk esifundeni ngenxa "ukubhida senkosi." Ayeyisizwe ukuhweba ngemikhumbi. Imbobo umuzi wawuyigolide ukuya imikhumbi engaphezu kwamakhulu amabili. Lesi sakamuva kwaholela yokuthi ekuqaleni kwekhulu nesishiyagalombili, wathola isimo Arkhangelsk sifundazwe isikhungo.

Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukunakwa uPetru ngase bashintshele dolobha entsha. Manje, eSt Petersburg kanye nezinye nezimbobo Baltic ayenakekela zonke ukuhweba ethengisa.

Ekhulwini nesishiyagalombili Arkhangelsk uthola isimo echwebeni lempi. Kancane kancane, ke savuka futhi ukuhweba izibopho. Isinqumo uCatherine II ngamalungelo ukuhweba alinganayo Petersburg Arkhangelsk kuye kwaholela imvuselelo phakathi kwemiphakathi yasemadolobheni.

Kodwa isimo sashintsha phakathi nekhulu-nesishiyagalolunye. Kanye shoaling yeNyakatho Dvina esifundeni weza yokwenqatshwa. A imvuselelo elincane bafika emazweni enyakatho kuphela emva ukwakhiwa zinomsebenzi kwaloliwe. Nokho kule ndawo ezolimo ampofu, ngakho indlala kwaba engumngane kwaphakade bendawo.

IKHULU lamashumi amabili

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili wonke Arkhangelsk esifundeni - lo muzi, esikhundleni sabantu - eziye zabhekana izinguquko ezinkulu. Phakathi Yombango, insimu enyakatho yeRussia ayengaphansi kokulawula kwe-Entente kanye White Army. kwamiswa Northern esifundeni. Yaba incwadi sokuqondisa Arkhangelsk.

Ngo-1919, i-emakamu okusebenza kanzima kwamiswa isifunda.

Eminyakeni emibili kamuva kwafika Komi Autonomous Region. Isifunda entsha ihlanganisa Arkhangelsk naseNorthern Dvina Governorate.

iminyaka Ngisho nangemva eziyisikhombisa zingamabandla sifundazwe wase-USSR njengoba Arkhangelsk, Vologda naseNorthern Dvina kuye kwahlanganiswa. iqoqo kwabo Northern Territory. Kodwa insimu yalo lahlukaniswa laba izifunda eziyisihlanu:

• Ingelosi Eyinhloko;
• Vologda;
• Nenets, sokuqondisa - the Telvisochnoe emzaneni;
• Nyandoma;
• Severodvinsk, sokuqondisa - the Ustyug Omkhulu.

Esikhathini esifanayo Nenets National Indawo yasungulwa. Wawunamabhodi izingxenye ezintathu - Kanin-Timan, Bolshezemelskaya futhi Pustozersk.

Northern Region Ezemfundo

Ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi, i-Komi Autonomous Republic wathola isimo Komi Republic kanye Northern Territory waba Northern Region, okuyinto ngonyaka kamuva yahlukaniswa yaba Arkhangelsk futhi Vologda. Northern Territory lalinabashumayeli izifunda amabili nesikhombisa:

• Berezniki;
• Belsky;
• Verkhnetoemsky;
• Vilegodsky;
• Emetsk;
• Kargopolsky;
• Karpogory;
• Konosha;
• Kotlas;
• Krasnoborsky;
• Lalsk;
• Yelena;
• Leshukonsky;
• Mezensky;
• Nyandom;
• Onega;
• Oparinskogo;
• Pinezhsky;
• Plesetsk;
• Podosinovskogo;
• Primorye;
• Priozernaya;
• Rovdinskogo;
• Ustyansky;
• holmogorskogo;
• Cherevkovskogo;
• Shenkursky.

Phakathi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe wayengomunye walaba Arkhangelsk esifundeni, lapho amaNazi Awungenile. Kodwa abaningi Northerners ezimpini ezinkulu. Ikakhulukazi asebenzayo kwagcina iNorthern Fleet.

ngemva kwempi

Eminyakeni yangemva kwempi, esifundeni iye kancane kancane. Ukwakhiwa kwezimboni kanye nasekuthuthukisweni kwezwekazi lase umkhakha wenzé ukukhiqizwa ku Arkhangelsk esifundeni ngomshini ngaphezulu, umsebenzi umshini indawo ngokuphelele bhukwana.

Njengoba sixties, amandla eziyinkimbinkimbi sidaliwe endaweni baqala kwenziwe ukuhlola, ezolimo babese isisekelo ezimbonini. Isibalo izakhamizi anda, isibonelo, labantu Arkhangelsk esifundeni ngo-1964 zaba abantu abangaphezu kuka-1.3 million. Ngo-1987 inani abakhileyo kwakukhona kakade abayizigidi ezingu-1.5.

ukwakheka kaZwelonke

Umphakathi we Arkhangelsk esifundeni ngo-2016 libhekene multiethnicity yayo. Umlando ushiye izibazi abantu bakula mazwe enyakatho. Kodwa nakuba kukhona abamele bezizwe ezihlukahlukene kakhulu, iningi bendawo - Russian. iphesenti Russian sebebonke kuyinto 96%.

Zonke ezinye 108 bezizwe, abameleli okuyinto bahlala endaweni Arkhangelsk esifundeni, afakwe ezine per cent. Phakathi kwabo, base-Ukraine kuyizinto eziningi kakhulu. Isikhundla yesibili wabelane Nenets futhi Belarusians. Abaholi futhi engqongqoza Komi, AmaTatar futhi Azerbaijanis.

Arkhangelsk esifundeni labantu yokubala abantu futhi wabonisa ukuthi ungakwazi ukuhlangabezana abameleli ezingavamile, abantu ngisho esiyingqayizivele esifundeni. It Abaza, Veps Megrels, Gagauz, Izhors, abase-Asiriya, Uighurs futhi Tabasaran.

Eminyakeni yamuva, isibalo sabantu abangakwazi iziveze Pomor kwehle ngokuphawulekayo. Kusukela ngo-2000 futhi isibalo sawo yehlile kathathu namuhla. Kodwa lokhu kungenxa kuphela lokuzibusa. Izakhamuzi eziningi nje wanquma ahlukanisa ngokwabo ngesiRashiya.

inhlanganiso sabantu

I kwabantu of labantu Arkhangelsk esifundeni, naphezu insimu yalo enkulu sincane kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa kwezimo ezingezinhle zezulu, ngenxa yalokho, outflow zabantu. Izakhamuzi kuthiwa Ukuboshelwa kakhulu yasakazwa kulo lonke ensimini. Ubuningi olukhulu kakhulu nasemkhakheni eningizimu arhangeltsev prizheleznodorozhnoy band. I okungenani enabantu futhi Leshukonsky Mezensky izindawo, okuyizinto abantu 0.3 square kilometre ekhaya. Lokhu kukhombisa ukutholakala ongaphakeme kwezokulapha. I kwabantu isilinganiso labantu Arkhangelsk sifunda 2.1 abantu square kilometre.

Isimo lokubala ubuningi babantu

Ubuningi omkhulu wabantu lingumuzi Arkhangelsk esifundeni. Ngokuya labantu elikhulu kunawo wonke kukhona Arkhangelsk, Severodvinsk, Kotlas futhi Naryan-Mar.

Nokho, kuso sonke isifunda kukhona iphethini efanayo, libhekene depopulation. Inani labantu ababulawa ubusa ngaphezu Inombolo kwezinsana. Nakuba eminyakeni yamuva isimo esehlelembe off kancane ngenxa yokuthi isibalo sabesifazane yokuzala.

Ukumikiswa abathintekayo ikakhulukazi zokusebenza yobudala labantu. Kodwa inani Ukufika lingaphansi kunenani abamshiyayo.

I kwemiphakathi yasemadolobheni kuyinto ezimbili kwezintathu sebebonke we Arkhangelsk esifundeni.

Ngu isilinganiso ubulili cishe amashumi amahlanu, anamanci mahlanu.

Izinga lokungasebenzi kule Arkhangelsk esifundeni kuyafana isilinganiso eRussia. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ezingeni amaholo ngenxa yezimo ezinzima zezulu yesifunda, liphansi kakhulu.

Inombolo ephelele abakhileyo Arkhangelsk sifunda manje kufana abantu 1.129.908.