Anna Akhmatova sika "Requiem": ukuhlaziya umkhiqizo

Pilo lo imbongi Russian kuhlangene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa isiphetho ezweni lakubo. Ngo izinkondlo zakhe kulula ukulandela, kokuqina kahle ngesihibe we kombuso wobushiqela kanye horror ngaphezulu akhishwa. Kwakuphakathi leyo minyaka esibi, futhi le nkondlo yadalwa, lapho wonke u-Anna Akhmatova wavula - "Requiem". Ukuhlolwa kwaleli umkhiqizo ukuqala, ngesikhathi kubhalwa. Kusukela ngo-1935 kuya onyakeni 1940. Kwathatha iminyaka engu-eziyisithupha ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ugcwalise senkondlo, futhi njalo ngonyaka, inyanga nosuku abangu saphuziswa usizi nokuhlupheka.

Inkondlo siqukethe izahluko ahlukahlukene, futhi ngamunye kubo has umbono wabo. Kukhona epigraph, okuyinto kwandulelwe "Requiem" Akhmatova sika. Uhlaziyo yalezi imigqa embalwa embula ukuthi kungani Anna bhunkula bono ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe ezivela eRussia. Amazwi athi "nganginaye abantu bami, lapho abantu bami, ngeshwa, waba" e brilliant kancane akhombisa angabhekani nosizi lokukhulelwa bangaleso sikhathi. Ngokuthakazelisayo, epigraph yabhalwa engamashumi amabili nanye ngemuva senkondlo, ngo-1961, ngemva "uyise izizwe" sokufa.

Isahluko "Esikhundleni somoya Isandulela" futhi sihlehlela emuva 1957 .. Poet kubhekwe ukuthi isizukulwane esisha alizibonanga ezethusayo "Yezhov ukwesaba" ukwesaba inkathi Beria, indaba uhlala akucacile. INdodana Anna, Lva Gumilova, kwathi amathathu aboshwa eminyakeni. Kodwa hhayi ngokuphathelene nosizi lwakhe siqu ekutshela Akhmatova. "Requiem", ukuhlaziya kumele kwenziwe ukuze ubonise izingqimba ezijulile we Poetics yaleyo minyaka, isitshela indaba entabeni, "okuyinto ekhala abantu stomilonny."

Akhmatova e eqinile, kulinganiswa njengoba hum emingcwabeni ikhala imigqa ugwala portrait zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa: omama abaningi, abafazi, odade kanye omakoti emi emigqeni ewindini ejele ukuyidlulisela obathandayo umphako artless, futhi izingubo ezifudumele. Isitayela kanye nosayizi kulo lonke lyrical umjikelezo ushintsho: ke anapaest trehstopny, ivesi yokuzikhethela, ferrets chetyrehstopnym. Akumangazi, ngoba wadala Akhmatova sika "Requiem". Ukuhlolwa kwaleli inkondlo ivumela kufana ngokuphawulekayo nalokho okwenzeka ngqo ucezu umculo by Mozart, owabhala ingoma yokulila yomngcwabo ikhasimende okungaziwa abamnyama.

Njengasekugumbuqelweni "Requiem" ngqondongqondo umqambi, enkondlweni kwaba ikhasimende. Inhloko "Ukuzinikezela" Kulotshweni temibhalo yephrozi. Umfundi ufunda ukuthi lokhu zakazchitsa - "owesifazane ngezindebe blue", emi emgqeni okufanayo Akhmatova eLeningrad esiphambanweni iwindi. "Ukuzinikezela" futhi "Ukungena" futhi igcizelele ububanzi yokucindezelwa laqothula izwe: "Uphi intombi unwitting ... iminyaka onobudlova?". Eziyishumi izahluko ezilandelayo, ezibizwa ngokuthi "umusho", "Ukuze Ukufa" nesithi "The Crucifixion", waphinda ngigcizelele ukuthi ubufuna ukudala "Requiem" Akhmatova sika. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Umngcwabo siyohlala njalo ezingqondweni ugqozi Kristu nonina ufulawa - yimuphi umama.

"Epilogue", okuyinto iphela umkhiqizo, kubaluleke kakhulu. Kukhona imbongi waphinda ukhumbula abesifazane abaningi nge esidlule kuye kulo lonke nemibuthano esihogweni, futhi unika uhlobo itestamente lyrical: "Uma kwenzeka kuleli lizwe sokwakha Sikanina lesikhumbuzo kimi ... [mnike wakubeka phambi« Kresty »ejele] lapho ngimi khona amahora ezingamakhulu amathathu, elingazange ukuvula ibha kimi. " Ukuhlaziywa izinkondlo Akhmatova sika, imisebenzi kabani isikhathi eside abo angalotshwanga ephepheni (ngoba bakwenze kungasenza umhlaba), kodwa kuphela okwenziwa yi inhliziyo, esanyatheliswa ngokugcwele ngesikhathi yokwakha kabusha kuphela, lisitshela ukuthi uma nje intando imbongi asizange sigcwaliseke, futhi lesikhumbuzo ngeke avuke "isiphambano" ka kobushiqela isithunzi ngeke hang phezu zwe.