Anatoly Efros - ifilimu kweSoviet futhi umqondisi yaseshashalazini. Biography, lokusungula

Efros Anatoliy vasilevich (iminyaka yokuphila - 1925-1987) - Soviet umqondisi ifilimu futhi uthisha. Ngo-1976 wathola isihloko Umculi ahlonishwe we RSFSR.

Umsuka futhi ekuqaleni iminyaka

Anatoly wazalwa ngo laseKharkov, Juni 3, 1925. Umndeni wakhe ingeyona imvelo ezigcawugcawu. Abazali Anatoly wayesebenza esikhumulweni i ifektri izindiza. Noma kunjalo, ngokuzayo umqondisi ebuntwaneni uyakuthanda yaseshashalazini. Yayithanda Stanislavsky, funda mayelana ukunandisa kwakhe. Ngemva kokuphothula umatikuletsheni, Anatoly waqala ukufundelwa eMoscow. Uma elapho, wayeya esikoleni Theatre. EMoscow City Council.

Ukutadisha e GITIS

Efros Anatoliy vasilevich ngo-1944 wangena GITIS ku ukuqondisa umnyango (Yiqiniso M. O. Knebel, ne-NV Petrova). Ngo-1950 wathola iziqu nge-honours. Ukuthweswa iziqu ukusebenza Anatoly Vasilyevich - "ePrague ingeyami", adalwe idayari ejele Yu Fucik. Ukukhethwa kwe-master kanye Yiqiniso, ekugcineni kwahlaluka ukuthi nginenhlanhla ngoba Efros: Knebel, uthisha omkhulu nomfundi ka Stanislavsky, wakwazi ukunikela kwakhe ikhono ukuqonda ezicashile yaseshashalazini ngokwengqondo. Ngokuba ukuphila kwakhe konke Anatoliy wahlala izimisele art "nakho." Waba nekuticambela reworked uhlelo Stanislavsky, kanye nezindlela zayo ngezibulo umlingisi.

Ukusebenza lokuqala umsebenzi CDT

Anatoly ukubeka ukusebenza bakhe bokuqala kuleli Ryazan yaseshashalazini, futhi ngo-1954 wamiswa njengombonisi umqondisi omkhulu we-Moscow Central Wezingane Theatre. CDT (manje Youth Theatre) lapho Efros waqala nesigaba ukusebenza hhayi kuphela izingane. Nakhu kufika nabalingisi abasebasha, esimagama kamuva benziwa esiteji abadumile Russian: Oleg Tabakov, Oleg Efremov, Lev Durov. Futhi Anatoly Efros wasiza embule ithalente. Kungenxa MDG ngo-1950 wabeka izimiso eziyinhloko zale nkundla omusha wezwe lakithi.

Nge igama V Rozov (isikhungo esesithombeni), umlobi wemidlalo yaseshashalazini, xhumanisa Usuqhubekile ebalulekile imisebenzi ekuqaleni we Anatoly Vasilyevich (esesithombeni ngakwesokunxele), kanye yaseshashalazini Russian ngokuvamile. Kuningi nemidlalo okuhleliwe yilo kumbhali Efros: ngo-1957 - "Ukuthola Injabulo", ngo-1960 - "impi ngokungalingani", ngo-1962 - "ngaphambi kwesidlo." Kamuva, ngenkathi usebenza Anatoly Vasilyevich yaseshashalazini Lenin Komsomol ke ngo-1964 kwaboniswa "usuku inkazimulo," futhi ngo-1972, ethiyetha ku Malaya Bronnaya Premiere "Umfowenu Alyosha" by Fedoru Dostoevskomu. I CDT omunye ukusebenza lokuqala Anatoly Vasilyevich kwaba play ngo-1955, "Inhlanhla!" (Pink). Kwakuthandeka kakhulu ukubonana nomqondisi O. Efremov. Yiqiniso, lokhu ukusebenza waba nesandla ekuthuthukiseni umqondo wegama elithi "Contemporary", ethandwa kakhulu ngo-1950, kodwa leyo ndawo yeshashalazi Russian. Yavula ngemva kweminyaka emibili play "Eternally Alive" Pink okuhleliwe Efrayimi. Yiqiniso, Efros angabhekwa omunye wabasunguli of the weshashalazi. Ubufakazi obengeziwe lokhu - yokuthi Anatoly wafaka "Contemporary" omunye ukusebenza kuqala - "Akekho" (E. De Filippo) ULidiya Tolmacheva no-Efrayimi.

phenomenon Efros

Lo mkhuba Efros, owaphelezelwa Kumqondisi cishe ukuphila kwakhe konke (ngaphandle ngesikhathi sesifundo sokugcina wakhe) kwakuwukuthi udumo lwakhe kwakungelona omkhulu futhi elikhulu. Anatoly kwakungelona kushaqise noma umqondisi "imfashini". Nakuba amanye amagama ngokomzwelo - O. Efremov (ngo-1960), Yuri Lyubimov (in the 1970). Yibona namaqhawe (futhi kube kufanele,) yaseshashalazini izilaleli kahle leyo minyaka. Nokho, igunya okudala Anatoly Efros phakathi ochwepheshe (abaqondisi, abalingisi, ababhali bemidlalo baxgeki) laliphezulu kakhulu. Yiqiniso, ukusebenza kwakhe leyo micimbi yaba yimpumelelo nezethameli, bona ngenjabulo wabukela futhi abathandwa abaningi. Nokho, ukuze siliqonde ngokugcwele zonke emisha kanye nokujula we "ongaphakeme omningi 'emqondisa Anatoly Vasilyevich ayengakwenza nje izisebenzi base bekhulile ngaphakathi enkundleni yemidlalo. Kuyinto ephawulekayo ukuthi cishe yonke abadlali, owayesebenza kanye Efros, ukhumbula wasebenzisa lokhu kubambisana njengoba injabulo yangempela. Izinga eliphansi kakhulu ukuqashelwa, mhlawumbe aphakeme - hhayi nje babe eside phakathi nokuphila umqondisi odumile, kodwa futhi yetinsita ozakwabo ngubani ngokuvamile hhayi kakhulu esithambekele kukho ukulinganisela nomdlandla yomphakathi.

Natalia Krymov futhi Anatoly Efros

Kusukela umqondisi ekolishi omkhulu A. Efros kanye idrama engcono yaseshashalazini umhlaziyi 1960-80-yalolucwaningo N. Krymov babe esilandelayo. umfelandawonye awuzange kuphela kushada, kwaba Ngohlelo enamandla okudala, inquma isiphetho kweminyaka eminingi yaseshashalazini Russian. Bathola indodana, Dmitry, owaba umqondisi kanye esiteji umklami.

Sebenza Theatre. Lenin Komsomol

Anatoly Efros wakwazi ukwenza CDT ethandwa. Ngemva kwalokho wamiswa ethiyetha. Lenin Komsomol umqondisi omkhulu (ngo-1963). Lokhu yaseshashalazini ubhekene nezikhathi ezinzima ke. Buyela uthando izilaleli ayenakho Efros - ukubala ngalolo uMnyango Wamasiko. A lonke Umthala abadlali abanamakhono yabuthelwa ngaphansi banner Anatoly Vasilyevich. Amagama abo ngokushesha eyaduma lonke ethiyetha eMoscow ngo abaningi ezicini sibonga le umqondisi abanamakhono, Anatoly Efros. Futhi Olga Yakovleva futhi A. Zbruev, nezinye abaculi abaziwayo (A. Dmitriev, Yu Kolychev, M. Derzhavin, A. Shirvindt, V. Larionov, L. Durov nabanye.) Thokozela ithandwa enkulu. Isibukeli emuva ethiyetha. izenzakalo Real babe ukusebenza abaningi, phakathi kwabo: 1964 "Ngosuku lomshado" futhi "Amakhasi 104 ngothando", 1965 "My Kubi Marat" futhi "wenza ifilimu ...", 1966 - "We-seagull" futhi "Moliere" . idrama Lyrical Efros (hhayi isikhulumi!) Ukuze idrama wesimanje (Radzinsky, pink, ikhabe) babe sibaqaphelisise. Bakhandwa clotted izinkinga ekuphileni nezazi isikhathi, ecabanga ukuthi iyiphi indawo inikezwe muntu emphakathini. Nokho, akukho zihlobane kukhona isitatimende zakudala Anatoly Vasilyevich, futhi lokhu naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ngobudlova "sesimanje" kwakungeyona kuzo. Lokhu kwabangela ukunganeliseki. Anatoly Efros isuswe kusukela ubuholi kuletiyetha ngo-1967.

Efros baba umqondisi ethiyetha ku Malaya Bronnaya

Waba umqondisi olandelayo manje ethiyetha ku Malaya Bronnaya. Nokho nesizotha isikhundla akazange akuvimbele ukukhandwa yokuthi ethiyetha ngokushesha ngemva kokufika kwabakhi Anatoly Vasilyevich yase yaziwa ngokuthi "Efros nkundla." Akukhona nje zonke neminyaka engu-17-ke lokhu umqondisi yangithwala igama lakhe, kodwa eminyakeni eminingi kamuva. Le minyaka engu-17 ukube Anatoly Efros ujabule, nakuba kunzima. Uhlangothi oluhle okuthunyelwe olandelayo kwaba ukuthi kwenza ukuba kwenyuswe gxila emkhakheni wabo.

Efros ezungezwe isixuku esikhulu - kusukela Lenkoma ngemva kwakhe kuhamba ezinye abadlali. Zonke kulabo ababesebenza Anatoly Vasilyevich, babezibheka ngabafundi bakhe, ngisho nalabo abangazange ukufundelwa GITIS ku busebenze (ayebafundisa khona ngezikhathi ezithile kusukela ngo-1964). Malaya Bronnaya wasebenza kanyekanye V Gaft, L. Durov, A. Yakovlev, N. volkov, M. Shirvindt, Bronevoy L., L. Round, M. Derzhavin, A. Dahl, A. uPetrenko, S. Lyubshin, E . Korenev, uMnu Martyniuk, Saifulin G., M. Kanev. Iminyaka Engu ngokubambisana neNhlangano Efros kwabaningi babo kwaba lezinkanyezi ngempela. Kancane kancane, kodwa leyo ndawo yeshashalazi, esisogwini Malaya Bronnaya, elaba isikhungo kokuphila okungokomoya inhlokodolobha - futhi lokhu naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kwakukhona Taganka. Imisebenzi Anatoliya Efrosa kwakuzwakala counterpoint zinesisindo futhi esicacile ngemisebenzi yakhe. umqondisi Theatre A. Efros kwaba umculi, hhayi sezombusazwe. ezivamile wakhe akhona kuze kube phakade.

Ubuhlobo Yuri Lyubimov

Ngo-1970, ubudlelwano Efros futhi Darling (ngenhla) babe yenkampani nokuhloniphekile. Anatoly Efros 1973 okuhleliwe ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi "Vele amagama ambalwa evikela Mnumzane de Moliere". Iqhaza main kuwo kudlalwa Lyubimov. Lokho kubanika, ababemenyelwe yaseshashalazini ku Taganka Efros nesigaba play "I Cherry Orchard." nakho okusha wanika abadlali tagankovskim kulo.

Imisebenzi ka nemidlalo yakudala kanye wesimanje okuhleliwe ethiyetha ku Malaya Bronnaya

Isitatimende ku Malaya Bronnaya waba legend kweqiniso - ikakhulukazi zakudala. "Romeo and Juliet:" "Three Sisters," "Othello," "umshado," "A Inyanga Ezweni", "Don Giovanni", "Umfowenu Alyosha" - ngamunye wabo kwaba umbukwane yesimanje futhi ezingalindelekile, wembula entsha ngayinye amalungu ayo facets ithalente lakhe. Nokho Theatre Anatoly Efros ekunqobeni kwakhe sina kwezobuciko kusebenza ukusebenza agqoke play yesimanje "Old Arbat inganekwane," "Happy Days indoda abajabulile", "Theatre Umqondisi", "Ihlobo Intuthu", "Umuntu kusuka", njll . Anatoly wasebenza eziningi kule nkathi phezu ithelevishini, ngifuna izindlela ezintsha yokukhuluma. Wabuye wabhala lukhulu ephepheni kokungathembeki abacabanga ngekusasa nezamanje zale nkundla.

imidlalo zezombusazwe

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi A. Dunaev ubesebenza ethiyetha ku umqondisi oyinhloko Malaya Bronnaya, yena kakhulu asekelwe, Efros ukusebenza zivame sinqatshiwe. Nokho, Anatoly bebengazama ukuphila, ngokuqinile ukugwema, sengathi oblivious kuze the imidlalo zezombusazwe ezibhekwa babengasasifanelekeli yaseshashalazini. hhayi umqondisi Efros imele. Yesimanjemanje imikhiqizo yakhe yafinyelelwa ngokusebenzisa izinkinga ayiphakamisa yokusesha ye nezazi, isithombe kwalokho zaziya. Ngu umqondisi maphakathi nawo-70 Anatoly Efros laqala ukuhlonishwa ngendlela njengoba ahlaza. Emazwini akhe phezu wesimanje indaba ephathwayo kwakulula ukuthola kungabhekisela kwezenhlalo nakwezombangazwe - babenqatshelwe, isibonelo, "oyengela ebulilini Kokobashkin". Nokho, the zabuna kwakungelula ngakho - futhi Anatoly Efros waqala ukusola lokuthi obuhlanekezela ke. Umsebenzi ku Malaya Bronnaya Street Wagcina ngandlela-thile umqondisi esiteji umsebenzi.

iminyaka Hard yomsebenzi ngesikhathi Taganka Theatre

Kogan, umqondisi yemidlalo, ngo-1983, impi Efros. Ngo-1984, Anatoly ngakwesobunxele sakhe. Nokho, it is hhayi nje kwesokunxele - Efros zasebenza umqondisi Taganka Theatre abakhulu, kulesi sikhundla ngu esikhundleni Yuri Lyubimov. okukhulu Ikakhulukazi kwaba ngokunembile ngalesi sikhathi zokuphila kwakhe. Anatoly lalihlale ngandlela-thile esehudulelwa imidlalo yezombusazwe, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi wayehlale ukuzigwema. Ngokokuqala ngqá ukusebenza yakhe waqala ahlolwe kwi social kunokuba nenqubo kwezobuciko.

isiphetho Kunzima elindelwe umqondisi Anatoly Efros. Umlando wakhe ngalesi sikhathi buboniswa ngokuba angisizwanga kahle isisebenzi engxenyeni osebenza nabo. Umqondisi amasha asendlunkulu yaseshashalazini bengalamukeli. Ngokuqinisekile wadlala indima lapha, kanye isilinganiso Yuri Lyubimov, owamthola ekufikeni isiteleka-breaking of Efros. Lyubimov uye akuveza wamemezela ukuthi uzakwabo wenza "sokukhaphela." Tagankovskie Bambalwa abadlali baye bakwazi ukwenza ngokuvumelana nayo Efros - Smekhov V, V. Zolotukhin, A. Demidov. Abanye baye bamemezela bazoyiduba abanolaka. izindlela okunganambitheki Iningi umzabalazo wangenela. Through the ukumelana yonke qembu zazinikezwa ukusebenza lokugcina Anatoly Vasilyevich - ". Beautiful ngeSonto for a epikinikini" "I Cherry Orchard," "I Misanthrope," "I-Lower Ngokujula", abahlanganyeli abaningi kule mpi kamuva bathi babekhuluma iphutha. Nokho, lokhu kwenzeka kamuva kakhulu.

Ukufa A. Efros

Anatoly Efros, January 13, 1987, wabulawa isifo senhliziyo. Namuhla, igama Anatoly Vasilyevich waba yingxenye yomlando yobuciko waseshashalazini yezwe, kuhlanganise ezifana amagama omkhulu njengoba K. S. Stanislavsky, V. E. Meyerhold, E. B. Vahtangov, A. Ya. Tairov.