Amazinga okokuqandisa yamanzi - ???

Water ... Ungakanani lo izwi. Ngezinye izikhathi kangaka ngifuna ngcono ngale ndlela imbongi! Ngempela, amanzi - emagama lafanako ukuphila. Lesi sitatimende kuyiqiniso izakhamuzi ogwini ocean, nakwabakhileyo ogwadule. Izakhiwo yamanzi phezu izinkulungwane zeminyaka ukhona isayensi uhlole ubude kanye nobubanzi. Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi lutho ishiywa akwaziwa, kodwa ... ake ukubhekana nalokhu, efana, kuyindlela elula njengoba kwezinga-qhwa yamanzi.

Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi abilayo futhi iphuzu okokuqandisa kwamanzi amaphuzu ayisihluthulelo akhethiwe 1742 by Anders Celsius ukudala ngelakho lokushisa esikalini, bakwamukela kamuva emazweni amaningi emhlabeni wonke. Kodwa kukhona njalo amanzi amathumba ngesikhathi engamakhulu degrees nokumisa at zero? Cha, hhayi ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kukhona imingcele eminingi ongashintsha lezi zinombolo. Ake uqale kusukela ekuqaleni.

Okokuqala, i-qhwa amanzi zero degrees kuphela ingcindezi evamile asemkhathini, okuyiwona ingcindezi Kusolwa ku amamilimitha angu amakhulu ayisikhombisa namashumi ayisithupha mercury. Ngu ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa okokuqandisa ingcindezi amanzi anda, futhi izinga lokushisa abilayo - sinciphile. Lapho ukucindezela - zonke okuphambene.

Okwesibili, lokuhlala eliphezulu nosawoti kwenza amanzi amaningi "ukumelana" amakhaza. Okokuqandisa iphuzu amanzi anosawoti izilwandle nasolwandle - azungeze ezimbili ngaphansi kwezingaqhwa Celsius. Labo ulwandle lapho usawoti ephakeme kunaleyo isilinganiso, iqhwa ezingeni lokushisa namanje aphansi.

Kuyinto amanzi eyaziwa kahle yemvelo - izidakamizwa heterogeneous. Yebo share sengonyama (ezingaphezu kuka ayisishiyagalolunye nesishiyagalolunye amaphesenti) yamanzi ewela zilwane ikhemikhali luchazwa H2O izimangalo. Kodwa kukhona ingxenye yamanzi yemvelo futhi okuthiwa amanzi "ezisinda" kangaka, ngisho "super-esindayo". Esimweni sokuqala, i-molecule ye amanzi esikhundleni athomu amabili e-hydrogen abakhona ama-athomu amabili IKhompyuthaYami yayo deuterium esimweni sesibili - tritium. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, okuqukethwe deuterium futhi tritium emanzini liphansi kakhulu ukuthi babe nomthelela omubi okomuntu noma isilwane. Kodwa deuterium okumsulwa ubukisa ongaphakeme ubuthi izakhiwo. Kodwa tritium, a Radioactive ngokutholakala ifomu kanzulu nje kuyingozi. Kodwa, ngenhlanhla, ngokwemvelo it is kuphela ezitholakala ifomu iyona.

amanzi Tritiated futhi deuterium ibe Izakhiwo namakhemikhali ahlukene kusukela evamile, amanzi "yethu". amanzi Deuterium zilimaze at degrees 3,81 Celsius (at umfutho womoya) namathumba at 101,43 degrees. Ngo amanzi tritiated, lezi zibalo ziyahluka kancane: kwezinga-qhwa 1.25 kanye lokushisa abilayo ka 101,6 degrees Celsius.

Izakhiwo yamanzi, lokhu chemical kwakwakhe obonakala ulula wafunda ikude ephelele. Japanese Masaru wafunda, wathi, ngisho inkulumo yamanzi. Yena okholwa ukuthi amanzi lingasinaki umculo amandla esivela amagama. Futhi ngisho inothi! Lokhu kusolakala ukuthi ebonakalayo kahle emva zeqhwa amanzi ngesimo zinhlayiya okuholela. Kuyathakazelisa ukuphawula ukuthi amazwi athi "wena fool" nokudlala songs in a "heavy metal" amanzi isitayela iyaphendula okufanayo, kodwa amagama athi "ngiyabonga" yena lihlotshaniswa uchungechunge imisebenzi ngoba Harpsichord "Goldberg Ukuhluka" Ioganna Sebastyana Bach.