Ngaphambi kokubuza ukuthi bahlalaphi, kuhle ukuba uthole ukuthi bangobani. Kusukela ekuqaleni kudingekile ukucacisa ukuthi igama elithi "taty" ekuqaleni alimeleli igama. Lokho, akulona igama labantu, isizwe, isizwe. Esikhundleni salokho, lo mqondo uwukuhlala emphakathini.
Isikhathi senhlalo
AmaTatars ayebizwa ngokuthi izizwe ezihlala phansi, echaza leli gama indlela yokuphila yabantu kanye nesimo emphakathini. Futhi hhayi nje izizwe ezihlala phansi, kodwa zinqobe ngabo. Ngakho-ke, leli gama laliyi-pejorative. Kamuva, amaTurkey ngaphansi kwegama elithi "tat" lisho umuntu osebenzayo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi kukhona ubuzwe beTata ngokubhuka. Phakathi nezikhathi ezindaweni ezingafani leli gama linemisho ehlukile. Ngakho-ke, ekuqaleni kweNkathi Ephakathi, bonke abantu base-Asia Ephakathi naseMpumalanga Ephakathi, bekhuluma isi-Iranian, babizwa ngokuthi tatami. E-Iran, leli gama lasetshenziselwa izizwe ezikhuluma isi-Iranian ezihlala phansi.
Manje sekukhona ubuzwe
Isikhathi sidlula, futhi izizwe zaphenduka ubuzwe. Esikhathini sethu inkulumo ethi "uhlanga lukaTata" itholakala yonke indawo. Ngesinye isikhathi ne-caveat engekho incazelo ecacile yokuthi yibuphi ubuzwe. Ukuthi lo mqondo uqobo ulula noma uhlanekezele ngamabomu. Ngandlela-thile, ubuzwe bungamaqembu olimi, amaPheresiya aseTranscaucasia noma ama-ethnos ase-Irani, kucacile ngamagama athi kukhona khona ama-tatas, afudumele lapho. Lokhu ikakhulukazi emuva kwe-backgammon. Kuye ngesifunda sokuhlala, i-Tatas inamagama amaningi-uParsi noLochidzhihon, uDagly noTati. Abantu ngabanye banendaba yaso eyithakazelisayo. Abadala ubudala besikhathi sabantu, bacebile kakhulu indaba. Ngokwezinye izazi-mlando, ukukhulunywa kokuqala kwe-tatami kungokwezikhathi zeKhazar Khaganate, okungukuthi, emakhulwini e-7th-10. I-Tatas ihluke kakhulu. Ekubunjweni kwabo banamaKristu (ikakhulukazi ama-monophysts), amaJuda namaSulumane (amaSunni namaShiites).
Ayikho imibono evamile
Iqembu elihlukile lihlanganisa uTaty - AmaJuda eNtaba. Nakuba ezinye izazi-mlando ziphikisana ngokucacile ukuthi akunakwenzeka ngokuphelele ukuhlanganisa le mibono, ukuchaza izizwe ezihlukene ngokuphelele. AmaJuda asezintabeni, noma abanikelayo, angama-subethnos angamaJuda (leli gama lichaza iqembu labantu abaphila ngokuvumelana ne-ethnos ngezici ezincane kodwa ezihlukile ngenxa yomlando wemfundo). Amathangi ngabantu ikakhulukazi besizwe sama-Irani noma amaPheresiya. Futhi amaJuda asezintabeni bayabantu, abagxile eJudiya. Engxenyeni yeRussia ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, amaJuda asezintabeni, esaba ukushushiswa ngezizathu zobuhlanga, alotshwe umthamo. Mhlawumbe lokhu kwakungenxa yokuhlala ezindaweni ezithile nolimi oluvamile - amaTata namaJuda aseMountain akhuluma ngolimi lwesiTata kuze kufike ukuvela kwe-Azerbaijan Republic. Yini engalungile ukufihla, eRussia Soviet kuye kwaba khona ukucindezelwa ngasese kwamaJuda. Manje, ngemva kwekhulu leminyaka, izakhamuzi zaseDagestan, amaJuda asezintabeni ziyizici ezifanayo, amagama ahambisana.
AmaJuda, lapho kubalulekile ukwenza u-aliyah
Nokho, ngenkathi, ngemva kwe-perestroika, amaJuda amaningi atholakele ezweni lakubo, uTatas waqala ukufakazela ukuthi babengamaJuda eNtaba. Ngakho-ke, ukudideka sekudidekile ngokwengeziwe, futhi akukho ukuvumelanisa kunoma iyiphi inkinga. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XIX, imibono yaboniswa ukuthi ama-tatys ayevela kuma-Irani ayebuyiselwe eLwandle lweCaspian ngaphansi kweShapur II (309-381), shahinshah wasePheresiya. Futhi amaJuda, asuka lapha e-Iran ekhulwini lesi-5 AD, alamukela ulimi lwesiTat, kodwa wahlala ethembekile enkolweni yabo. Ngokweminye imithombo, amaPheresiya avela eTranscaucasia ngo-558-330 BC, lapho ubukhosi bama-Achaemenids, amakhosi angamaqhawe asePheresiya lasendulo, aphumelela ukulwa nezimpi zokunqoba, ahlanganisa lezi zindawo njengama-satrapies, noma izifunda ezokuphatha ezempi. Ngenye indlela, kodwa taty - isizwe esibuyela ePersia lasendulo.
Akuyona abantu abakhulu emhlabeni
Manje inani lalaba bantu liyizinkulungwane ezingu-350 zabantu emhlabeni jikelele, kunezindawo lapho amahlaya ahlala khona, futhi kungenzeka, naphezu kokuntuleka kokubumbana kwemibono, ukwakha umqondo ocacile noma ocacile wokuthi bangobani, ukuthi kungani behlala kuphi. Kuzo zonke izindawo zomhlaba ungathola abamele lesi sizwe, kodwa kunezindawo ezithile lapho amathangi ahlala khona ngokuvumelana. Namuhla, inani elikhulu labameli balobu buzwe li-Azerbaijan. Isibalo esilandelayo esilandelayo kunazo zonke i-Russia, lapho zigxila enyakatho yeDagestan. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bahlala eGeorgia, eTurkey nakwabanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi amaTajik anezimpande ezivamile noTatami. Ezindaweni zaleli zwe baphinde baphile.
Inani elikhulu lamaTats ahlala e-Azerbaijan
Ake sibuyele e-Azerbaijan, lapho amathangi ahlala khona kunamanani amaningi kunamanye amazwe. Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, ngenxa yenqubomgomo elandelwa ama-tsars aseSassanid (ikakhulukazi, uShapur II), iziqephu eziya ensimini ye-Azerbaijan yanamuhla zivela e-Iran futhi zihlala eShirvan, isifundazwe saseTranscaucasia, esasogwini olusentshonalanga yeCaspian futhi sisuka e-delta Izinkukhu ezingxenyeni zayo eziseningizimu kuya eDerbent enyakatho. Inqwaba yezifiki ezazibiza ngobuJuda. Kodwana ama-taty kulezi zindawo ahlanganiswa ngokuzithandela nabantu bendawo. Ngo-XIII Isishayamthetho salesi sizwe senziwa. Emashumini ama-30 ekhulwini lokugcina, emva kokusungulwa komqondo we-Azerbaijani, abaningi uTaty baqala ukuzibheka njengabo.
Uthando lwelwimi, lwenziwa eminyakeni eminingi
Naphezu kokufaniswa, ukwamukelwa kolunye ulimi, ukuHlalisana, ukwesaba ukushushiswa kuzwelonke, taty e-Azerbaijan baphile futhi manje, kumbuthano omncane uxhumana "noTatsky". Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Azerbaijan yamukela inqubomgomo kazwelonke yokulondoloza lolu limi. I-primer eshicilelwe kanye nezincwadi zezifundo. Apsheronsky, Khyzyn, Divichinsky noGubinsky - lezi yizindawo lapho izilwane zihlala khona, lapho abantu abaningi abadumile bephuma khona. Ngokwesibonelo, umqambi odumile emhlabeni uKara Karaev uthe uhlonipha izwe lakubo u-Absheron, hhayi i-Azerbaijan. Kumele ngithi kuleli zwe kunomphakathi omncane, kodwa ovalwe kakhulu weTata-Jews, okhokho babo, ngokwezinkolelo zabo, beyizizwe ezilahlekile zabantu base-Israel, eziholwa yinkosi uNebhukadinezari ekuthunjweni ngisho nangaphambi kwesikhathi sethu. Idatha ngenani le-tatami ihlukahluka kakhulu. Kungaphetha ngokuthi ubukhulu beqiniso abuqinisekisiwe, futhi inani langempela lokubheka kuleli zwe - kokubili amaSulumane namaJuda - liphakeme kakhulu kunani elibhaliwe.
I-Dagestan yiyona ndawo ephakathi kwe-Russia
Amathangi aseRussia ahlala ensimini yeDagestan, eyimpublic republic. Ngamanani amancane atholakala kwamanye amazwe aseTranscaucasia. Kuphelele, kunabantu abangu-19 400 ku-Russian Federation. Futhi eRussia, laba bantu abayeki ukuphikisana. Abanye bathi zonke izikhulumi zolimi lwesiTatar, ezibhekisela egatsheni lase-Iranian lezilimi zase-Indo-European, okuyilo ulimi lweNew Persian, kufanele zibhekwe njengeqembu elilodwa, ezinye azivumelani nalokhu. Kukhona inguqulo ekhulwini lama-VI emva kokuxoshwa kwenhlangano yamaMazdakite e-Iran, aboloni abangu-15 000 baxoshwa ekwakhiweni kwezinqaba zeDerbent namadonga. Izindawo zokuhlala eziyisikhombisa namuhla zakhiwa nguTatami - Jalgan, uMitagi noKemah, iZidyan noBilgadi, uGimaydi naseningizimu yeRukel.
Isimo sabantu bokuqala
Namuhla, izidakamizwa ze-Dagestan zinikezwe isimo sezwe njengabantu bokuqala, bekhuluma ulimi olufanayo. Yiqiniso, lolu limi, oluvela emndenini wase-Indo-European, lapha lunezinkulumo - eningizimu nasenyakatho, okuyizinye zezilimi ezibhalwe phansi ze-republic. I-Taty - isizwe (umphakathi osungulwe ngabantu) ukhuthele, uhlala phansi, wenza ikakhulukazi kwezolimo. Kulo lonke inani lezwe elivulekile ku-Dagestan, iningi labo lalinywa. Abamele abantu babesebenza emathafeni asezintabeni okulukhuni, bawaguqule emazweni avundile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho amathangi ahlala khona, ahlale ehlonishwa njengabalimi bewayini, abaphathi bekhanda abanekhono kanye nabadwebi abakhulu ekukhiqizeni izitsha zethusi. Sekuyisikhathi eside indlela yokuphila kwabo kwakuyi-patriarchal noma u-patriarchal. Indima eyinhloko idlalwe ngumdala kunabo bonke, abalalela ngokungazelelwe. Babephethe izingubo zabo kanye nekhishi elicebile eliye laqhubeka nanamuhla. Intshumayelo yeTat eyithakazelisayo, kufaka phakathi izinganekwane, imifanekiso kanye nezinganekwane, igcinwe ngenxa yezinganekwane. Emndenini omkhulu wezizwe zabantu baseDagestani, lezi zinhlanzi zithatha indawo yayo efanele, futhi izingxabano mayelana nokuthi ngubani owona mzimba weqiniso uzoqhubeka isikhathi eside kakhulu.
Futhi kuphi ezinye izilwane ezihlala khona?
I-Adygea ne-Ingushetia, i-Kabardino-Balkaria neKarachay-Cherkessia, i-North Ossetia ne-Chechnya yizifundazwe lapho uTaty ehlala eRussia. Iqiniso, amaqembu amancane kakhulu, angaphezu kuka-2-3 izinkulungwane. Lezi azizona i-diasporas, okusho ukuthi uhlanga oluthile oluthile, ingxenye yabantu abangaphandle kwezwe labo, ngokuphila ngamasiko namasiko ezweni lakubo. Bayizithunywa zezwe elihlukile, okuyinto evamile eCaucasus. Enye izwe eliseningizimu lapho amathangi ahlala khona yiGeorgia. I-Azerbaijan, i-Dagestan ne-Iran yizwe lakwa-Shia Tats, futhi iGeorgia ne-Armenia yizifundazwe zangaphambili zenyunyana, lapho iningi lamaKatolika aseTatiya lihlala khona. Kodwa ikakhulukazi bazibheka njengabase-Armenia naseGeorgia futhi bazibuza ukuthi kungani abaningi babo bekhuluma isi-Azerbaijani.
Uma amaKristu e-monophysics
Ngempela, kunzima ukulandelela ukwakheka kwabantu ngabanye, kunzima nakakhulu uma beguqule inkolo yabo nendawo yokuhlala kuyo izikhathi eziningana. Lokhu kusebenza ebuzweni obunjalo njengengqondo. Umlando wabo unzima kakhulu. Akuwona wonke umuntu, ikakhulukazi ongewona ochwepheshe, oqonda indlela umuntu angabuya ngayo e-Iran njengomJuda, amukele ama-Islam, akhulume ulimi lwendawo, alondoloze isiko lawo, afane nabantu bomdabu, bese ehambisa omakhelwane ngenkathi ekhuluma ngolimi lwesi-Azerbaijani. Kubalulekile ukuchaza ukuthi i-Christian Tati iningi yayingumuntu oyedwa. Futhi lo mKristu akayona imfundiso, kodwa imfundiso ka-Archimandrite Evtikhii evela eConstantinople. Inqatshelwe njengamasonto, ama-Orthodox, amaKatolika namasonto amaningi amaProthestani. Ngakho-ke, mhlawumbe, ama-tatys ase-Armenia naseGeorgia awahlukanisi phakathi kwabo kanye nabantu abaningi. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi umqondo we "tatami entabeni" awunalo nhlobo. Kunemizana engxenyeni yezintaba zeDagestan lapho lobu buzwe buhlala khona, isibonelo, iRukel iyindawo ehlala emthambekeni wezintaba okuthiwa iJalgan. Esinye isihloko sithi akukho namanzi ahlanzekile eTat eDagestan. Izakhamuzi zezintaba zihlehlela emathafeni, futhi abaningi basuka kuleli zwe.