Amakhebuli Network for computer: uhlobo uxhumano

Izintambo esetshenziselwa kwesakhiwonchanti amanethiwekhi computer, ayatholakala anhlobonhlobo izinhlobo. Phakathi ethandwa kakhulu - coax, pair olusontekile futhi fibre optical. Yiziphi imininingwane ngamunye wabo? Yiziphi izici ukufakwa ezivamile - pair ezisontekile?

Ikhebula izinhlobo: coaxial

Phakathi kakhulu ekuqaleni ngokomlando izinhlobo izintambo elisetshenziswa noxhumo lenethiwekhi - coaxial. Ukujiya ke cishe kulingana amandla ikhebula supply yekhompyutha, yakhelwe ukusebenza nge izisekelo 220 V

Isakhiwo isakhiwo coaxial simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako: phakathi - umqhubi metallic wasibekela kuwo obukhulu, ukwahlukanisa ngokuvamile plastic. Phezu ke - eluka zethusi noma aluminium. Ungqimba olungaphandle - ibhantshi nangokuvikela.

A kwakwakhe yalolu hlobo LAN ikhebula lungenziwa ngu:

- BNC-isixhumi;

- BNC-isinqamuli;

- BNC-T-isixhumi;

- BNC-isixhumi Burrell.

Cabanga imininingwane yabo ethize.

BNC-isixhumi kuhilela ukufaka ngesikhathi ikhebula ekugcineni wasebenzisa uxhumano nge nezixhumi Burrell-T-. BNC-isinqamuli sisetshenziswe njengesigungu sokufaka isithiyo ekuvikeleni ukuhamba ikhebula isignali. ukusebenza efanele okuqukethwe enethiwekhini ngaphandle lesi sici, kwezinye izimo akunakwenzeka. Ixhuma nge inethiwekhi yentambo coaxial uhlobo kuhilela ukusetshenziswa terminators ezimbili, enye yazo idinga isisekelo. BNC-T-isixhumi ukwenza ukuxhuma PC omkhulu. Ngo oyiyo, zikhona izikhala ezintathu. Isixhumi lokuqala ixhunywe ikhadi inethiwekhi computer nge ezinye imikhawulo ezimbili ukuxhumeka backbone ezahlukene. Olunye uhlobo isixhumi ngoba ikhebula coaxial - BNC-imiphongolo. Isetshenziselwa ukuxhuma ezingxenyeni ezahlukene umugqa, noma ukwandisa lo engaba inethiwekhi yekhompyutha.

Phakathi izici ewusizo izakhiwo coaxial - azikho izinkinga nge ikhambi umbuzo kanjani ukuxhuma kunethiwekhi izintambo ezimbili zalolu hlobo. Enough ukuqinisekisa contact onokwethenjelwa umqhubi izintambo, yebo, kuncike ubuchwepheshe esibonakalayo yokuba umtshingo ubethwa ngubani igridi esibukweni. Nokho, intambo coaxial kuyinto ayizwani sokungahloniphi kagesi. Ngakho-ke, umkhuba ekwakheni amanethiwekhi computer, manje selisetshenziswa kanini. Nokho, lubaluleke ngokuya ingqalasizinda senhlangano i-ukudluliselwa amasignali ithelevishini - kusukela emathileyi noma ikhebula abahlinzeki.

pair ezisontekile

Iningi cishe ezivamile namuhla inethiwekhi computer izintambo abizwa ngokuthi "pair ezisontekile". Kungani leli gama? Iqiniso lokuthi isakhiwo ikhebula yalolu hlobo ukwethula babashayeli pairwise. Basuke wazenza ngethusi. Standard ikhebula uhlobo olucutshungulwayo yakhiwa 8 cores (ka, kanjalo, 4 ngazimbili), kodwa kukhona amasampula ne babashayeli ezine. Okubizwa ngokuthi inethiwekhi yentambo pinouts yalolu hlobo (ukuhlanganisa of Strand ngasinye umsebenzi othile) kuhilela ukusetshenziswa inyumbazana ngenxa umbala ethize ukuze umqhubi ngamunye.

ukwahlukanisa yangaphandle umbhangqwana ezisontekile wenza kusuka PVC, iqinisekisa eyanele ukuze sivikeleke izakhi conductive kusukela ukuphazamiseka kagesi. Yiba izintambo kwakuvikela yalolu hlobo - FTP futhi STP. Esikhathini lisebenza wangaphambili ezifanele umsebenzi ucwecwe ibekwe phezu wahlala zonke, okwesibili - ngosuku ngalunye babashayeli. Kukhona ukuguqulwa unshielded pair ezisontekile - UTP. Njengomthetho, izintambo ezibizayo ne ucwecwe. Kodwa kufanele kusetshenziswe kuphela uma kukhona isidingo izinga okusezingeni ukuthumela idatha kude elikhulu. Ikhaya zokuxhumana inketho awunankinga unshielded pair elisontiwe.

amakilasi eziningana abahlukene elihambisana uhlobo izakhiwo, yilowo nalowo kubo ubizwa ngokuthi CAT ngenombolo kusuka 1 kuya ku-7 Ayanda sibalo ohambelana, izinto kangcono ukuhlinzeka isignali yokudlulisela. Modern inethiwekhi izintambo kwikhompyutha yakho ukushintshanisa idatha nge-Ethernet ikhaya amanethiwekhi ukuphakamisa izinto ezifanayo ekilasini CAT5. Ngo compounds lapho zisetshenziselwa isebenze ezisontekile pair nezixhumi okuzokwenziwa kahle labizwa ngokuthi 8P8C, kodwa kukhona futhi igama olungekho emthethweni kubo - RJ-45. Kungaphawulwa ukuthi izintambo elihambisana okungenani ibanga CAT5 futhi CAT6, ungakwazi ukudlulisa idatha ngesivinini eduze esiphezulu kulolu hlobo takhiwo - kuya ku-1 Gbit / s.

fibre optical

Mhlawumbe yesimanje kakhulu futhi fast inethiwekhi yekhompyutha izintambo - Fibre. Ngo isakhiwo sabo, khona ukukhanya Umhlahlandlela izakhi ngengilazi ukuthi zivikelwe okuqinile plastic ukwahlukanisa. Phakathi izinzuzo ezingukhiye izintambo kuhleloxhumano lwedatha kwikhompyutha yakho - amasosha omzimba okusezingeni eliphezulu sokungahloniphi. Futhi ngokusebenzisa fibre ungakwazi ukudlulisa idatha at ibanga-100 km. A kwakwakhe yalolu hlobo namadivayisi ikhebula kungenziwa eyenziwa izinhlobo ezahlukene izixhumi. Phakathi ezivamile - SC, FC, F-3000.

owenza lokhu hi-tech inethiwekhi yentambo kukhompyutha kanjani? Photo fibre optic ukwakha ngezansi.

Amandla ngokoqobo fibre ukhawulelwe izindleko kuqhathaniswa eliphezulu imishini ezidingekile ukuthumela idatha therethrough. Nokho, muva nje, abahlinzeki abaningi Russian benza izenzo ezibonisa usebenzisa inethiwekhi ikhebula kwi-Inthanethi. Indlela yokuthola IT-ongoti, kanye nokulindela ukuthi utshalomali abafanele kuyovuzwa esikhathini esizayo.

Evolution kwengqalasizinda ikhebula

Esikhathini izinhlobo ezintathu okukhulunywe samakhebula sikwazi ukulandelela kwemvelo kule isici ekwakheni ingqalasizinda inethiwekhi yekhompyutha. Ngakho, ekuqaleni uma uhambisa idatha nge standard-Ethernet isakhiwo coaxial lihilelekile. Kulesi umkhawulo ibanga ezingase zithunyelwe isignali kusuka kudivayisi eyodwa kuya kwenye, akazange idlule amamitha 500. Umkhawulo idatha izinga okwesikhathi ikhebula coaxial kwaba nxazonke 10 Mbit / sec. Ukusebenzisa pair nesisontekile, ekuthuthukiseni kakhulu Dynamics ifayela-ukwabelana amanethiwekhi computer - kuya ku-1 Gbit / s. Libuye ithuba ukudlulisa idatha kwimodi-Duplex egcwele (kudivayisi eyodwa kungaba kokubili amasignali futhi uyithumele). Njengoba sekunama-fibre optic IT-umkhakha ithole ithuba ukuze uthumele amafayela ngesivinini 30-40 GB / s noma ngaphezulu. Ikakhulu sibonga lobu buchwepheshe, amanethiwekhi computer ngempumelelo ukuxhuma amazwe amazwekazi.

Yiqiniso, nezinye izinhlobo eziningi izintambo asetshenziswe ukufakwa amanethiwekhi computer ezisetshenziswa uma usebenza nge-PC. Okwazekayo, izinjongo ezifana ingasetshenziswa, isibonelo, i-USB ikhebula, nakuba ngeke zingaba zinhle kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma sicabangela iqiniso lokuthi ngaphakathi USB idatha ejwayelekile angadluliselwa ngesikhathi ibangana --20 amamitha.

Indlela ukuxhuma umbhangqwana ezisontekile

pair Twisted, njengoba sibonile ngenhla - namuhla obanzi kunayo ekwakhiweni inethiwekhi yekhompyutha ikhebula hlobo. Nokho, isicelo salo esisebenzayo libhekene ezinye umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama. Ikakhulukazi, zibonisa isici inethiwekhi yentambo pinout, okuyinto sishilo ngenhla. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi bathole emithanjeni endaweni engaxhumani RJ-45 Isixhumi. Inqubo lapho umbhangqwana ezisontekile ixhuma element esihambelanayo, ngokuthi crimp, kusukela ngesikhathi nokuqaliswa kwalo zisetshenziswa ithuluzi ekhethekile, uhilela ukusebenza ngo-isakhiwo.

umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama crimping

Phakathi nale nqubo, izixhumi kusekeliwe fixed enisemikhawulweni umbhangqwana elisontiwe. Isibalo soxhumene nabo kuzo oluhambisana inani eziphilayo - ezimweni zombili, lezi zinto 8 izingcezu. Kukhona izikimu eziningana kungenziwa crimp ngaphansi okuyinto pair elisontiwe.

Okulandelayo, sicabangela ngokucacile okuhambisanayo. Kodwa okokuqala, umuntu owenza umsebenzi nge ikhebula, udinga ukuthatha nezixhumi kusesandleni. Kumele ibanjwe ukuze oxhumana metal ezibekwe phezulu.

isiqhebezo Plastic kufanele iqondiswe ekufezeni umuntu okhipha crimping. Kwesobunxele kulokhu kuyoba contact 1st ngakwesokudla - 8. Sezinombolo - ehilelekile kubaluleke kakhulu nge pair elisontiwe. Ngakho lokho izikimu crimping ezisetshenziswa ingqalasizinda?

Okokuqala, kukhona enye inethiwekhi yentambo scheme, elibizwa ngokuthi yi-EIA / TIA-568A. Luhilela indawo ngemithambo correlative roomates nge isixhumi metal oxhumana ngendlela elandelayo:

- for the contact 1: emhlophe-oluhlaza;

- kuya 2nd: oluhlaza;

- I-lesithathu: omhlophe kanye orange;

- 4 th: okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka;

- 5 th: okumhlophe nokuluhlaza;

- 6 th: orange;

- for the 7th: omhlophe nonsundu;

- 8 th: ensundu.

Kukhona elinye icebo - EIA / TIA-568B. Luhilela indawo ngemithambo ngendlela elandelayo:

- for the contact 1: white-orange;

- kuya 2nd: orange;

- I-lesithathu: emhlophe-oluhlaza;

- 4 th: okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka;

- 5 th: okumhlophe nokuluhlaza;

- 6 th: oluhlaza;

- for the 7th: omhlophe nonsundu;

- 8 th: ensundu.

Indlela ukuxhuma ikhebula amandla isixhumi, manje uyazi. Kodwa kuyasiza uhlole imininingwane mayelana amaqhinga ahlukahlukene alo uxhumano pair ezisontekile ukuze amadivaysi ezahlukene.

Crimp uxhumano uhlobo

Ngokwesibonelo, lapho yokuxhuma i-PC ukuze umzila noma inkinobho kumele kusetshenziswe ngokuqondile uxhumano indlela. Uma kukhona isidingo ukuhlela exchange of amafayela phakathi kwamakhompyutha ezimbili ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-router, ungasebenzisa indlela cross-uxhumano. Umehluko phakathi izikimu encane kumakwe. Ngo indlela eqondile uxhumano ikhebula kumele crimped at anesabelo esifanayo PIN. Ngesinye ekupheleni cross - 568A ngoba isikimu, elinye - kwi 568B.

Umnotho zobuchwepheshe

pair Twisted libhekene isici ezithakazelisayo. Uma kungekho wesifunda oqondile 4 namabhuzu babashayeli ingasetshenziswa kudivayisi yokuxhuma, futhi 2. Lokho, usebenzisa ikhebuli olulodwa kwamukelekile ukuxhuma ngekhompyutha inethiwekhi 2 kanyekanye. Ngakho kungenzeka ukuba ugcine kwi ikhebula noma enze uxhumano uma ngempela kudingeka kwenziwe, futhi amamitha Ukugunda esingeziwe pair ezisontekile akuyona. Nokho, kuleli cala ukushintshanisa kwe-data ngesivinini akuyona 1 Gbit / umzuzwana, futhi kancane izikhathi 10. Kodwa inhlangano inethiwekhi ekhaya kwamukelekile ezimweni eziningi.

Kulokhu ukusabalalisa emithanjeni? Correlative izixhumi kwi nezixhumi yokuxhuma i-computer yokuqala :

- contact 1: omhlophe kanye orange vein;

- 2nd: orange;

- 3rd: emhlophe-oluhlaza;

- 6: oluhlaza.

Okungukuthi, 4, 5, 7 no-8 izintambo azisetshenziswa kule scheme. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, phezu nezixhumi ukuxhuma ikhompyutha yesibili:

- contact 1: umthambo omhlophe nonsundu;

- 2nd: onsundu ngaphansi;

- 3rd: okumhlophe nokuluhlaza;

- 6: okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Kungaphawulwa ukuthi ukuqaliswa circuit cross-Connect njalo ukusebenzisa konke babashayeli 8 igqoke elisontiwe. Futhi, uma umsebenzisi idzinga kwetfula ukudlulisa idatha phakathi amadivayisi ijubane 1 Gbit / umzuzwana, pinout wenziwe abantu isikimu ekhethekile. Cabangela izici zayo.

Cross Connect Gigabit

Ukuphela lokuqala ikhebula ukuba crimped ngokuhambisana 568B wesifunda. Eyesibili kuhilela Ukuqhathanisa okulandelayo cores kanye oxhumana nabo ku-isixhumi:

- contact 1: eziphilayo omhlophe noluhlaza okotshani;

- 2nd: oluhlaza;

- 3rd: omhlophe kanye orange;

- 4th: omhlophe nonsundu;

- 5th: onsundu ngaphansi;

- 6: orange;

- 7th: okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka;

- 8th: okumhlophe nokuluhlaza.

Isikimu kuyinto iyafana 568A, kodwa washintsha yokuma blue and brown wire ngazimbili.

Ukuhambisana nemithetho umbala imakwe ukuhlanganisa wahlala noxhumana nabo ku-isixhumi 8P8C - ke isici esibaluleke kunazo ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza ingqalasizinda. Man ukwakha kubalulekile uqaphe lapho kokufaka izakhi abafanele. Kwenzeka ukuthi kukhompyutha akakuboni ikhebula inethiwekhi - ivame ukuhlanganiswa nje engalungile crimp pair elisontiwe.

Indlela crimp ikhebuli

Cabangela ezinye zezihloko okukhulunywa imininingwane yezobuchwepheshe. kudivayisi Main, lokukhulunywa ngako kulendzaba ehilelekile, - Crimper. Kungokufanayo nemikhaza kodwa isetshenziswa ukusetshenziswa ne-computer izintambo yohlobo olufanele.

umklamo Crimper kusikisela a izindwani ezikhethekile senzelwe ukusika isakhiwo. Crimper ngezinye izikhathi ifakwe idivayisi elincane bula ukwahlukanisa pair uyisontile. Esikhathini ngumgogodla ezikhungweni zomsebenzi ithuluzi - slot ekhethekile bazivumelanisa ukushuba isakhiwo ikhebula.

algorithm eliphezulu wezenzo zomuntu, elinganisela pair ezisontekile kungenzeka kanje.

• Okokuqala, kudingeka ukusika ingxenye ikhebula anobude efanelekayo - kudingeke, ngaleyo ndlela izilinganiso zawo ngqo.
• Ngemva kwalokho, ukususa ukwahlukanisa yangaphandle - mayelana 3 cm kwesigaba ekupheleni ikhebula. Into esemqoka nalokhu - musa ngephutha kulimaze cores ikhebula.
• Khona-ke udinga ukubeka izintambo nge correlative roomates uxhumano imidvwebo okuxoxwe ngazo ngenhla ukuze isixhumi. Ngemva abukhali asikiwe, ukuze ubude ngamunye wabo kwaba mayelana 12 mm ngaphezu olwelwesini ukwahlukanisa.
• Okulandelayo udinga ukubeka isixhumi phezu ikhebula ukuze izintambo babe ngokulandelana oluhambisana umdwebo wiring, futhi ngamunye kubo weza isiteshi oyifunayo. Kufanele ukuhambisa core kuze kuze ukumelana esiyitholayo plastic odongeni ipulaki.
• Ngemva indawo ezifanele ngaphakathi isixhumi wahlala PVC emgodleni kumele itholakale ngaphakathi isixhumi izindlu. Uma wenza kanjalo akusebenzi, kungase kudingeke ukuba ukhiphe imicu futhi kancane unciphise kubo.

Uma konke izakhi ukwakhiwa kahle kahle, kungenzeka ukuba crimp ikhebula, ufaka isixhumi ibe isokhethi ekhethekile ku Crimper futhi ngobumnene baphokophelele ku isibambo ithuluzi ukumisa.