Amagagasi yokusetshenziswa

Ukuze uthole eside okhokho nesikhathi wave yokukhanya T. Young futhi A. Fresnel ukwazi ukuthi amaza okukhanya kukhona longitudinal, okungukuthi, bafana namagagasi umsindo. Nakuba amagagasi ukukhanya zibhekwa njengeziyisidala amagagasi nokunwebeka emoyeni ukuthi lugcwele yonke indawo futhi ukungena emzimbeni ngamunye. Kwakubonakala ukuthi le amagagasi akakwazi ngokuthi isiphambano.

Nokho, kancane kancane ukuthola ubufakazi zokuhlola kakhudlwana futhi amaqiniso ezingase angeke sachaza ngu uzitshela ukuthi amaza okukhanya - longitudinal. Phela, amagagasi transverse angaba khona kuphela ukudla okuqinile. Kodwa ungakwazi kanjani ukuthuthela umzimba ngendlela bukhoma okuqinile ngaphandle ukumelana? Amadili E-ether Ngendlela efanayo, akufanele ezizosikhinyabeza ukuhamba emizimbeni. Ngoba kungenjalo umthetho inertia ngeke kwenziwe.

Ungabona eksperimenti lelula futhi ewusizo nge crystal of tourmaline. Kuyinto esobala futhi uba nombala oluhlaza.

Esikhathini crystal of tourmaline has a -eksisi wesimethri. Lokhu crystal ubizwa crystal uniaxial. Ithathwe tourmaline ipuleti unxande inqanyulwa ukuze ubuso bayo owodwa sasingamathalenta kuhambisana ahlangene crystal. Uma ugongolo we kagesi noma solar ukukhanya Umhlahlandlela kungokwemvelo ukuba plate, ukujikeleza ipuleti bazungeza akakubangeli izinguquko ukushuba ukukhanya lapho sidlula-ke. Kukhona umuzwa wokuthi ukukhanya idluliselwa tourmaline kancane amunca ngathenga umbala ukukhanya green. Akukho okunye okwenzekayo. Kodwa lokhu kubi. Igagasi ukukhanya ozuza izakhiwo ezintsha.

Angathungathwa uma ugongolo ukukhanya sidlula isekhondi tourmaline crystal okungukuthi kuhambisana kuqala. Ngesikhathi ohlangothini olufanayo njengoba izimbazo crystal we lutho ezimbili ukwazi kwenzekani, kuphela ugongolo ukukhanya okuningi attenuated ngenxa ukumuncwa, edabula crystal yesibili. Kodwa lapho ukujikeleza crystal yesibili, inqobo nje uma kuqala ukuba ngihambe enganyakazi, wathola buyinto ezithakazelisayo, ngokuthi "ukuqothulwa ukukhanya." Ngo inqubo okwandisa engela phakathi kwalezi izimbazo ezimbili incipha saturation we ngocansi ugongolo ukukhanya. Lapho ama-eksisi amabili perpendicular maqondana nomunye, ukukhanya lwadlulela nhlobo. Kuzobakhuthaza ngokuphelele amuncwa crystal yesibili. Njengokulotshiweyo ukuthi sisho ukuthini?

ubunjalo transverse of amaza okukhanya

Kusukela incazelo amaqiniso, njengoba kuboniswe ngaphambili, kufanele:

1. Okokuqala, igagasi ukukhanya ukuthi isuka umthombo wokukhanya ziyalingana ngokuphelele mayelana isiqondiso lapho esiphelweni senzeka. Ngesikhathi ezingemuva lokhu crystal emhlabeni ugongolo ukukhanya odlulayo ukuhlola kuqala olwenziwa ngegalelo lako awushintshanga.

2. Okwesibili, igagasi eliphuma crystal kuqala, ngeke ube wesimethri Axial. I Amandla okukhanya ayihambi ngokusebenzisa enye crystal incike Ukujikeleza yayo.

amagagasi longitudinal zihlukile wesimethri ephelele mayelana isiqondiso esiphelweni. Iyehla iyenyuka amagagasi longitudinal kwenzeka emifantwini isiqondiso esinjalo, ukuthi nombono oscillation kanye-eksisi wesimethri. Yingakho isipiliyoni ukuchaza ukujikeleza crystal yesibili, ucabangela igagasi longitudinal yokukhanya, akunakwenzeka: kuba - amagagasi transverse.

Can ukuchaza ngokugcwele isipiliyoni, okwenza ezizathwini ezimbili:

Inombolo nokucabanga omunye ukukhanya okuhlobana ngokuqondile: amaza okukhanya - amagagasi transverse. Kodwa ngo-ugongolo senzakalo umthombo wokukhanya amaza okukhanya kukhona oscillations samanje izinkomba ezahlukene ukuthi perpendicular isiqondiso lapho leli gagasi is okusakazwa. Kulokhu, icubungula nokucabanga okunjalo, kumele kuphetfwe ukuthi igagasi ukukhanya has an wesimethri Axial, ngesikhathi esifanayo kokuba transverse. Ngokwesibonelo, amagagasi phezu kwamanzi akudingeki wesimethri enjalo, ngoba izinhlayiya oscillations emanzini kwenzeka ngokukhethekile indiza mpo.

Amagagasi ukukhanya kusukela ekushintshashintsheni bacondze etindzaweni letehlukene, okuyizinto perpendicular isiqondiso esiphelweni abizwa ngokuthi zemvelo. Leli gama ulungisiswa ngoba ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile emithonjeni ehlukene ukukhanya ukudala nje wave ezinjalo. Lokhu kucatshangwa uchaza imiphumela yokuqala isilingo. Ukujikeleza crystal tourmaline ayishintshi ukushuba ngocansi ugongolo ukukhanya, ukuze wave sigameko has wesimethri Axial, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi yena - igagasi transverse.

Nokucabanga yesibili libhekisela crystal. Tourmaline has impahla kudlule ukukhanya nge iyehla iyenyuka wavelength ezenzeka indiza ethile. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi okukhanya (noma indiza-athuthukisiwe). It ihlukile zemvelo, unpolarized.

Lo mbono uchaza ukuhlola kwesibili. Kusukela crystal lokuqala tourmaline ukukhanya indiza-lihlukaniswe (a wave). Ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo zinhlayiya ngaphansi engela ayisishiyagalolunye degree of igagasi abakwazi udabula elesibili. Uma engela Ukunqamula ezinye, bona uzohanjiswa iyehla iyenyuka, amplitude of okuyinto ilingana projection we amplitude wave okuyinto odabule ipuleti sokuqala eksisi yesibili. Iphinde kuwubufakazi imfundiso yokuthi amaza okukhanya - amagagasi transverse.