Amacala ngokumelene ne-oda: okuqukethwe kanye nezindaba ezisemqoka zobuciko. 321 we-Code Criminal

Ama-ejensi okuphoqelela umthetho enza konke ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abahlukumezi be-oda bahlukaniswe nomphakathi. Izikhungo ezikhethekile zihlelwe ngale njongo. Lapho, izakhamuzi eziphule umthetho kumele zisebenze isijeziso. Kodwa ngisho lapha kungaba khona izimo ezingahle zihlukanise umsebenzi wezikhungo ezinjalo. Art. I-321 ye-Criminal Code yaseRussian Federation ibheka ngokuqondile amacala anjalo nemiphumela, engabangela yona.

Ukukhonza umusho

ERussia, njenganoma yiliphi elinye izwe, izinhlangano zomthetho zisebenza ngokubili ukuvula ubugebengu nokuvimbela ukuthi kungenzeka yini. Izakhamizi ezisolwa noma ezitholwa enecala lezi zenzo ngokuvamile zihlukaniswe nomphakathi. Izikhungo ezikhethekile zezinhlobo ezimbili zisetshenziselwa lokhu:

1. Abahlukanisi bokuphenya. Kukhona bobabili abasolwa nabasolwa.
2. Izikhungo ezenza izijeziso ezihlobene nokuhlukaniswa kwabahlukumezi.

Kuzo, izimo ezithile zokuboshwa zadalwa abahlukumezi. Kodwa umyalelo osungulwe ngumthetho awufanelanga wonke umuntu. Kukhona abantu abenza izenzo ezingahlehlisi umsebenzi ojwayelekile wezikhungo ezinjalo. Ngenxa yalokho, kunezinkinga ngokuhlonipha umthetho. Izenzo zalabo bantu zifanelekile njengezobugebengu ezijeziswa ubuciko. 321 we-Code Criminal.

Eqinisweni, bahlukumeza ubudlelwane obuhle bomphakathi, ngaleyo ndlela bakha isisekelo samanye amacala. Futhi abenzi bezenzo ezinjalo bangaboshwa kanye nabasebenzi bezindawo lapho ukuboshwa noma ukulahlwa inkululeko kukhonjelwe ngokuqondile. Bobabili kuzodingeka babhekane nesijeziso esihle ngaphansi kobuciko. 321 we-Code Criminal. Kule ndaba, umthetho uqine ngokulinganayo ezinhlangothini zombili.

Isimo sobugebengu

Iningi lezakhamuzi zezwe lethu liqinisekile ukuthi umsebenzi wezomthetho usebenza kahle futhi oqondile. Kodwa ngisho nemishini esungulwe ngezinye izikhathi isalokhu ihluleka ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngokuvamile, isizathu salokhu yisici somuntu. Kukhona abantu abangakwazi ukuqonda umthetho njengento eyigugu futhi engaguquki. Bazama ukuyiphula, benze ngokuzithandela, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yikuphi ukuvinjelwa. Lokhu kungenziwa kunoma yisiphi isigaba, kungakhathaliseki uhlobo lokujeziswa oluhambisana nokuhlukaniswa komuntu ophulukisayo emphakathini: ngesikhathi sokuboshwa, ukuvinjelwa noma ukulahlwa inkululeko, kanye nokugcinwa kweyunithi yokuqondiswa kwezigwegwe zempi. Kunoma yikuphi, umuntu ophule umyalelo oqinile ozobekwa kufanele aphendule ngenxa yezenzo zakhe ezingekho emthethweni ngaphansi kobuciko. 321 we-Code Criminal. Ngokwenza njalo, izimo eziningi ezingqubuzanayo zivela ngokuqondile ezindaweni zokuboshwa ngokuqondile. Kuzokwazi ukuthwala kubo:

• Amakoloni ezemfundo noma ezilungiswayo ;
• Ijele;
• Izikhungo zezokwelapha.

Noma iyiphi yalezi zindawo ingaba umthombo wenkinga edinga ukubhekwa ngokuphenywa okuningiliziwe futhi okuningiliziwe.

Ukwakhiwa kobugebengu

Ukuze uqonde icala ngalinye, kuyadingeka ukuba ucabange ngokucacile izici eziyinhloko zalesi senzo esingalungile.

Ngokuhambisana nomthetho ngaphansi kwe-Art. 321 we-Criminal Code ye-Russian Federation, icala lihlanganisa lokhu okulandelayo:

1. Okokuqala, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izigebengu ezikulesi simo zingagwetshwa, izihlobo zabo kanye nabajwayele, kanye nabasebenzi beziko.
2. Into esemqoka ubuhlobo bomphakathi ngokuqondile, okufaka isandla ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile kwesimiso sokulungiswa kwezijeziso. Izigebengu, empeleni, ziyihlukanisa, ngaleyo ndlela zidala izithiyo emisebenzini yayo. Into eyengeziwe iyimpilo nokuphila kwabahlanganyeli empini.
3. Ohlangothini lomgomo yiyona ingozi yangempela yokusebenzisa ngokuqondile ubudlova. Futhi akunandaba ukuthi lowo owenze iphutha uphumelele imiphumela efunayo.
4. Isihloko salesi senzo singaba ngabantu asebefinyelele eminyakeni eyi-16.
5. Uhlangothi oluzimele lobugebengu lapha luzimisele ngokuqondile. Okusho ukuthi, umenzi wobugebengu uzama ukufeza umgomo wakhe ngokusongelwa, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukulimala kwangempela.

Njengoba kunikezwe lezi zibonakaliso, inkantolo inquma ukufaneleka kwalolu cala.

Usongo kubaphathi bakahulumeni

Enye yezindlela ezivame kakhulu zokuphazamisa umsebenzi wesimiso sokulungiswa kwezidakamizwa ukusetshenziswa okungafanelekile kobudlova okubhekiswe kubasebenzi bezindawo lapho ukungabi nkululeko noma ukuboshwa kwenziwa ngokuvumelana nomthetho, kanye namalungu emindeni yabo.

Lokhu kushiwo ku-Art. 321 ingxenye 2 ye-Criminal Code ye-Russian Federation. Ngezinye izikhathi iziboshwa noma ababoshiwe abangaboni ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi bakwazi ukuxazulula ngokusemthethweni inkinga yesiphambeko sabo ngenxa yecala elibekwe, zama ukufaka ithonya elinamandla kwabasebenzi bezikhungo ezifanele uhlelo lokusebenzisa umthetho. Kwezinye izimo, ngoba lokhu ngezinye izikhathi kubandakanyekile. Njengomthetho, konke kuqala ngokusongelwa nokwesatshiswa, kanti ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokufika ezenzweni ezinobungozi empilweni nasezempilo (ukushaywa). Endabeni yezihlobo eziseduze, isimo esifanayo singenzeka. Ngezenzo ezinjalo, umthetho uhlinzekela isijeziso esifanele ngendlela yokunciphisa ngokuphelele inkululeko. Umkhawulo wesikhathi usethe iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-5. Umphumela wokugcina uxhomeke ebuqini bezenzo zobugebengu ezenziwe kanye nemiphumela eyabangela.

Izenzo Zemihlangano

Kodwa akuzona ngaso sonke isikhathi umoni owenzayo kuphela. Kwezinye izimo, iqembu lonke elihleliwe lithatha icala. Ziziphatha ngokuzenzekelayo nangokuqinile. Njengengxenye yesithonya, izigebengu zivame ukukhetha ubudlova ngamandla omzimba, ngezinye izikhathi eziyingozi empilweni nasekuphileni kwalabo ababa yizinhloso zabo.

Umthetho ufanisa izenzo zabo ngaphansi kweNgxenye 3 ye-Art. 321 we-Code Criminal. Kulesi simo uhlelo lomthetho kanye ne-oda lunikeza isijeziso esinzima kakhulu: kusukela eminyakeni emihlanu ukuya kweyishumi nambili ejele. Isilinganiso esinjalo sinengqondo, ngoba lapha, empeleni, kukhona isenzo esihleliwe. Ihlose ukuphazamisa umsebenzi weziko elithile ngokuthonya ngamandla abasebenzi bayo. Kodwa lokhu kuyingxenye yobugebengu kuphela. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, izenzo ezinjalo zidala ukungqubuzana phakathi komthetho wokulawulwa komthetho ngokwayo, okungenakuvunyelwa futhi kufanele ujeziswe ngokufanele. Ukungasebenzi nokuziqhenya ezindabeni ezinjalo kungenza kube nzima kakhulu isimo futhi kubangele nakakhulu ukulimala.

Amandla aphikisanayo

Kubuye kube njalo ukuthi abenzi bezimo ezinjalo bangabasebenzi bezikhungo ezihlinzekela ukuhlukaniswa kwabasolwa noma izakhamizi ezilahlwe yicala. Ukusebenzisa ngokumelene nayo yonke imithetho yesimo sabo esisemthethweni, basebenzisa ubudlova ngokumelene namawadi abo, kunokuvimbela ukulungiswa kwabo. Umthelela ungaba ngokomqondo nangokwenyama, kepha ungalimazi empilweni nasempilo yomuntu okubhekiswe kuye. Imininingwane yezimpikiswano zalolu hlobo ibonakala kwezobuciko. 321 ingxenye 1 ye-Criminal Code ye-Russian Federation. Kulesi simo, ubudlova obungenabungozi kusho izenzo ezihilela ukwehliswa kokuhlushwa ngokomzimba (ukushaya) noma ukuvimbela inkululeko yakhe (ukusetshenziswa okungekho emthethweni kwezandla, ukuhlukaniswa kwamakhemikhali egumbini elivaliwe, ukubopha ngesandla kanye nabanye).

Izenzo ezinjalo zifaniswa nokuxhashazwa nokujeziswa ngumthetho ngokuboshwa iminyaka engama-5. Futhi akukhathaleli nakhu lapha, okuthandwa yilowo owenza icala. Kule nkantolo, kuphela iqiniso lezenzo kubalulekile.