Amacala entela: izinhlobo eziyinhloko, isijeziso

Amacala okukhokhwa yizenzo ezingekho emthethweni zomkhokhi wentela owenziwe ngenhloso noma ukungazi futhi edinga ukujeziswa ngokuhambisana nomthetho wentela. Njengalokhu umonile angase abe umuntu othize (umuntu) noma inhlangano (inhlangano esemthethweni). Isibopho sezenzo zentela sifinyelela kubantu abafinyelele eminyakeni yobuyishumi nesithupha. Isenzo esingekho emthethweni sesakhamuzi saseRussia emkhakheni wemithetho yentela singabonakala njengenjalo uma singenayo izimpawu zecala lobugebengu. Isibonelo, ukwehluleka ukubhaliswa komuntu obanjwe neziphathimandla zentela kubhekwa njengokuphulwa kwemithetho yentela, kanti ukudluliselwa kwesifumbathiso kumphathi wetela sekuvele kubhekwe njengecala lobugebengu.

Isahluko seshumi nesithupha seKhowudi Yentela yeRussia Federation inikezwe ekuchazweni kwezinhlobo zamacala ezentela kanye nemfanelo engase ilandele. Ngokuhambisana nalo, amacala alandelayo angabalwa njengalokhu:

- Ukuqhuba imisebenzi yokuhweba (zombili ngenhlangano kanye nosomabhizinisi ngamunye) ngaphandle kokubhalisa negunya elifanele lentela.

- Ukwenqaba ukunikeza ulwazi ngokuvula noma ukuvala i-akhawunti yasebhange ngumkhokhi wentela.

- Ukuhlinzeka ngamadokhumenti angalungile kumphathi wentela.

- Ukubalwa kwezimali ezingenakulungiswa enhlanganweni, ukufihla iziphathimandla zentela eziyingxenye yemali engenayo.

- Ukuhluleka ukufeza imisebenzi yokudlulisa intela kuhulumeni.

- Ukwenqaba ukunikeza isevisi yentela ngolwazi oludingekayo ukuqhuba ukulawulwa kwentela emisebenzini yomuntu.

Ukwakhiwa kwecala lokukhokha kungabuye kubonakale ekwenzeni inhlangano yomqashi ukuba iqome abasebenzi bayo ngokulandela iKhodi YezabaSebenzi YaseRussia Federation futhi ibakhokhele umholo "omhlophe". Lezi zenzo, njengombuso, zijeziswa ngesimo sehlawulo. Esimweni esinciphisa lo mlandu umthwalo womuntu owenze iphutha, yikhomishana yecala lokukhokhisa intela ngaphansi kwethonya lokuphoqelela noma lokusongela, ukuxolisa, njll.

Kwezinye izintela zentela, umthetho waseRussia uhlinzekela isijeziso sobugebengu (izihloko 198-199.2 ze-Criminal Code ye-Russian Federation). Kulesi simo, umuntu uhlale enesibopho sobugebengu. Isibonelo, esimweni sokukhokha intela yinhlangano yonke, icala lizokwehliswa kumqondisi walo noma i-accounting account, kwezinye izimo kumsunguli. Abantu abaye bathola iminyaka engu-16 ubudala futhi ababhekwa njengesibopho ngokugcwele bangabuye bashushiswe ngenxa yokwenqaba ukukhokha intela.

Amacala okukhokha lapho ukubunjwa kwecala lobugebengu kungacatshangwa khona:

- Ukuhluleka ukufeza imisebenzi ye-ejenti yentela.

- Ukuhluleka ukukhokha intela nemali.

- Ukuthungulwa kwezimpahla zemali kanye nezinto ezibonakalayo zomuntu ngamunye noma inhlangano esemthethweni evela eziphathimandla zentela.

Ukwenqaba ukukhokhisa intela kanye nemali edingekayo ngenxa yombuso kuhlanganisa isijeziso ngesimo samahora angama-ruble angamakhulu amathathu noma ukuboshwa kuze kube unyaka. Isinqumo sokujeziswa kuleli cala sithathwe kuye ngokuthi inani lemali elingakhokhelwa. Umuntu oye waqala ukukhokhela izintela okokuqala angase akhululwe ekubolekweni komthetho uma kwenzeka ekhokhwa ngokugcwele inani lemali ekhokhelwayo, izinhlawulo kanye nezinhlawulo.

Ukungabikho kwesenzo sobugebengu esenzweni somenzi wobugebengu akusho ukuthi ukwephulwa kwentela kungahlala kungalahlwa, ngoba ngenxa yokuthunyelwa kwabo isijeziso sinikezwa ngokuhambisana neKhovisi leNtela neLolawulo lweRussian Federation. Uma isenzo somkhokhi wentela kubhekwa njengokwephulwa kokuphatha, kuzodingeka akhokhe ngokugcwele inani lesikweletu, inhlawulo kanye nenhlawulo ngesikhathi esifanele.