Alexander Shulgin, usokhemisi: Biography

Alexander Shulgin - wemithi, a pharmacologist ethandwa American ezahlela izinto eziningi zanamuhla ingqondo.

Biography wemithi

Ngo-1925, eBerkeley wazalwa Alexander Shulgin. Chemist esivela kuNkulunkulu, ngakho lalibizwa nozakwethu abaningi nabantu ayebajwayele.

Uyise wayengumGreki isifiki ezivela eRussia. Wazalwa ngo Orenburg, wathuthela phesheya ngokushesha ngemva kulwiwa, ngo-1923. Ngu mkhakha bekanguthishela, efana umkakhe. umama Shulgin wazalwa ngo-Illinois, igama lakhe kwakunguKetura Henrietta Eyten.

Shulgin waziwa ngemuva kokuphela 70s waqala ngenkuthalo nomthelela ekwandeni izinto semi zokwenziwa ingqondo, okuthiwa MDMA. Ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke, zingabantu aziwayo kangcono njengoba Ecstasy amaphilisi.

Wayesebenza nomkakhe. Alexander Shulgin - umthaki wemithi, incwadi yakhe ethi "Phenethylamines enganiqabuka nabathandwayo: Chemical Love Story" waba ethengwa kakhulu ngesikhathi sayo.

Ososayensi Kuhlanganisa zokwenziwa izinto. Ngokuyinhloko, I Dow Chemical Inkampani wenze umsebenzi Alexander Shulgin. Umthaki nazo zazisebenza lapha zinambuzane. izimo zawo zihlanganisa igunya lokuqala emhlabeni zinambuzane emasimini okubolayo. Kuyinto lo msebenzi avunyelwe Shulgin uthole imvume ukufunda into, ngenxa eyabonakala nokwesasa.

uyise ecstasy

Kusukela usebenza enkampanini kwamakhemikhali 1965 wathutha Alexander Shulgin. Chemist wafundisa emanyuvesi kanye bahlanganyele ucwaningo lwazo.

Ucwaningo lwakhe e psychopharmacology Shulgin kwaqala abadakwa yizidakamizwa ayesevele aziwa njenge-LSD, mescaline futhi psilocybin. Wabe igxile ukuthuthukiswa design ukukhiqizwa yayo siqu.

Bekanye abantu abanazo, ezazihlanganisa nabantu abangaba yishumi nambili eziningana, njalo wachitha ukuhlola izinto ezintsha Alexander Shulgin. Chemist, ogama biography kuhlobene eduze le ingqondo izidakamizwa, ngisho athuthukile ayo isikali Shulgin. Ngosizo usosayensi othile kanye nozakwabo wanika izincazelo imiphumela engokomzimba, sokuzwa nokubukwayo. Kuphela Shulgin ku ngokwami mathupha okungenani eziyikhulu nezinto ezithinta ingqondo.

Bamba iqhaza ucwaningo yakhe wathatha nonkosikazi - Anna Shulgin. Ndawonye kukhula ezahlukene amakhemikhali ukwahlukahlukana ecstasy, okwaholela ezihlukahlukene imiphumela kujabulise futhi okungekuhle. Zonke lezi ucwaningo zichazwe zabo izincwadi.

Futhi namhlanje, abantu ezikhethekile e psychopharmacology, Shulgin ngokuthi "Baba."

Unkosikazi usokhemisi

indima enkulu emsebenzini Shulgin kwafeza umkakhe. Wayeneminyaka engu-6 junior yakhe.

Ann Shulgin wazalwa wakhulela edolobhaneni elincane Opicina, elinabantu ayisishiyagalombili nje izinkulungwane abantu. Lo muzi wawakhiwe eItaly, eduze nedolobha Trieste. Lapha iminyaka embalwa kugqashuke seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili, wasebenza njengoba inxusa American uyise.

Umsebenzi wakhe lochwepheshe waqala njenge Therapist Psychedelic. Nakuba nezinto ezithinta ingqondo anesikhundla zomthetho emakethe. Ann Shulgin khona umsekeli oshisekayo wezifo zengqondo Swiss Carl Jung, ikakhulukazi kakhulu inkolelo yakhe yokuziphendukela psychoanalysis. Kule ngombono, it is njalo wagcizelela bezikhali ikhemikhali ingasetshenziswa ekwelapheni izifo ezihlukahlukene.

Shulgin futhi namuhla, ngemva kokufa umlingani, uyaqhubeka abasekela ngokuba semthethweni izidakamizwa Psychedelic iziguli ngezinjongo zokwelapha. umbono wami njalo bonakalisa olungisisa imibiko ezihlukahlukene congresses kwemithi.

ERussia, imisebenzi Shulgins bakhathazekile. Ngakho, ngo-2004, i drug Control Isevisi labona izibonakaliso ukukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa izidakamizwa ezenqatshelwe ezincwadini zabo.

PiHKAL

Kuyinto kusukela leli gama esifushanisiwe is ukuba Shulgins ncwadi kakhulu, eyakhululwa ngo-1991 eyaziwa. Igama lakhe egcwele "phenylethylamine, engangazi ukuthi nabathandwayo:. Incwadi ethi A History of the chemical uthando"

Alexander Shulgin - wemithi, isithombe okuyinto engxenyeni kwekhulu XX sesibili esivame ubelokhu nesembozo omagazini ethandwa, ubhale ethengwa kakhulu real ngesikhathi.

Ingxenye yokuqala yale impikiswano umkhiqizo ngokuthi "Love Story." It likuchaza ngokuningiliziwe isingeniso, biography kanye nokuthuthukisa ubudlelwane ka-Aleksandru Ann Shulgin. Heroes kuhoxiswe ngaphansi mbumbulu liyabonakala Alice futhi shura.

Ingxenye yesibili yale umsebenzi kwakhe nesayensi ngokuphelele ezinikele incazelo eningiliziwe synthesis cishe amabili namashumi psychedelics. Ikakhulukazi wahlanganyela zamagama abo uqobo Shulgin. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi imithamo, umphumela ukuthi zingakwazi ukukhiqiza into.

ERussia, le ncwadi yabhalwa ngo-2003 ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi "Phenethylamines enganiqabuka futhi bethandwa." Nokho, maduze nje wanyamalala emashalofini ezitolo ezidayisa ngemva kokuvinjelwa esikhishwe Federal Izidakamizwa Control Izikhungo.

TiHKAL

Ngo-1997, Shulgin ukhiphe okukhuluma yayo yesibili kwemithi. umsebenzi Vosmisotstranichny enikelwe ekutadisheni tryptamines Psychedelic.

Eqinisweni, phambili encwadini yakhe yokuqala, waphuma iminyaka 6 ngaphambili. Uhlelo olusha ukuhunyushwa yokuqala ebizwa ngokuthi "tryptamine engaziyo nothando. I Landelisa"

Thanda uhlelo lokuqala, leli bhuku liqukethe izingxenye ezimbili. Eyokuqala kushiwo ababhali okukhuluma. Eyesibili ngokuphelele ezinikele incazelo eningiliziwe synthesis amahlanu izidakamizwa Psychedelic. Futhi inikeza umthamo kanye nemiphumela elindelekile.

Shulgin isikali

Scale Shulgina imininingwane umphumela ezikhiqiza nezinto ezithinta ingqondo emzimbeni womuntu. Ngokukhethekile ikhokhelwa kusiphi isikhathi izidakamizwa esithathwayo futhi kulokho umthamo.

Shulgin lokuqala eshicilelwe uhlelo kwakhe ngo-1986, kamuva wachaza ke encwadini yakhe yokuqala PiHKAL.

Scale cishe ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezine. Into ukusetshenziswa, umthamo, futhi incazelo ka umphumela lesilinganiso. Lapho eveza izidakamizwa Shulgin isebenzisa igama ngesilwane esifuywayo of zamakhemikhali, ngakho ngaphandle imfundo okungenani eyinhloko wemithi ukuqonda kuyoba nzima kulo.

Aqikelele ukuthi ebekiwe ubuningi we ketshezi njengoba kuncike ngqo umphumela kukhiqizwa. Esikalini enqunyiwe ukubonakaliswa ezibukwayo, sokuzwa, ngokwengqondo nangokomzwelo imiphumela.

Le filimu imayelana Shulgin

A ukuqonda kangcono le mfundiso kungenziwa kokubuka le filimu "Dirty Isithombe". It wasuka ngo-2010, kwathina siqondiswa yilowo Etienne Sourt. Lokhu esifushane wahlala documentary biopic, okuyinto usitshela ngokuningiliziwe ngomsebenzi hero lesi sihloko.

Alexander Shulgin - ifilimu ikhemikhali ngokushesha saba yintandokazi. Ngakho, it has a isilinganiso okusezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu idokhumentari ifilimu 7.9 "kinopoisk" iwebhusayithi.

Umqondisi ku ifilimu echazwe imisebenzi abacwaningi nososayensi, abakhuluma amashumi eminyaka wahlanganyela izifundo zendlela Psychedelic izidakamizwa ezithinta ingqondo nokuziphatha komuntu.

Esikhathini ifilimu, wachaza ngokuningiliziwe izisusa izinkolelo labo ngokuvamile necala eliphathelene nezidakamizwa inkulumo-ze. Iningi emelelwa ngokugcwele ukuphila njengoba wemithi Shulgin. Lakhe kwezesayensi impumelelo, izinyathelo endleleni eya ulwazi ekujuleni komuntu ingqondo.

Etienne Sourt baziwa Melika njengoba umlobi we tinhlelo oluchaza. Ikakhulukazi, wathatha isithombe "Whitey:. USA vs James J. Bulger". It lunikezelwe ukuphila nokufa leqembu lezigilamkhuba James Bulger.

Ngo-2011, wakhulula isithombe uMongameli US uRonald Reagan.

ukuphila Siqu

Alexander Shulgin - umthaki wemithi, izingane abakuphila kwabo baye akabonakalanga. Ngesikhathi esifanayo nge nomkakhe u-Anne, wayejabule kakhulu emshadweni eside. Manje umkakhe engumfelokazi, kodwa namanje ibhizinisi oyinhloko ukuphila umyeni wakhe. Okwamanje, eseneminyaka engu-86 ubudala. Ann Shulgin uye akuvamile uvele yomphakathi.

Alexander Shulgin, umthaki wemithi, washona ngo-June 2014. Eminyakeni embalwa ngaphambi kwalokho, waze washaywa unhlangothi kanzima, ngemva kwalokho akazange abuyele emsebenzini asebenzayo. Ngo-2014 udokotela waphawula kokufa nomdlavuza wesibindi. Shulgin ushonele ekhaya lakhe esifundazweni US of California. Wayeneminyaka engu-88 ubudala.