Abelana umnikelo - Iyini?

Ukuze kuzuzwe izinhloso ezahlukahlukene zezomnotho nezenhlalo (nokwaneliseka impahla kanye nezinye izidingo), abantu kanye nezinhlangano wonke ukudala izinhlangano esekelwe ubulungu, - co-op. Encwadini umnotho emakethe, bayizithunywa amandla lwesithathu futhi elinye ithuba zomphakathi nezizimele. I co-op unobuhlobo ngqo izithakazelo kwezomnotho (noma ezinye) amalungu ayo.

Ukuze ukwakheka ukuzihlanganisokhu futhi umgomo walo kudala isisekelo ezakhiwe Imali ubulungu okuyinto. Lolu hlobo utshalomali ngqo, ngokuthi 'uyisabelo umnikelo. " Lokhu imali bamasheya Ukufakwa (abahlanganyeli) angefani ukuqinisekisa ukuthi sisekelo imisebenzi wokubambisana esenana nengxenye izimpahla zayo. Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi i-share nokuthi unikeza amalungu wokubambisana, sikhuluma ngani esihlokweni.

Abelana umnikelo: Definition

Umqondo umnikelo unikezwa, ngokukhethekile, uMthetho Federal of 1995 "Ngo kwezolimo". Ngokusho kwakhe ngokuthi mutual impahla umnikelo ku Isikhwama mutual, wenza ilungu wokubambisana ngesimo imali noma impahla kwamanye (lokhu kungaba ezihlukahlukene amalungelo endawo, umhlaba, izakhiwo, njll).

Kumthetho wamademeshe, isabelo umelwe:

• ilungelo iqhaza amafa le co-op etholwe ngemuva kokukhokha okomnikelo (noma imali noma impahla kwamanye, noma ngqo izakhamuzi zibambe iqhaza emisebenzini wokubambisana);
• ukuthi ingxenye yempahla wokubambisana, anikezelwe omunye wamalungu ayo, esakhiwa eminikelweni eyenziwa ukuba wabelane futhi share elihambisana komhiaba wadala ngokuhamba imisebenzi wokubambisana.

Inani umnikelo unomthelela oqondile e ukusatshalaliswa inzuzo phakathi kwamalungu wokubambisana. Kulokhu, it akuphazamisi ilungelo iqhaza ukuphathwa: njalo lomphakathi has emhlanganweni ojwayelekile ncamashi nevoti elilodwa. Umsebenzi izikhundla ezithile wokubambisana lincike ubukhulu umhlanganyeli enza khona umnikelo share. Lesi isici esibalulekile, lokubonakala Code Civil.

Inqubo ukungena wokubambisana

Izakhamizi futhi abantu zomthetho abenze i emnyango futhi iminikelo mutual bayiswa amalungu wokubambisana abizwa ngokuthi abanikazi bamasheya. Bangafana uma udala noma uma ungena inkampani osuvele ukhona. Esimweni sokuqala, abahlanganyeli isinyathelo abasunguli balo futhi babe bamasheya kuphela emva ukubhalisa isimo inkampani njengenkolo esemthethweni. In the yesibili - abafisa ukungena wokubambisana lokuqala ukhonza enkulumweni yakhe umkhandlu, okuyinto kubhekwa kungakapheli nenyanga, bese wenze isinqumo esifanele. Uma kuwukuthi omuhle, kulandelwa:

• Imali sokungena - uya ikakhulukazi ukumboza izindleko ezihlobene entry;
• ekukhokhweni umnikelo - impahla kufanele zifakwe ku isikhwama (usayizi eyasungulwa inkampani charter);
• umninimasheya ukuthola incwadi - iphepha isitifiketi ubulungu wokubambisana.

Ukuze wenze umnikelo ngokulingana izinzuzo enqwabelene, okuyinto zikhokhelwa yomhlalaphansi noma idluliselwe ingxenye testator.

Masheya futhi banelungelo isicelo ukusebenza co-op njengento yokuqala kuqhathaniswa nezinye izakhamuzi (uMthetho Federal "Ngo umthengi nokubambisana"). Isibalo esiphezulu ababambiqhaza, kwabanikazi bamasheya wokubambisana akugcini.

Isivumelwano phakathi masheya wokubambisana

Lowo Mbhalo wangonyaka we main belinganisa inqubo sokukhokha shareholder imali noma impahla kwamanye kuyinto inkontileka yomnikelo. Ubeka wonke amaphuzu asemqoka ezihlobene entry kanye nokubamba iqhaza kwazo izakhamuzi enhlanganweni wokubambisana:

• imigomo kanye nenani ekukhokhweni umnikelo;
• amalungelo nezibopho bamasheya;
• ilungelo angamisa lokhu inkontileka;
• oda ukubuya izimali shareholder at the ophumayo kusukela wokubambisana.

Incwadi yesivumelwano ingaphinda lelipelwe imithetho for beqhuba imihlangano amalungu wokubambisana, amalungelo olukhethekile umninimasheya zinqunywa, nemithetho ukuhlukaniswa kwempahla le co-op ezimweni ezihlukahlukene.

sivumelwano Mutual kanye ifomu wokuzimisela umnikelo. amayunithi adingekayo e ukukhiqizwa wokubambisana elisungulwe okufanayo bonke osayizi, umthengi - ngokulingana ivolumu kuhlelwe ukuba izakhamuzi zibambe iqhaza emisebenzini yezomnotho le co-op.

Ngaphezu amalungu esiyisibopho omphakathi angafaka ngeminikelo yokuzithandela kulesi sikhwama mutual ukuze andise kwabo impahla iqhaza co-op. Ngenxa amalungu abo paenakopleniya ifomu, ezifaka hlangana ukuhlahluba izinkokhelo yonyaka wokubambisana silingane usayizi nesikhathi esemkhathini we ukonga ngoba umnikazi wamasheya ngamunye.

Izinzuzo wokubambisana: fund mutual

Kwakheka ngeminikelo evela emalungwini wokubambisana Isikhwama mutual yalyaetsya omunye izinhlangothi eziqine. Esikhathini umthetho Russian is hhayi memezela lungekho ngaphansi intela esenziwe isakhamuzi uma kokujoyina ukwabelana wokubambisana. Lokhu kukunika isilinganiso esithile senkululeko ngo ukusetshenziswa futhi ukudluliswa kwempahla amalungu akha joint, share capital.

Ngakho, ngokwesibonelo, zingenziwa esikhwameni mutual, hhayi imali kuphela, kodwa futhi ukuba izakhiwo, imishini, umhlaba, izibambiso nezinye impahla, okuyinto has a zibiza malini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ekushintsheni yayo umbuso kwezomthetho, umbuso ka intela kanye nezinye izinkokhelo ezihlobene ne ukusetshenziswa kwalo. Ngaphansi inkontileka, ungenza zaba umnikelo, noma ikhompyutha, xoxa inani layo kuphela abaholi le co-op. Kulokhu, ukubuya isabelo ungathola imali ngokukuthumela ningabuyiseli lezi zimali kuhlobo yiziphi izintela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanikazi bamasheya amahhala ukusebenzisa impahla (namanye amalungu alo co-op), kufaka ekhatsi imali ukuthi uthole ibheyili ngezabelo zabo.

Impahla akha lesi sikhwama mutual, is kahle bavikelekile ukuphazamiseka zangaphandle imisebenzi wokubambisana ngesisekelo umthetho waseRussia. Ngakho-ke, co-operatives bavame ngokuthi umphakathi nehlukile futhi ezizimele komnotho.

isiphetho

Kusukela sihloko, okufundile ngalokho yisabelo umnikelo. Lena akuyona nje imali ukungena wokubambisana inelungelo isabelo impahla yayo futhi engenayo ethathwe ngokusetshenziswa kwayo. Lena ekusebenziseni namathuba ayo (hhayi kuphela) walo mhlaba kuzimo abaqotho ngaphezulu (asikho isidingo amalayisense, isimemezelo, intela nokunye.).