Abalingiswa bezinganekwane zaseRussia

Abalingiswa bezinganekwane zaseRussia, okuqukethwe kwabo kanye nesistimu kunqunywe yizinhlobonhlobo zezinganekwane (imilingo, mayelana nezilwane, kwansuku zonke, inoveli, eyingqayizivele, okuhlanganiswayo, i-anecdotal, njll).

Ukuze uqonde umlingisi wezinganekwane kuyadingeka ukucabangela imisebenzi kanye nezindima azenza emsebenzini. Imisebenzi eqhubekayo inquma inani lomfundi kanye nomlaleli ku-hero, obonakala sengathi unomqondo omuhle noma omubi. Kusukela ekubukeni kwesethi yemisebenzi nokusabalalisa kwabo, ngokusho kwe- V.Ya. I-Proppa, izinhlamvu eziyisikhombisa eziyinhloko zezinganekwane zivela: umnikeli, umsizi, i-princess noyise wakhe, umthumeli, iqhawe neqhawe lamanga. Noma kunjalo, umsebenzi ngamunye wabalingiswa awuhambisani nezici zawo eziyisisekelo ze-semantic: abalingiswa abahle bezinganekwane benza izenzo ezimbi, futhi abalingiswa ababi bangakwazi ukwenza izenzo ezinhle. Amaqhawe amathekisthi ayingxenye yokubambisana: ngayinye yazo inezici eziningana ezitholakala ngokuhambisana nezenzo ezenziwe ngesikhathi kuthuthukiswa isakhiwo. I hero inekhono lokubona noma yimuphi umsebenzi kusukela enombolweni etholakalayo ukufeza umgomo ngaphambi kwayo. Indima yeqhawe (umnikeli, inkathazo, umphikisana, umsizi) uyamvumela ukuba enze imisebenzi ephikisana ngqo. U-Evil Baba-Yaga (inkathazo) angasiza u-Ivan Tsarevich ngomusa ezindabeni zezinganekwane, ezakhiwe ngesisusa sokusesha nokunqoba.

Abalingiswa bezinganekwane zaseRashiya benza uhlelo ngokusekelwe isimiso se-antonymic: i-protagonist iyaphikisana nabaphikisi bakhe, futhi ngamunye wabo unabasizi bakhe. Ukuze ube yindoda yangempela yenkohlakalo emphakathini, akudingekile ukuba ube ngumthelisi wezindinganiso zokuziphatha eziphakeme. Umnqobi akayona eyona engcono kakhulu, kodwa uhlamvu olubi kunawo wonke owela kuzo zonke izivivinyo, eveza amakhono amangazayo (umphumela wenduduvu embi).

Igama lomlingiswa liveza okuqukethwe okuyisisekelo kwesithombe sakhe: Okungafi, Okuhle, uBesschastny, Besideal. Izinhlamvu zenganekwane (Baba Yaga, Leshiy, Vodyanaya, Rusalka) bavame ukulimaza leli hero, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi bayamsiza. Abalingiswa abahle balwe nobubi, basize ababuthaka, ababuthakathaka. Abalingiswa abanobubi bungobubi, bukhohlisayo, bujwayele ukukhohlisa. Bafuna ukubhubhisa iqhawe elihle futhi bamlahle umvuzo.

Izinhlamvu ezizithandayo eziyizintandokazi ngu-Ivan the Tsarevich futhi kaningi u-Ivan the Fool. Emlandweni wezinganekwane, lapho kubonakala khona enye into ebonakalayo, ekhombisa imibono yabantu ngalokho okulungile noma efiselekayo, u-Ivan oyisiwula ngeziphambeko zakhe nezenzo zakhe ezimbi, bonke abalahlwayo futhi abadelelekile, baziphatha njengeziwula, benza izinto eziphambene nencazelo ebonakalayo. Kodwa yile ndlela yokuziphatha evumela ukuthi afeze umgomo wakhe. Ngakho-ke, lo mbono uqaphela ukuthi ubuhle (ingqondo, ukukhuthalela, amandla) akuzona ezibaluleke kakhulu futhi akuzona izinto eziyinhloko ekuphileni. Isiwula sibheka ubuwula, sihawukela, ngakho-ke siyasizwa. Ngosizo lwezinto zemilingo nabasizi, i-Fool ithola konke engenakho: uyashada wakhe okhethiwe, uthola umvuzo wenyama, inhlonipho yonke.

Abalingiswa bezinganekwane banomthelela omkhulu kubalingiswa bezincwadi ezibhaliwe. Ezincwadini zaseRussia kukhona uchungechunge lonke lwezithombe ezibuyela emuva kubalingiswa bezinganekwane, kuhlanganise no-Ivan the Fool. I-typology yesithombe sensizwa idalwe ku-prose yesimanje: lawa angama-clowns nama-buffon, ama-simpletons namaziphukuphuku angcwele, bonke abangekho kuleli zwe. I-Fool yanamuhla ifana nomndeni wakhe, kodwa ukuziphatha kwakhe okungenangqondo akunikezi umphumela oyifunayo, futhi uma usebenza ngokwengeziwe, ukuhlukunyezwa okungaphezulu.