Zarostok Fern libukeka lokho? Yini ifomu akwenzayo Fern zarostok (isithombe)

Izinhlobo babone yilowo nalowo phakathi kwethu. Lezi zitshalo herbaceous kuthiwa esakazwa ezonini athokomele. Futhi hlobo luni Fern zarostok? Impendulo yalo mbuzo kungatholakala esihlokweni sethu.

izici jikelele eMnyangweni

Fern abamele izitshalo spore ephakeme. Lona izitshalo kuqala ezweni, izimpawu izici ezilandelayo:

• nokubukeka kwazo izicubu kanye izitho;
• eziphilayo Grassy;
• yokuzala yokuzala asexual kwamaseli - ezinhlamvu;
• Noma alternation of izizukulwane emjikelezweni wokuphila.

Kusukela kwezinhlobo yesimanje, ngaphandle ezinjengohlinzamfuku, leli qembu ehlelekile kuhlanganisa wona, wona club kanye horsetails. Zonke lezi zitshalo ezocansi kanye isizukulwane asexual kuyinto indlela ehlukile yokuzalana kanye nezici morphological. Ngakho, Fern sporophyte isitshalo yizihlahla. Lesi sizukulwane asexual. Kodwa gametophyte - Fern zarostok, has simise ezahlukene kakhulu.

Izici sokuphila

Asexual isizukulwane isitshalo Izinhlobo siqukethe izimpande futhi amahlumela. Uma uyikha phezulu le, singabona kuphela amaqabunga kwakwakhe. Yena ngokwakhe waphunyuka iyaguquguquka futhi ithuthukisa ngomshoshaphansi. It is evundlile. Ngaphandle, abaprofethi bamanga lesi sakhiwo empeleni ufana isitho ngomshoshaphansi. Kodwa esigaxeni is ekuphunyukeni kuzo, ngoba siqukethe internodes, isizinda nezinso.

On underside Fern eshiya ngeso lenyama ungabona uhlevane ezincane brown. It sporangium, lapho amaseli akhiwa ukukhiqizwa kabusha asexual. Lapho sesivuthiwe, ehlatshwa enhlabathini olumanzi. Kube zikhula, ukwakha Fern zarostok. Lesi sakhiwo has ohluke kakhulu - kwefulethi ipuleti oluhlaza. Ubukhulu prothallia encane kakhulu - amamilimitha angu ezimbalwa kuphela. Ngakho-ke, ukuze uwahlukanise cover amnyama izitshalo esinindolweni nzima kakhulu.

Hlobo luni Fern uye zarostok

Naphezu ezincane usayizi, lokuphatselene nesakhiwo nemsebenti we komqondo nezinga lokukhula kwengane isitshalo ziyinkimbinkimbi. Esikhathini isithombe prothallia Fern angabona ngokucacile ukuthi ivela ngokuhlukile izitshalo isizukulwane asexual. Advantageously, it has a ifomu amise okwenhliziyo nge imiphetho wavy. Ngo phakathi ipuleti kuyinto okukhulu. Emaphethelweni isendlalelo esisodwa izacile, kancane ayevumela.

Zarostok Fern unomzimba plate amise okwenhliziyo, phansi okuyinto akhiwa rhizoids tufts obukhulu. Kulezi izimpande, lezi zakhiwo kuhluke ukungabi ihlule. Zakhiwa amaseli elihlanganiswa anatomically, kodwa ngasinye salezi imisebenzi ngokwehlukile. Rhizoids enze umsebenzi okunamathiselwe gametophyte substrate.

Ibalulekile ukuthuthukiswa kwe-sporophyte yilokhu prothallia amaseli mangqamuzana ane-chlorophyll. Lokhu kunikeza inqubo ye-photosynthesis futhi ukutholakala izinto ezidingekayo organic ukwakha izitshalo ukukhiqizwa kabusha asexual, okuyinto unamahlangothi esithé ukuphakama.

ukuthuthukiswa gametophyte

ezinhlamvu Fern ukuthuthukisa kuphela inhlabathi olumanzi. ukusatshalaliswa yabo kwenziwa amanzi, umoya, izinambuzane nezinyoni. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuhluma ezinhlamvu kwakhiwa ipuleti. Ngo lingakanani cross-Sectional ka ngokulambisa sifinyelela 3 mm. Zarostok Fern enamathiselwe phansi esebenzisa rhizoids, esinikela futhi ezengeziwe izitshalo amandla.

Ohlangothini phansi lesi sakhiwo ahlelwe umthondo - gametangia. Lezi zakhiwo futhi ezincane ngobukhulu, okuyinto Kunzima ngisho nokucabanga. Ziyakwazi ezimbili zama. Amadoda okuthiwa antheridia. Evuthwa isidoda. Lokhu igciwane amaseli abe flagella. Kodwa inhlangano kwesidoda kungenzeka kuphela khona amanzi. Ngakho-ke, ukuba khona umswakama luyimfuneko inqubo sokukhulelwa zonke izitshalo spore. Female ubulili izitho abizwa ngokuthi archegonium. Basuke ezakhiwe Iqanda esinqunyiwe.

Ukuze Izinhlobo libhekene cross-kokukhulelwa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi nokuvuthwa antheridium futhi archegonia kwenzeka ngezinye izikhathi ezahlukene. Ngakho-ke, i-fusion of gametes ngokuvamile kwenzeka phakathi amahlumela ezahlukene.

sporophyte

Iqanda eselivundisiwe eba isizukulwane asexual plant, okuyinto wansuku zonke ngibone umjikelezo wokuphila kwe Fern. Ibizwa ngokuthi sporophyte. Uma Fern zarostok ine uhlobo ipuleti, isizukulwane asexual isitshalo herbaceous. It has ukuphunyuka komhlaba Ushintshe - evundlile. Ngenxa vegetative efihlekile ngokufanele kwalo kwamaqabunga. Bona bangabezwe; izinhlobo ezimbili. Amaqabunga ayo amancane abizwa ngokuthi ngamaqabunga. Ziyakwazi spirally ezisontekile futhi predpobegami abazalwa. Fern Mature eshiya eziyinkimbinkimbi, elikhulayo.

Phakathi ngokobulili futhi asexual isizukulwane Fern kukhona omunye umehluko okukhulu. Zarostok Fern has rhizoids futhi sporophyte - izimpande adventitious.

zinhlobo lasendulo

izitshalo Modern Fern babe ukwehluka eyanele kwezinhlobo. Kuzo zonke spore, leli qembu yilona eziningi kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa isakhiwo sabo neliphelele kunalelo. Ngesikhathi sigaba samanje, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-10,000 zinhlobo.

Kodwa Izinhlobo lasendulo kuba sengathi ehluke ngokuphelele. Selilonke bafika ikakhulukazi esikhathini Carboniferous. Nakuba zohlinzamfuku afinyelela 40 metres ubude. Siyakhanga, nobubanzi ngemiboko yazo. Kwaba 2 amamitha.

Ukuvela lezi zitshalo emhlabeni kuhlehlela emuva enkathini Paleozoic. Ngokuhamba bokuziphendukela kwemvelo, bayehluleka baka izitshalo ezweni kuqala - Rhyniophyta. Kwaba iminyaka eyizigidi ezingu-400 edlule. Izinhlobo sidilizwa saphela ngenxa yalokhu kuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Ziyakwazi isisekelo amaminerali fuel eyigugu - amalahle.

Ngakho, kulesi sihloko sithole hlobo luni zarostok Fern - gametophyte. Kuyinto ezincane ipuleti oluhlaza esihle. Kuyinto ngokobulili isizukulwane Izinhlobo. Zarostok ithuthukiswe ngokwehlukana kusukela asexual izitshalo isizukulwane uyakwazi-photosynthesis, has rhizoids. It yasungulwa ngokobulili ukukhiqizwa kabusha izinhlaka lapho akhiwa gametes. Ngenxa yalokho Fusion yabo futhi ukuqhubeka zygote kwakhiwa sporophyte Fern kokuba esinezimila isakhiwo.