Yokwelapha Electroconvulsive e wezifo zengqondo. Izinkomba, imiphumela

Namuhla, abaningi baye bezwa ngalokhu indlela yokwelashwa njengoba electroshock noma ukwelashwa electroconvulsive. Le nqubo kungenxa ifilimu unegama ezimbi. Kodwa indlela izinto eqinisweni, noma ngabe lolu hlobo yokwelapha kuyingozi futhi okwesabisayo ngakho, njengoba besho ngaye?

Hlobo luni inqubo?

Lapho kwenziwe yokwelapha electroconvulsive, ubuchopho lesiguli ngokusebenzisa ezihlukahlukene amandla lamanje sidlulile - kusukela milliamps 200 kuya 1600. voltage Its volts 70 kuya 400. Isikhathi ukuchayeka ingeqi imizuzwana embalwa, kukhishwa nezingxenyana ezithile imizuzwana ngokuvamile kungagcini. Lezi pulses kuvuse nokuquleka. Kodwa kuyafaneleka ukuthi umthamo zilethwe yokucindezeleka kuyinto ngabanye, kuye ngokuthi impendulo lesiguli. Iseshini kuphumelela uma unalo isikhathi ekuthatheni imizuzwana 25. Ukuze afeze lokhu kwelashwa emathempelini nhlangothi zombili we electrode ezifakiwe. Ngezinye izikhathi basuke agibele amahhashi ngaphambili futhi ngemuva ekhanda. Amaza kagesi ngokuvamile bavunyelwe kuphela ngokusebenzisa uhlangothi zobuchopho. Electrode indawo kuzoncika isifo womuntu, ngoba ushintsha kwenkululeko ubuchopho ngesikhathi izifo ezahlukene.

Ngaphambi inqubo, isiguli singase ufake umuthi paralyzes lonke uhlelo kwemisipha okwesikhashana. Lezi izinyathelo ezidingekayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isiguli yini waphula amathambo abo ngesikhathi ukudlula ugesi ngokusebenzisa ubuchopho. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi ECT kubangela ezinzima Shake-up lonke umzimba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuseshini ngempela kwenziwa ngaphansi ukubulawa kwezinzwa okuvamile.

Kodwa ukuze abangele shock esinjalo, ochwepheshe akuzona ugesi kuphela. Ngenhloso zokwelapha, igesi ezihogelwayo esetshenziswa (Ukwakheka is imuncwe ngokusebenzisa imaskhi) futhi izindlela chemical (phansi kwesikhumba iqondiswa ngenaliti). Umthelela mithi yilona ukumelana kagesi. Ochwepheshe bathi ukuphathwa kungenxa beshaqekile ngesikhathi sokuwa futhi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izindlela bebizwa (ngokusebenzisa buso, inaliti, noma ukushaqeka).

Kungani bafeze lo yokwelapha?

Ngo-1938 wathenjiswa yokwelapha electroconvulsive njengoba indlela yokusiza abantu bahlukane nazo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Futhi, le nqubo ihlose ukusiza iziguli abaphethwe ezinye lokugula ngengqondo. Kodwa eminyakeni kwaba sobala ukuthi le ndlela yokwelashwa alusebenti esimweni bayasangana, kodwa linikeza imiphumela emihle neNkabazwe. Abanye odokotela bathi le ndlela ka ukususa lezi zengqondo ndlela iphumelela kakhulu, ngoba cishe 75% eziguli wathola ukululama wamukelekile kusukela izimpawu zokugula yabo.

Izinkomba ukwelashwa ukuziphatha

Kukhona uthi abaningi lapho sipho ukubamba indlela yokwelashwa. Kodwa kulotshiwe zonke izinhlobo ezine nokuphazamiseka engqondweni, lapho inqubo inikezwa yokwelapha electroconvulsive njalo eziphuthumayo. Lezi zihlanganisa:

• Ukucindezeleka, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho kwembulwa isifiso nokuhahela ukuzibulala nesifiso ibangela ukuzilimaza.
• catatonia Febrile.
• Isimo lapho isiguli ngenkani enqaba ukwamukela amanzi noma ukudla.
• Neuroleptic syndrome ebulalayo.

Kodwa kunezinye izinkomba okuyiwona kungenzeka yokwelapha electroconvulsive Kunconywa, kodwa kulezi zimo inqubo oyokwenziwa ngendlela lohleliwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ndlela yokwelapha isetshenziswe kuphela wezifo zengqondo, kodwa futhi izidakamizwa namasimu zezinzwa (isb, isifo sokuwa, ubuhlungu syndromes).

ukuphathwa ukucindezeleka

kuvame kakhulu ukuba kusetshenziswe indlela yokwelapha electroshock ukucindezeleka. It usumisiwe ukuthi lesi sifo sibangwa fuzz ft noh hujan mkhosi exchange emkhatsini ezindaweni ezahlukene ingqondo. Ngakho-ke, injongo udokotela abazobe bekhona kufanele kube ukuphazamisa lezi ubudlelwane futhi ukubuyisela umzimba evamile. Kukholakala ukuthi ukuquleka okubangelwa kagesi, ukunciphisa inani link fuzz ft noh hujan phakathi izingxenye zobuchopho obhekene kwemizwelo, okuhlushwa futhi ukucabanga.

Ilungiselela ukwelashwa

Ukuze uqhubeke nalokhu indlela yokwelashwa, udinga ukwenza izinyathelo ezilandelayo:

1. Ucwaningo oluphelele ngesimo zezinzwa zomzimba zogulayo.
2. Kuyinto ukuhlolwa kwegazi kanye nomchamo ezivamile. Kwezinye izimo, kwamakhemikhali ukuhlaziywa igazi okwenziwa kabanzi.
3. Uhlaziya umsebenzi engqondweni yethu.
4. It ihlolwe esimiso senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi futhi wafundelwa electrocardiogram.
5. Elilinganiswayo locomotor umsebenzi isiguli.

Futhi aphethwe eziningi ezinye izenzakalo, ezifana ukumisa ukudla, kanye nemithi ethile ukuthi ukwamukela iziguli ukuze bayothola ukwelashwa.

Futhi, ngokuphambene nenkolelo evamile ukuthi imishanguzo electroconvulsive e wezifo zengqondo uphoqwa, inqubo uqhubeke kuphela ngenkululeko amaqembu bayahlanganyela. Isiguli kumelwe azenzele esakhe ukuthatha isinqumo esinjalo futhi lokusayina ifomu ukukhululwa. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi isimo sengqondo kunzima kakhulu, futhi wayengasakwazi ukunikeza impendulo yami. Kulokhu, close umnakekeli isihlobo noma kungenzeka uvumela inqubo. Kodwa leso sinqumo kwakungokomthetho yini, uya umkhandlu odokotela abanikeza esiphethweni.

Imvamisa ukwelashwa

Kuyaziwa ukuthi ukwelashwa electroconvulsive e wezifo zengqondo kudluliselwa inkambo kuhlanganisa amaseshini amaningi. imvamisa yabo ihlukile kuye ngezimo zezwe ngalinye kanye nokuhambela umtholampilo, lapho ukwelashwa. Ngokuvamile ngesonto isiguli wenziwa amaseshini ezimbili noma ezintathu. Isikhathi i-course ithatha ngokwesilinganiso emasontweni amane. Kwezinye iziguli, ngcono kwenzeka ngaphambili kakhulu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kungcono ngokwanele ngamasonto amabili nje. Ngezinye izikhathi ngcono akuzange kwenzeke izikhathi yokwelapha ngisho nangemva 20. Kodwa kubonakala uma 12 amaseshini lokuqala ungazange Uzithukululile isimo phasi, impatho eseqhubeka ngale ndlela ehluleka.

imiphumela

Le ndlela yokwelashwa kuyinto ezibalula inani, futhi, yebo, kunemiphumela emibi ukuthi kukhona ekuseni khulu, ngemuva kwesikhathi. Endabeni thuthuva lokuqala lwenzeka ngokushesha ngemuva kokuphela kweseshini noma ngesikhathi ke. Lezi zihlanganisa okwathatha isikhathi eside kangako kufanelekile ezingezona ezemvelo, edinga kokuphazamiseka ngokushesha yenqubo ngokwethula izidakamizwa ethize. Futhi tachycardia zingavela phakathi nesimiso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusabela kungaba izinzwa noma esinye isidakamizwa esetshenziselwa ukwelapha. It kubonakala ifomu yokuphelelwa umoya (ukumisa ukuphefumula).

Ngaphezu imiphumela ekuseni Ingahlanganisa ikhanda ngemva kokuhlinzwa, okuyinto luqedwe ngosizo amaphilisi ezinhlungu ukukhanya. Ngemva ekuthatheni injabulo kungenzeka, isicanucanu, ushintsho ingcindezi, isimo isifo, kanye ukudideka, okuyinto kancane kancane abohle. Kodwa kungenziwa iyakhula nge sizofunda abavamile. Imiphumela emibi kakhulu zihlanganisa yisifo senhliziyo nokufa.

Late side effects avele emva kwesikhashana, ngemva izinqubo eziningana. Sikwazi ukukhula unyaka, ngesikhathi yokwelapha electroconvulsive wenziwa. Imiphumela, njengoba sekushiwo, kungenziwa kubonakala ngesimo ukudideka eside. Kungase kube ukulahlekelwa amandla okukhumbula noma izinkinga ukucabanga esinqunyiwe.

inkumbulo disorder

Kwaphela isikhathi eside, kwakubikwa umbono ukuthi le nqubo nakanjani kungalimaza ubuchopho. Ngakho-ke, ucwaningo sezenziwe ukuthola ukuthi yini imemori kusulwe uma electroconvulsive yokwelapha, futhi ukungasebenzi endaweni efanayo. Kwatholakala ukuthi ukwephulwa ziqala ukuvela ngemva mayelana session lesithupha. Kulokhu, ukulahlekelwa amandla okukhumbula angase akhishwe inyumbazane ngenxa uhlamvu ezahlukene. Ngezinye izikhathi isiguli nje akazange awukhumbule ukuthi waphathwa ngale ndlela, futhi kwezinye izimo i-isampula eyabonwa ukukhohlwa. Ngokwesibonelo, umuntu wayengakwazi ukukhumbula amagama noma eminye imininingwane. Kodwa zonke lezi ukwephula iphutha kuphela yalezo ziguli ngaphambi ukwelashwa ku-MRI zalotshwa subcortical ezimhlophe ndaba izilonda umfutho ngokweqile. Ngokuvamile, ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa, imemori salezi ziguli walulama ngokuphelele, nakuba abanye namanje waphawula ukuthi ingxenye yokuphila kwazo izenzakalo iye kusulwe phakade.

Ingabe kukhona Izimo

Noma nini kungase kuphakame Umbuzo ngenxa yenani amathuba okuba nemiphumela engemihle ukuthi, kwezinye izimo, ukwelashwa electroconvulsive akwamukeleki. Isimanga siwukuthi kodwa Izimo ngokuphelele le ndlela yokwelapha, odokotela ningabizi. Nakuba ngesikhathi esifanayo, odokotela abaningi ozama uqaphele, ngoba kukhona isimo lesiguli lezi izinqubo kungaholela ekufeni isiguli ngaphansi kwazo. Lezi zihlanganisa:

• Kudluliselwe a isilethikusebenza (ngizodabula izinyanga ezintathu).
• nomfutho wegazi ophezulu Intracranial.
• Ukopha esiswini.
• Pheochromocytoma.
• Ukuba khona izimila ebuchosheni (uhlobo lwe eqoshiwe Lokudabuka).
• Uma izinkinga ezihlobene ukungabekezelelani ukuba izinto zokubulala izinzwa.

Kodwa, ngaphezu kwazo zonke lokhu, kukhona isimo lapho phakathi naleyo nqubo, kufanele sithathe izinyathelo ezengeziwe ukuze unciphise ingozi yokuthola izifo.